四例羊球虫病的诊断与治疗

本文对4例患羊球虫病的患羊进行临床检查、粪便检查、虫体检查,4例患羊均确诊为羊球虫病,通过静脉注射、肌肉注射、口服给药等方式治疗,4例患羊均康复。此次患羊的诊断及治疗为养殖户在该病的诊断和治疗方面提供一定的参考。     

中西兽医结合治疗牛瘤胃臌气的疗效

目的:分析中西兽医结合治疗牛瘤胃臌气的疗效.方法:选取2015年3月-2016年9月50头牛瘤胃臌气患牛为实验组,采用中西兽医结合疗法.选取同期50头牛瘤胃臌气患牛为对照组,单纯给予西医疗法,比较2组患牛的临床治疗效果.结果:实验组患牛临床治疗总有效率为94.0%,对照组患牛临床治疗总有效率为78.0%,χ2值检验结果显示,2组差异明显(P<0.05).结论:中西兽医结合疗法治疗牛瘤胃臌气,效果明显,可提高患牛治疗效果,具有显著应用优势.     

犬甲状腺功能减退症临床诊断与治疗

目的:明确犬甲状腺功能减退症临床诊断与治疗方法。方法:将本中心2018年1月至2019年7月接诊的18例患犬作为研究对象,明确犬甲状腺功能减退症临床诊断与治疗方法。结果:18例患犬经过临床治疗后,有10例患犬治疗效果明显,3例患犬病情好转后转院治疗,5例患犬主人放弃治疗。结论:利用临床诊断与皮肤检查、生化检查、内分泌检测以及血常规检查等手段可以有效的确诊犬甲状腺功能减退症,通过口服左旋甲状腺素钠并结合针对性治疗方法可以有效的控制犬甲状腺功能减退症。     

1例猫瘟的诊断与治疗

文章介绍1例猫瘟的诊断与治疗。患猫出现呕吐、拉稀等症状,采用临床检查、猫瘟病毒抗原快速检测试纸及血常规检查确诊,对患猫进行对症治疗、抗病毒治疗、抗菌治疗结合预后治疗。结果显示,患猫经治疗后,第5 d不再呕吐,体温恢复正常,第7 d粪便正常,后续恢复良好。     

血清C-反应蛋白水平对急性胰腺炎患犬的预后价值分析

本试验旨在研究血清C-反应蛋白水平对急性胰腺炎患犬治疗效果的影响。选取了患犬29例,用ELISA法测定血清中C-反应蛋白(CRP)含量。根据C-反应蛋白水平将上述29例患犬分成2组:CRP升高组(n=19)和CRP正常组(n=10)。通过治疗后发现:伴有CRP升高的急性胰腺炎患犬治疗总有效率显著低于CRP正常的急性胰腺炎患犬,病情恢复较慢;CRP水平与治疗疗程呈正相关关系。结果表明,CRP水平对急性胰腺炎患犬的治疗效果有一定影响。     

同源异体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗犬急性肝功能损伤

探讨同源异体骨髓间充质干细胞(BMMSCs)移植对犬急性肝功能损伤的治疗作用,为犬干细胞治疗相关疾病提供理论基础和技术支持。对患急性肝损伤的10只病犬经超声引导腹腔内肝门附近移植BMMSCs,移植后检测血常规、肝功能和肝脏B超,观察同期的症状体征和不良反应情况。结果显示,干细胞移植7天后可使患犬各项肝功能指标明显改善,10d后B超结果显示肝组织回声均匀,无明显异常,14d后患犬的精神、体力、食欲明显好转,干细胞移植21d后血常规各项指标恢复正常,患犬基本康复,移植干细胞的患犬均未发现有不良反应。说明相对于常规治疗,犬BMMSCs同源异体移植治疗急性肝损伤可明显缩短治疗时间,显著提高患犬生活质量。     

克林霉素治疗猪肺炎霉形体病的疗效观察

目的:分析在猪肺炎霉形体疾病治疗中应用克林霉素的效果。方法:选择患猪肺炎霉形体病的猪66头,按照治疗方式分成治疗组和参照组,各组33头。参照组采用土霉素治疗,治疗组采用克林霉素治疗,对比治疗的效果。结果:治疗组患猪治疗总有效率和参照组患猪相比,明显高于参照组,P0.05。结论:在猪肺炎霉形体病治疗中应用克林霉素,可以提高治疗效果,值得推广。     

