共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 217 毫秒
1.
不同品种牛乳营养成分含量及脂肪酸含量和组成测定比较研究 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(5):93-97
[目的] 比较中国荷斯坦奶牛、荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛乳中常规营养成分含量、矿物质元素含量及脂肪酸含量和组成的差异。[方法] 选取中国荷斯坦奶牛、荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛各6头,每头奶牛收集200 mL生鲜乳样品,利用乳成分分析仪测定乳中常规营养成分含量,通过原子吸收分光光度计测定乳中矿物质元素含量,应用气相色谱仪测定乳中脂肪酸含量和组成。采用统计学方法对不同品种牛乳中的营养成分含量及脂肪酸含量和组成进行比较。[结果] 中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中乳脂含量显著(P<0.05)高于荷斯坦奶牛,乳蛋白含量显著(P<0.05)高于荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛;中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中乳钙含量显著(P<0.05)高于荷斯坦奶牛,乳锌含量显著(P<0.05)高于荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛。中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中豆蔻酸含量显著(P<0.05)低于荷斯坦奶牛,油酸和亚油酸含量显著(P<0.05)高于西门塔尔牛;中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中饱和脂肪酸含量显著(P<0.05)低于西门塔尔牛,不饱和脂肪酸含量显著(P<0.05)高于西门塔尔牛。[结论] 中国荷斯坦奶牛乳中部分营养成分和矿物质元素含量接近或优于荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛,脂肪酸含量和组成与荷斯坦奶牛相近,脂肪酸组成优于西门塔尔牛。 相似文献
2.
Effect of anthelmintic treatment of dairy cattle on milk production related to some parameters estimating nematode infection 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
H W Ploeger G J Schoenmaker A Kloosterman F H Borgsteede 《Veterinary parasitology》1989,34(3):239-253
On 31 farms, blood samples were taken from adult dairy cattle in September 1985, when pastured, and in November-December 1985, when stabled, to assess serum pepsinogen levels and level of nematode antibody titres. Faecal samples taken in September were examined to establish the presence of parasites by means of egg counts and larval identification. During the stabling period, dry cows were either treated with ivermectin or with a placebo in alternate sequence of expected calving date. As a result, 285 cows were treated with ivermectin while 242 cows served as controls. Anthelmintic treatment resulted in a significant increase in the 305-day milk production of 205.1 kg (P less than 0.01). Fat and protein percentages were not significantly influenced by anthelmintic treatment. There was a significant between-herd variation in nematode antibody titres and in pepsinogen values. The mean herd milk-production response to treatment correlated positively with the mean herd Ostertagia antibody titre measured in September 1985 (r = 0.364, P less than 0.05). 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
选择20头荷斯坦高产牛,采用配对分组设计分为对照组和试验组,每组各10头。对照组使用原日粮,试验组产前21d每天在日粮中添加繁奶康125g,于分娩当天添加量增至300g直到试验结束,以探讨日粮添加繁奶康对奶牛泌乳早期产奶性能(产奶量及乳品质)的影响。结果表明,补充繁奶康,产奶量、乳脂校正乳产量试验组明显高于对照组(P0.05);奶牛采食量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率及乳干物质含量两组间差异不显著(P0.05)。血液指标谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性两组间无显著差异(P0.05),高产奶牛补充繁奶康对泌乳早期产奶性能有较好的改善作用。 相似文献
8.
试验旨在探究副乳头(SNT)对奶牛产奶性能的影响及乳腺发育相关基因LGR5与副乳头发生的关系。收集325头有副乳头奶牛及同年出生的737头无副乳头奶牛的产奶性能数据,比较有、无副乳头奶牛间的产奶性能差异;利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测有、无副乳头奶牛LGR5基因的表达差异,通过直接测序法测定有、无副乳头奶牛的LGR5基因序列,寻找该基因上的遗传突变。结果表明,无副乳头奶牛的日产奶量、高峰奶量及泌乳持续力等产奶性能均优于有副乳头奶牛,但未达到统计学显著水平;LGR5基因在有副乳头奶牛中的表达量显著高于无副乳头奶牛(P<0.05);在LGR5基因第1内含子中检测到3个SNPs:rs42849472、rs42849471和rs42849470,有副乳头奶牛中3个SNPs的AA基因型频率均极显著高于无副乳头奶牛(P<0.01)。结果提示,LGR5基因可能与奶牛副乳头发生有关,可作为有效的候选基因。 相似文献
9.
10.
