种鸡日龄对种蛋孵化成绩的影响

种鸡日龄对种蛋孵化成绩的影响林均德林金（辽宁熊岳农业高等专科学校）由于种鸡的日龄不同，各器官系统生长发育和生理功能状态有所不同，对种蛋的受精率和出雏率等方面均有一定的影响，为了研究种鸡的不同日龄对所产种蛋的受精率和出雏率的影响，以提高种鸡种蛋的利用价...     

益生素制剂在蛋种鸡生产中的推广应用

为推进益生素制剂在蛋种鸡生产中的广泛应用,确保京郊种禽绿色、安全、环保生产,提高种鸡场的经济效益和社会效益,开展了益生素制剂在蛋种鸡生产中示范推广应用工作。推广结果表明,在饲料中添加益生菌制剂可提高蛋种鸡的产蛋率、种蛋合格率,降低料蛋比、死淘率,改善种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率,降低种蛋母雏比,可取得一定的经济效益...     

外源肌苷酸对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及种蛋孵化性能的影响

本试验通过在种鸡的基础饲粮中加入肌苷酸(IMP)来研究其对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和种蛋孵化性能的影响。选择遗传背景相同、体重相近,产蛋率达到5%的20周龄健康AA种鸡864羽,随机分为2组(对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验组饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%肌苷酸),每组6个重复,每个重复72羽,试验期30 d。测定试验期间所有种蛋的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率;每组随机选取部分种蛋进行蛋品质测定;于孵化开始第17天,通过照蛋处理统计种蛋受精率,第21天出雏时,计算受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率和健雏率。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组种鸡的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率均有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);蛋形指数显著升高(P<0.05),蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度和蛋黄颜色显著降低(P<0.05);受精率、受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率显著升高(P<0.05),健雏率和雏鸡体重有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上,0.5%外源肌苷酸对种鸡的产蛋性能和种蛋孵化性能均有促进作用。     

外源肌苷酸对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及种蛋孵化性能的影响

本试验通过在种鸡的基础饲粮中加入肌苷酸（IMP）来研究其对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和种蛋孵化性能的影响。选择遗传背景相同、体重相近,产蛋率达到5%的20周龄健康AA种鸡864羽,随机分为2组（对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验组饲喂基础饲粮＋0.5%肌苷酸）,每组6个重复,每个重复72羽,试验期30 d。测定试验期间所有种蛋的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率;每组随机选取部分种蛋进行蛋品质测定;于孵化开始第17天,通过照蛋处理统计种蛋受精率,第21天出雏时,计算受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率和健雏率。试验结果表明：与对照组相比,试验组种鸡的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率均有升高的趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;蛋形指数显著升高（P<0.05）,蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度和蛋黄颜色显著降低（P<0.05）;受精率、受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率显著升高（P<0.05）,健雏率和雏鸡体重有升高的趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。综上,0.5%外源肌苷酸对种鸡的产蛋性能和种蛋孵化性能均有促进作用。     

籽粒苋的青贮效果及对产蛋鹅生产性能的影响

试验表明，在我国北方寒冷季节对籽粒苋进行青贮调制简单可行，青贮的籽粒苋营车价值有所提高，适口性有所改善；显著提高了产蛋鹅的产蛋率、种蛋率和料蛋比，降低了畸形蛋率和破蛋率，对籽鹅种蛋受精率、孵化率、健雏率无影响结果表明，种植籽粒苋进行青贮，用于冬春李饲喂产蛋鸦，可有效解决寒冷地区冬李产蛋鹅青绿饲料不足的问题，降低饲料成本，提高养鹅经济效益。     

罗曼蛋种鸡种蛋受精率、孵化率和健雏率的相关性分析

通过对山东大蔡牧业集团有限公司种鸡场(2008年5月至2009年4月)孵化生产记录数据进行整理、归纳和汇总,对种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率和健雏率3个指标进行相关统计分析,计算两两之间的相关系数,并建立回归方程.结果发现:种蛋受精率和受精蛋孵化率的相关系数r=0.9223(P＜0.01);种蛋受精率和健雏率的相关系数r=0.4097(P＜0.05);受精蛋孵化率和健雏率的相关系数为r=0.3980(P＜0.05).     

肉种鸭产蛋周龄与蛋重对种蛋孵化效果的影响

禽蛋孵化率的高低是由种禽年龄、种蛋品质和孵化条件等决定的[1,2]。本试验对肉种鸭在相同孵化条件下,就不同产蛋周龄和不同蛋重对孵化率和健雏率的影响进行了研究,旨在探讨产蛋周     

中草药制剂对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋后期生产性能的影响

本试验选取日龄相同、体重相近、产蛋性能一致的处于产蛋后期的健康黄羽肉种鸡600只作为供试鸡,随机分为A与B组,每组300只;每组三个重复,每个重复100只。A组为对照组,饲喂常规日粮,B组为试验组,饲喂添加0.4%的中草药制剂的日粮。结果表明:B组的产蛋率比A组提高了7.02%,差异极显著(P<0.01);B组的料蛋比比A组降低了14.2%,差异极显著(P<0.01);B组的合格种蛋率、平均蛋重和受精率、出雏率、健雏率与A组比较,差异均不显著(P>0.05)。     

种鸭育雏季节对性成熟和产蛋性能的影响

为研究育雏时期对鸭性成熟和产蛋性能的影响,试验以连城白鸭母鸭为研究对象,分别选择春、夏、秋、冬4个不同季节出雏种母鸭各360只,共计1440只,统计分析不同季节出雏的种母鸭性成熟日龄、产蛋率、种蛋率和次蛋率。结果表明:春季出雏的种母鸭开产日龄为114d,较早于夏季出雏的开产日龄132d(P<0.01)和秋、冬季出雏的开产日龄124d和121d天(P<0.05);同时,春季出雏的种母鸭产蛋率显著高于夏季出雏的(P<0.05),略高于秋、冬季出雏的种鸭产蛋率(P>0.05);4个不同季节出雏的种母鸭次蛋率和种蛋率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

益康XP对肉种鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响

为了研究饲料添加剂—益康XP对肉种鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响。试验饲粮分为2个处理,处理一不添加益康XP,处理二添加益康XP 5mg/kg,每个处理4个重复,每个重复25只公鸡、500只母鸡,预试期为1周,试验期为16周。试验结果表明:益康XP显著提高种鸡产蛋率、受精率、受精蛋孵化率和哈氏单位,降低料蛋比,对平均体重、平均蛋重、种蛋合格率、健雏率、蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、罗氏比色值、蛋黄比例和蛋白比例无显著影响。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …