Hymenopterous parasitoids of the cherry bark tortrix, Enarmonia formosana (Scopoli) in central-east Europe (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea; Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)

Strategies targeting the biological control of the cherry bark tortrix (=CBT), Enarmonia formosana (Scopoli) in North America have also included the search for potentially useful native hymenopterous parasitoids of the pest in Europe. The search for such agents undertaken in the central-east Europe (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary) resulted in determination of several ichneumonid species (Campoplex cf. dubitator Horst., Liotryphon sp., Lissonotus sp., Pimpla spuria (Grav.), Pimpla turionellae (L.), and some others, and a braconid (Apanteles britannicus Wilk.) in 2001–2002.     

Hymenopterous parasitoids of the cherry bark tortrix, Enarmonia formosana (Scopoli) in central-east Europe (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea; Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)

Strategies targeting the biological control of the cherry bark tortrix (=CBT), Enarmonia formosana (Scopoli) in North America have also included the search for potentially useful native hymenopterous parasitoids of the pest in Europe. The search for such agents undertaken in the central-east Europe (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary) resulted in determination of several ichneumonid species (Campoplex cf. dubitator Horst., Liotryphon sp., Lissonotus sp., Pimpla spuria (Grav.), Pimpla turionellae (L.), and some others, and a braconid (Apanteles britannicus Wilk.) in 2001–2002.     

中国植食性瓢虫寄生蜂的初步调查

1984年9月至10月在中国南部和中部地区的调查中共发现了4种廿八星瓢虫的寄生性天敌,其中包括瓢虫姬小蜂,啮小蜂、金小蜂和一种尚未定名的寄生蜂。以瓢虫姬小蜂分布广泛,被寄生后的瓢虫形成蛹干尸。经室内饲养证明啮小蜂为瓢虫姬小蜂的寄生蜂。金小蜂仅只采集到一头标本,它的寄生作用还有待于进一步的研究。瓢虫姬小蜂已引种到美国农业部益虫研究室。     

Demodex kutzeri sp. n. (Acari: Demodicidae), an identical parasite of two species of deer, Cervus elaphus and C. nippon pseudaxis

Reports on demodicid mites of the old world species of deer are reviewed and Demodex kutzeri sp. n. (= D. cervi sensu Kutzer and Grünberg 1972; part.) described in all stages of the life cycle. The occurrence of D. kutzeri on two host species, Cervus elaphus L., 1758 and C. nippon pseudaxis Eydoux et Souleyet, 1841 is reported and discussed as a rare phenomenon in the genus Demodex.     

Four new species of Cichlidogyrus (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae), gill parasites of Tilapia cabrae (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with discussion on relative length of haptoral sclerites

Tilapia cabrae Boulenger, 1899, a cichlid fish from coastal lowlands of the Republic of Congo (Africa), was examined for gill parasites. Four new species of the Monogenea were found, all belonging to Cichlidogyrus (Ancyrocephalidae): C. berradae sp. n., C. revesati sp. n., C. legendrei sp. n., and C. lemoallei sp. n. A possible relationship between the relative size of haptoral sclerites (i.e., uncinuli compared to gripi) and microhabitat selection in the studied host-parasite model is discussed.     

江浙野桑蚕寄生性天敌调查及群落结构分析

野桑蚕是重要的桑树害虫。作者于1985—1990年在江浙主要蚕区,进行野外采集、室内饲养其卵、幼虫、蛹共达43万余个体的寄生性天敌调查。调查中共得6种原寄生灭敌,它们是:野蚕黑卵蜂、野蚕平腹小蜂、野蚕绒茧蜂、广大腿小蜂、野蚕黑瘤姬蜂和家蚕追寄蝇。卵块寄生率0—92.22%,卵粒寄生率0—56.73%,幼虫寄生率0—77.36%,蛹寄生率0—19.57%。各寄生天敌比较,以野蚕绒茧蜂和野蚕黑卵蜂最为重要,其中后者更有应用前景。此外,并对野桑蚕寄生天敌群落结构的多样性、相似性作了分析。     

Steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes for biological control of the giant looper,Boarmia selenaria

The pathogenicity of steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes to caterpillars of the giant looper,Boarmia selenaria (Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), was determined under laboratory conditions. High mortality (over 80%) was achieved, in a petri dish bioassay, with a minimum of 20,000 infective juveniles (IJ) ofSteinernema carpocapsae (Filipjev) (=Neoaplectana carpocapsae Weiser), strain ‘All’. The LD₅₀ was 4250 IJ per caterpillar. Similar results were obtained withS. carpocapsae, strain ‘Mexican’,Steinernema sp., strain ‘CR’;Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, strain ‘HP88’; andHeterorhabditis sp., strain ‘IS’. The first and second instars were the most susceptible stages to nematode infection. A laboratory model assay indicated that 80–90% of the caterpillars were killed when they migrated to the soil to pupate; this occurred when IJ were applied to sandy and heavy soils at a concentration of 400 IJ/cm³ soil. A greenhouse test reconfirmed the effectiveness of utilizing the entomopathogenic nematodes in an “ambush” system against caterpillars migrating to the soil.     