Bergeron R Elsener J 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2008,9(2):141-146
Several veterinarians and dairy producers elect to vaccinate dairy herds with killed combination products in the fall or spring. Postvaccinal milk drop has been reported following the use of some killed vaccines, making it important to identify vaccines that can cause milk drop and evaluate the magnitude of postvaccinal milk drop. This study compared the pre- and postvaccinal milk production levels of dairy cows vaccinated with two commercial vaccines or injected with a saline placebo. Dairy cows receiving vaccine C (Cattlemaster Gold FP5; Pfizer Animal Health, Montreal, Canada) experienced a statistically significant difference in mean postvaccinal milk drop (-1.83 kg/cow/day) compared with cows receiving vaccine T (Triangle 4+Type 2 BVD, Wyeth Animal Health, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; -0.63 kg/cow/day) or saline (-0.02 kg/cow/day). 相似文献
11.
In a Danish dairy herd affected with a number of cases of left displaced abomasum the milk production during the lactation periods of affected cows was retrospectively compared to that in two groups of non-affected cows. Group A contained all cows calving at the same time as the cases, and group B had one cow for each of the cases of similar age and with similar preceding production level. The average 305-days milk production was 610 kg lower among the cases than among cows in group B, as a best estimate of the amount of milk lost for each case of left displaced abomasum. The difference between mean production in groups B and A was 183 kg, indicating a higher than average production potential among cases, since matching on preceding production level had been carried out between the cases and the cows in group B, but not in group A. It may therefore be concluded that high yielding cows are at excess risk of left displaced abomasum, which in turn leads to a considerable loss of milk among affected cows. 相似文献
12.
Gregory Chingala Joshua Peter Mtimuni Harry Msiska Timothy Gondwe Fanny Chimwemwe Chigwa 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(7):1485-1488
To investigate the effect of feeding dairy cows diets containing lucerne hay, centrosema hay, and groundnut haulms (crop residue) on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, and milk composition, nine multiparous Friesian-Holstein cows in their mid-lactation stage were used in a 3?×?3 crossover design replicated three times. Dairy cows fed lucerne hay had significantly (p?<?0.001) higher DMI than dairy cows fed centrosema hay. DMI for cows fed groundnut haulms and lucerne hay was not significantly different. Daily milk yield for dairy cows fed diet containing lucerne hay was significantly (p?<?0.01) higher than that for dairy cows fed diets containing groundnut haulms or centrosema hay. Milk composition and body condition scores of the cows were not significantly affected by either lucerne hay, groundnut haulms, or centrosema hay. Overall, the results in this study indicated that feeding dairy cows diets containing lucerne hay increased milk yield. 相似文献
13.
Clinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Ontario: frequency of occurrence and bacteriological isolates. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
J M Sargeant H M Scott K E Leslie M J Ireland A Bashiri 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1998,39(1):33-38
The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of occurrence of clinical mastitis in dairy herds in Ontario. The study group consisted of 65 dairy farms involved in a 2-year observational study, which included recording all clinical mastitis cases and milk sampling of quarters with clinical mastitis. Lactational incidence risks of 9.8% for abnormal milk only, 8.2% for abnormal milk with a hard or swollen udder, and 4.4% for abnormal milk plus systemic signs of illness related to mastitis were calculated for 2840 cows and heifers. Overall, 19.8% of cows experienced one or more cases of clinical mastitis during location. Teat injuries occurred in 2.1% of lactations. Standard bacteriology was performed on pretreatment milk samples from 834 cows with clinical mastitis. The bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (6.7%), Streptococcus agalactiae (0.7%), other Streptococcus spp. (14.1%), coliforms (17.2%), gram-positive bacilli (5.5%), Corynebacterium bovis (1.7%), and other Staphylococcus spp. (28.7%). There was no growth in 17.7% of samples, and 8.3% of samples were contaminated. Clinical mastitis is a common disease in dairy cows in Ontario; approximately 1 in 5 cow lactations have at lease one episode of clinical mastitis. There is, however, considerable variation in the incidence of clinical mastitis among farms. The majority of 1st cases of clinical mastitis occur early in lactation, and the risk of clinical mastitis increases with increasing parity. Environmental, contagious, and minor pathogens were all associated with cases of clinical mastitis. 相似文献
14.
为调查我国当前主流饲喂方式下奶牛静脉血内毒素浓度的范围及内毒素浓度与产奶量的相关性,本试验首先验证了应用鲎试剂法定量奶牛静脉血中内毒素浓度的可行性,在此基础上,分别检测了安徽牧场 1(60头,饲粮精粗比 45∶55)、江苏牧场(15头,按产奶量高低精粗比分别为 20∶80、45∶55、50∶50)和安徽牧场 2(14头,饲粮精粗比 70∶30)共 89头奶牛的尾静脉血中内毒素浓度,并进行了内毒素浓度与产奶量的相关性分析。结果表明:鲎试剂法可有效检测奶牛静脉血中内毒素浓度,3个牧场奶牛静脉血中内毒素浓度高低不等,在 0~1.50EU/mL范围内。奶牛静脉血中内毒素浓度与产奶量之间的相关性皆不显著(P>0.05),但安徽牧场 2的相关系数(0.1952)大于安徽牧场 1(0.0205)和江苏牧场(0.0376)。结果提示,鲎试剂法可用于定量检测奶牛血中内毒素浓度,在我国当前的饲喂方式下,奶牛血液中普遍含有内毒素,静脉血内毒素浓度与产奶量无显著相关性。 相似文献
15.