不同剂量伊维菌素浇泼剂对猪疥螨病治疗的效果观察

为探讨不同浓度伊维菌素浇泼剂对猪疥螨病的临床效果,并总结其临床意义,选择患猪疥螨病的患猪有120头,按照随机数字表抽取法将其分为3组,每组用药浓度不一,观察对比3组患猪的临床治疗效果。结果表明,3组的治疗效果差异显著,具有统计学意义。采用高剂量的伊维菌素浇泼剂治疗患猪疥螨病症状的猪的治疗效果显著,治愈率高,效果佳,值得临床推广使用。     

治疗腹痛患畜应注意保温

笔者在临床诊治患腹痛的马、骡、驴、牛时发现，患腹痛的牲畜容易发生体热大量损耗，体温下降。在治疗这类患畜时应注意保温升温，尤其是在气候寒冷的冬季，若不注意患畜的保温，常会影响治疗效果。腹痛患畜容易发生体温低下，以笔者之见主要原因是：患畜在腹痛时大量出汗...     

兔螨内疗法

治疗兔螨,大多兔农习惯体外患部涂药治疗,此举虽有疗效,但患兔舔食药物中毒的现象时有发生,常有不少患兔来不及解救则伤身致死。近年来笔者试用内疗法治患兔数     

Alteration of the Endometrial EGF Profile as a Potential Mechanism Connecting the Alterations in the Ovarian Steroid Hormone Profile to Embryonic Loss in Repeat Breeders and High-producing Cows

Poor reproductive efficiency is a worldwide problem that has affected the dairy industry during the last several decades. In an attempt to explain the changes in reproductive physiology caused by high milk production, a model of elevated steroid metabolism in lactating dairy cows has been proposed. A slow increase in levels and low peak levels of estradiol (E₂) and progesterone (P₄) characterize endocrine changes in high producing cows. Similar changes have been reported in the repeat breeder cows. The abnormal changes in E₂ and P₄ concentrations of these cows may cause an improper uterine environment due to disturbed expression of growth factors and cytokines in the endometrium. This review focuses on the alteration in epidermal growth factor (EGF) profile in the endometrium during the estrous cycle. The normal cow has two peaks of EGF concentrations on days 2–4 and 13–14. Low concentrations of EGF on these days distinguished both high-producing and repeat breeder cows from normal cows. Alteration of the EGF profile could be found in 70 and 40% of the repeat breeder and high-producing cows, respectively. Treatment with a high dose of estradiol benzoate and an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device restored the normal EGF profile in about 70% of the affected cows. The cows having a normal EGF profile after treatment showed a higher pregnancy rate than the cows with the altered profile. Further studies to understand the etiology of the alteration in the EGF profile are needed to develop another treatment option and preventive management for this problem.     

Combined GnRH and PGF2α Application in Cows with Endometritis Puerperalis Treated with Antibiotics

The investigations were carried out on a total of 70 cows with puerperal endometritis. In addition to intrauterine antibiotic treatment, 30 experimental animals were administered 20 μg GnRH analogue, buserelin, between days 10 and 12 post‐partum followed by 500 μg PGF_2α analogue, cloprostenol, 10 days later. Forty control cows were treated only with intrauterine antibiotics. Blood samples for progesterone determination were collected from the tail vein twice weekly until day 70 post‐partum. The first rise in progesterone level above 3.18 nmol/l occurred significantly earlier in the experimental than in control cows (21.6 ± 9.2 versus 27.8 ± 12.3 days; p ≤ 0.05). The duration of the first cycle post‐partum was 15.0 ± 4.3 days in experimental and 19.7 ± 7.3 days in control animals (p ≤ 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the occurrence of first oestrus post‐partum. The involution of the uterus was improved after hormone treatment. At day 42 post‐partum, completion of uterine involution was found in 93.3% of hormone‐treated cows and in 82.5% of those treated with antibiotic only (p ≤ 0.05). Clinical recovery was 96.6% in the experimental and 82.5% in the control group (p ≤ 0.05). First service pregnancy rate was significantly better in hormone‐treated than control cows (51.7 versus 36.4%; p ≤ 0.05). Total pregnancy rate and insemination index values were not significantly improved following GnRH and PGF_2α treatment. The average service period was 89.8 ± 21.2 days in cows after hormone treatment, and 112.6 ± 24.5 days in control cows. The difference was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). These results indicate, that the sequential GnRH and PGF_2α application in cows with puerperal endometritis positively affected ovarian function and uterine involution, resulting in improved fertility performance.     

