纳豆芽孢杆菌液体发酵培养条件的优化

研究以实验室选育的纳豆芽孢杆菌为出发菌株,采用单因素及正交试验法对纳豆芽孢杆菌的液体摇瓶发酵培养条件进行优化,确定最适发酵培养条件为种龄21 h,接种量3.5%,装液量60 mL/250 mL,转速210 r/min,温度35℃,初始pH 7.0,摇瓶发酵周期为18 h。在此条件下发酵活菌数可达790亿CFU/mL。     

高效生物饲料菌株的选育及产酶条件优化试验

利用3种诱变方法对黑曲霉3.316进行诱变,得到1株β-葡萄糖苷酶活力最高的菌株(编号为Ch2),并对该菌株进行产酶条件优化试验。结果表明:诱变菌株Ch2的最佳产酶条件为氮源为蛋白胨,质量浓度2%,碳源为麸皮,质量浓度2%,表面活性剂吐温-80加入量2 mL,培养温度35℃,通气量200 r/min,接种量为1.5%,在此条件下培养72 h,诱变菌株Ch2的β-葡萄糖苷酶活力为302.96 U/mL,比优化前的酶活力提高了6.4%,比诱变前菌株的酶活力提高了86.5%。     

一株瘤胃源产纤维素酶菌株的培养条件优化

山羊瘤胃内容物菌群中分离得到的一株产纤维素酶菌株T15,采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸法(DNS法)进行优化。对菌株培养基成分碳源、氮源和金属离子进行优化时发现,6 g/L的葡萄糖为碳源和5 g/L的牛肉膏为氮源时,产生酶活力达到最高。培养基中添加0.03 mol/L的Ca~(2+),对菌株产生纤维素酶有促进作用。在最优发酵培养基成分为基础,对菌株T15的发酵培养温度、培养时间、培养pH条件和接种量等四因素、三水平进行正交试验,该菌株的产纤维素酶最优发酵条件:以9 mL为接种量,培养基pH值7,培养温度35℃和培养时间40 h,其产生酶活力达到26.76 U/mL;其中培养时间、接种量、培养温度、和培养基酸碱条件对菌株发酵产纤维素酶影响依次增大。     

常压室温等离子体结合紫外诱变筛选红霉素高产菌株

利用常压室温等离子体射流诱变(ARTP)和紫外照射对红霉素产生菌进行复合诱变,得到4株产量明显提高的突变菌株,4株菌的平均发酵效价较出发菌株提高25.2%;其中一株(12#菌株)经发酵摇瓶验证,红霉素发酵单位可达10029单位/mL,比出发菌株提高了28.6%,且遗传稳定性良好。实验证明ARTP-UV复合诱变是一种简单高效的筛选方法。     

发酵花生壳粉生产复合酶的初步研究

从实验室保藏的菌株中选取了一株能发酵花生壳粉产酸性蛋白酶的菌株黑曲霉HKS-07,并通过诱变得到高产菌株UV11,对培养基组成及培养条件进行了优化研究试验。结果表明,菌株UV11在m(麸皮):m(花生壳粉)为6:4、豆粕10%、(NH4)2SO42%、MgSO4·7H2O0.05%、K2HPO40.1%的培养基质上,加水比1:1.1,接种量为105~106个/g,置28～30℃下培养24～30h,产酶量为酸性蛋白酶1226U/g、纤维素酶7996U/g、木聚糖酶3192U/g、糖化酶1080U/g,热稳定性好,具有良好的应用前景。     

纳豆芽孢杆菌高抑菌活性诱导技术研究

为了提高纳豆芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性,筛选出高抑菌活性菌株,试验以纳豆芽孢杆菌BN-3作为始发菌,通过紫外线(UV)和硫酸二乙酯(DES)对其进行复合诱变,得到变异菌株XC-80,并进行营养源优化及发酵条件优化正交试验,使变异菌达到最高的抑菌活性。结果表明:紫外线最佳诱变时间为12 s,硫酸二乙酯最佳涂布浓度为0.3%,复合诱变使纳豆芽孢杆菌抑菌活性提高16.9%;经营养源优化,变异菌株XC-80最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为胰蛋白胨,最适金属盐为硫酸镁;正交试验得出优化发酵条件为葡萄糖2%,胰蛋白胨0.5%,硫酸镁0.06%,初始pH值7.2,接种量0.5%,培养温度30℃,转数140 r/min,培养时间72 h,抑菌活性较诱变后菌株再次提高25.2%;最终筛选后菌株较始发菌抑菌活性累计提高46.4%。说明复合诱变及发酵条件优化筛选出了具有高抑菌活性的变异菌株XC-80,优化了发酵条件,显著提高了发酵液抑菌活性。     

副鸡禽杆菌发酵培养工艺研究

本试验从接种方式、培养时间、初始接种量等方面对副鸡禽杆菌C-Apg-8(A型)的发酵培养条件进行了工艺改进。结果显示,通过将现有副鸡禽杆菌生产的二步接种法(一级种子→二级种子(7500mL)→300L)改为四步接种法(4mL→160mL→1600mL→30000mL→300L),接种比例由之前的2.5%变为2.5%~10%,培养方式由大瓶培养变为发酵罐培养,同时在不改变单批次发酵总体积、不增加人员和原材料成本的情况下,最终可以使副鸡禽杆菌发酵单批产量增加约5倍。     

混菌固态发酵豆渣生产菌体蛋白饲料生产工艺的研究

豆渣是加工大豆制品的副产物,具有丰富的营养价值。以豆渣为原料,通过对混菌菌株(黑曲霉、产朊假丝酵母、酿酒酵母)发酵的最佳温度、接种量、发酵时间以及瓶装量这些因素的研究,探讨混菌发酵豆渣生产菌体蛋白饲料的最佳生产工艺条件。试验结果表明:其最佳的发酵温度为30℃、接种量是10%、瓶装量为30g/瓶、发酵时间是3d。     

2株枯草芽孢杆菌协同降解黄曲霉毒素B_1的效果

旨在研究2株枯草芽孢杆菌协同降解黄曲霉毒B1(AFB1)的作用。将2株枯草芽孢杆菌进行生理生化特性鉴定和16SrRNA序列测定后,以AFB1降解率为依据,分别进行优化培养并观察协同降解作用。结果表明:菌株K-3优化条件为装液量50mL/250mL、温度37℃、4%接种量、初始pH7.0、发酵周期48h,150r/min振荡培养,对AFB1降解率为88.07%(P<0.05);菌株K-TM装液量为50mL/250mL、温度37℃、6%接种量、初始pH7.0、发酵周期60h,150r/min振荡培养,对AFB1降解率为84.81%(P<0.05);K-3、K-TM按体积1∶2组合,对AFB1协同降解率达到88.43%。本研究为益生菌在降解黄曲霉毒素中的应用奠定理论基础及试验依据。     

不同诱变方法对TL-15028菌株产泰乐菌素相关性能的影响

为了选育出泰乐菌素高产菌株,以弗氏链霉菌(Streptomyces fradiae)TL-15028菌株作为出发菌株,利用化学诱变、物理诱变以及复合诱变的方法对菌株进行诱变处理,比较不同诱变方法的诱变效果,通过诱变筛选出1株遗传稳定性好、且具有泰乐菌素和豆油抗性的菌株TLEU-1503,其发酵效价比出发菌株提高了36.5%,达到14124μg/m L,对泰乐菌素高效生产、品质提升具有重要意义。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.