甘蔗害虫优势天敌及其保护利用

本文对7种甘蔗害虫优势天敌的寄生捕食特点及其保护利用进行了探讨和综述。云南蔗区甘蔗害虫种类多,天敌资源十分丰富。全省甘蔗害虫天敌达283种之多,其中,具有保护利用价值和研究意义的优势种主要有:寄生甘蔗螟虫Sesamia inferens Walker的赤眼蜂Thichogramma、螟黄足绒茧蜂Apanteles flavipes(Cameron)和大螟拟丛毛寄蝇Sturmiopsis in- ferens Townsend;捕食甘蔗绵蚜Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner的大突肩瓢虫Synonycha grandis (Thunberg)、双带盘瓢虫Lemnia biplagiata(Swartz)、六斑月瓢虫Chilomenes sexmaculata(Fabri- cius)和绿线食蚜螟Thiallela sp．;捕食甘蔗粉蚧Saccharicoccus sacchari(Cocherell)、Dysmicoc- cus boninsis Kuwana和蔗头象虫Trochorhopalus humeralis Chevrolat Diocalandra sp．的黄足肥螋Eu- borellia pallipes Shiraki等。还有一种寄生菌-白僵菌Beauvria sp．,在自然界中分布十分广泛,可寄生蔗螟、蔗龟Exolontha serrulata(Gyllenhal)Alissonotum impressicolle Arrow、蔗头象虫、蛀茎象虫Otidognathus rubriceps Chevrolat等多种甘蔗害虫,其自然寄生率一般在10％左右,对甘蔗害虫具有一定的自然抑制作用。合理保护利用天敌,充分发挥天敌对害虫的自然调控作用,这对保护生态环境,维护蔗田生态平衡,提高害虫综合治理水平,促进蔗糖业可持续发展均具有重要意义。     

玉米大斑菌Ht-毒素组分分析

 对分别属于玉米大斑病菌(Helminthosporium turcicum)1号和2号生理小种的致病毒素进行硅胶TL层析、薄层扫描和生物监测的结果发现,两个小种的毒性组分不同。2号小种可分离到I(Rf0.50)、Ⅱ(Rf0.36)、Ⅲ(Rf0.67)、Ⅳ(Rf0.80)、Ⅴ(Rf0.13)、Ⅵ(Rf0.25)6种组分,而1号小种最多可分离到除Ⅳ以外的其它5种组分,这些组分均有不同程度的紫外吸收。对在200~360nm有明显紫外吸收的4种组分(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ)的生物监测结果表明,只有组分Ⅲ对带Ht₁基因和不带Ht₁基因的Oh43和B372对玉米自交系不具任何致病活性,组分Ⅰ、Ⅱ对不带Ht₁基因的玉米自交系具有致病活性,而对带Ht₁基因的玉米自交系却无毒性。值得重视的是组分Ⅳ的致病特性与组分Ⅰ、Ⅱ正好相反,即对带Ht₁基因的玉米自交系具有致病活性,却对不带Ht₁基因的玉米自交系没有致病作用。结论指出,Ht-毒素的TLC组分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ玉米斑菌诱致玉米发病的主要活性成份,其中组分Ⅳ是2号小种与Ht₁基因玉米互作的特异性因子。     

Chigger mites (Acari: Trombiculidae) from wild birds in Costa Rica, with a description of three new species

Three new species of chigger mites, Eutrombicula costaricensis sp. n., Eutrombicula passerinoruni sp. n., and Eutrombicula hectochaeta sp. n. are described from wild birds from Costa Rica. Two species, Eutrombicula pacae (Floch et Fauran, 1957) and Parasecia findata (Brennan, 1969), are recorded for the first time in Costa Rica and on new host species. Data on the distribution of Blankaartia sinnamaryi (Floch et Fauran, 1956) in Costa Rica are also reported.