B A Crooker D E Otterby 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1991,7(2):417-437
Cows that produce large quantities of milk require more management and higher quality of management than cows producing smaller quantities of milk. This is true whether improvements in milk production occur through genetic selection, increased milking frequency, or use of bovine somatotropin (bST). The milk response to use of bST is similar (10 to 15%) to that of three times a day (3x) milking and we expect that the management required to maintain the increased production through successive lactations with bST will be similar to that required for the 3x herd. Maximum economic benefit from use of bST will be achieved by dairy managers who (1) feed cows to maximize intake of diets with appropriate nutrient content and balance, (2) maintain proper body condition of their cows, and (3) have health and reproduction management programs that prevent rather than cure problems. Efficient use of record-keeping systems that enable the manager to monitor individual cow status will be advantageous. Economic forces will continue to bring change to the dairy industry. The manager that plans for change and ensures that the dairy's management programs allow for the most economically efficient production will be in position to adapt to these changes. The well-managed dairy will be able to adopt new, efficiency-enhancing technologies, such as bST, to ensure the continued opportunity to compete in the dairy industry. 相似文献
16.
优质牛奶的充足供给需要以奶牛的健康养殖为基础。益生菌在奶牛饲料中的添加对奶牛的产奶量、乳成分和瘤胃微生态区系均有正面影响,可以通过增加奶牛瘤胃中有益微生物的含量,同时竞争性抑制有害菌的生长定殖,进而提高奶牛的机体健康状况和生产性能。本文对益生菌的功能、作用机制及在奶牛养殖中的应用效果进行阐述,旨在为益生菌的广泛应用提供参考。 相似文献
17.
Parameters for the determination and evaluation of heat stress in dairy cattle in South Africa 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Du Preez JH 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2000,67(4):263-271
Not all parameters are trustworthy and practical to use as parameters to determine heat stress in dairy cattle. The temperature-humidity index (THI) is still the best, simplest and most practical index (parameter) for measurement of environmental warmth which cause heat stress in dairy cattle. It is practical, easy to determine and relatively trustworthy to use body temperature and respiratory rate as parameters to determine heat stress in dairy cattle. These physiological parameters must always be used together with THI values to determine and evaluate heat stress in dairy cattle. For practical purposes, plasma cortisol concentration and milk composition cannot be used as parameters to determine heat stress in dairy cattle although good indications of acute or chronic heat stress can be obtained. Vanillic acid is a break-down product of adrenalin found in milk, but before its concentration in milk can be used as an indicator/parameter of heat stress in dairy cows, more about the pharmacodynamics of adrenaline in the milk has to be known. Selection and breeding of dairy cows on the basis of their adaptibility to heat stress using the most practical heat stress parameters will ensure that their offspring will have superior performance in the prevailing environmental conditions. 相似文献
18.
奶牛养殖过程中,围产期被认为是最重要的时期之一,在该时期奶牛从干奶状态转为泌乳状态,生理上所受的应激造成奶牛泌乳早期采食量降低,易发生能量负平衡.此外,奶牛生产性能和繁殖性能也会降低,并常常伴有一些围产期疾病的发生,如脂肪肝、酮症、乳房炎等.胆碱能影响奶牛的生产与繁殖性能,参与奶牛的脂肪代谢,可降低脂肪肝发生率,提高免疫性能.对围产期奶牛饲喂过瘤胃保护胆碱(rumen protected choline,RPC),可改善奶牛机体代谢,增加小肠胆碱供应,进而提高奶产量、改善乳成分、缓解脂肪肝、减少围产期疾病的发生.本文综述了RPC对围产期奶牛干物质采食量、生产性能、乳成分以及健康状况的影响,旨在为围产期奶牛的养殖提供理论参考依据. 相似文献
19.
20.
从试验牛母亲人工授精开始,到试验牛第一个泌乳期结束,在所有条件相同的情况下,对性控和常规冻精生产的F1代母牛的泌乳量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和体细胞数进行了比较,结果表明,性控冻精生产F1代母牛与同期常规冻精生产的F1代月产奶量和305d的产奶量,以及月平均和305d的平均乳脂率、乳蛋白率和体细胞数差异不显著(P>0.05);305d产奶量、平均乳脂率、乳蛋白率和体细胞数分别为9 419.64和9 494.44、3.62和3.62、3.15和3.18、40.64和41.70。说明性控冻精生产的F1代母牛与常规冻精生产的后代相比,泌乳性能未见异常。 相似文献