The effect of progesterone alone or in combination with estradiol on follicular dynamics, gonadotropin profiles, and estrus in beef cows following calf isolation and restricted suckling

The effects of calf isolation and restricted suckling on LH pulse characteristics and interval to first ovulation (postpartum interval) were studied in 52 multiparous beef cows, with or without exogenous progesterone. At 30 d postpartum, cows were randomly allocated to one of four treatments (n = 13/treatment): 1) Ad lib, ad libitum access of cows to calves; 2) CI/RS, calf isolation/restricted suckling, where suckling was restricted to once daily; 3) CI/RS+P4, same as CI/RS but cows received an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device at calf isolation for 6 d; or 4) CI/RS+P4+E2, as CI/RS+P4 but the intravaginal progesterone-releasing device had a 10-mg estradiol capsule attached. Daily ovarian scanning and twice-daily blood sampling were performed from d 25 postpartum until the day of second ovulation. A random sample of cows from each treatment (n = 31 in total) were blood-sampled at 15-min intervals for 10 h on d 29, 32, 35, and 38. Ovulatory response to treatment was regarded as ovulation of either the dominant follicle growing at d 30 or the subsequent DF. There was a treatment x day effect (P = .09) on LH pulse frequency, but neither progesterone (CI/ RS+P4) nor progesterone and estradiol (CI/RS+P4+E2) treatment suppressed the calf isolation/restricted suckling-induced increase in LH pulse frequency. The estradiol capsule (CI/RS+P4+E2) delivered sufficient estradiol to delay new follicle wave emergence (treatment x stage; P < .001) and the associated preemergence increase in concentrations of FSH (treatment, P < .05) in cows treated at the postselection stage of follicle wave development, prolonging dominance of the dominant follicle present at treatment initiation (P < .001). The number of cows that ovulated in response to treatment was greater (P < .001) in cows with calf isolation/restricted suckling than in cows suckled ad libitum. Hence, cows assigned to the Ad lib treatment had a longer postpartum interval (P < .001) than cows of the other treatments. Exogenous progesterone treatment increased the frequency of cows exhibiting clinical signs of estrus at first ovulation (P < .001) and reduced the frequency of short estrous cycles (P < .001). We conclude that, in beef cows with calves, a 6-d progesterone treatment does not suppress the calf isolation/restricted suckling-induced increase in LH pulse frequency. Hence, on progesterone withdrawal, the LH pulse frequency is sufficient to stimulate first ovulation, accompanied by overt estrous expression and elimination of a short estrous cycle in most cows.     

An evaluation of simultaneous GnRH and cloprostenol treatment of dairy cattle with cystic ovaries

In a randomized double-blind clinical trial, 75 cows with ovarian cysts were treated with the synthetic gonadotropin releasing hormone, gonadorelin acetate (GnRH). Forty-two of these cows were simultaneously treated with cloprostenol (CP), and the remaining 33 cows received sterile saline. Milk progesterone (P₄) was measured at treatment and two days later. Clinical response 30 days after treatment was determined by palpation per rectum, and estrus and breeding dates were recorded up to 90 days after treatment. Cows were examined for pregnancy by palpation per rectum 40 days or more after breeding. Milk progesterone levels two days after treatment were significantly lower and the 30-day clinical response rate was significantly higher in the GnRH + CP group than in the GnRH group. Intervals to first estrus and to conception, proportion in heat by day 21 after treatment, and pregnancy rate by 90 days did not differ significantly between the groups. The same relationships held in a subset of cows with P₄≥1 ng/mL at treatment. Fewer cows in the GnRH + CP group became pregnant by day 90 after treatment, but this difference was not significant. These results suggest that simultaneous GnRH and cloprostenol treatment of all cows with cystic ovaries cannot be recommended at this time.     

Pregnancy and peripheral plasma progesterone levels in cows inseminated after synchronization of estrus with prostaglandin F2 alpha

Fifteen Holstein cows were treated with two doses of 25 mg of a prostaglandin F₂α (PGF₂α as dinoprost tromethamine) administered intramuscularly 11 days apart. The cows were then divided into three groups and inseminated either at 72, 80 or 72 and 96 hours after the second dose of PGF₂α. Thirteen cows ovulated after the second prostaglandin treatment. Eight cows were diagnosed pregnant by rectal palpation 42 days after insemination but only five calved. PGF₂α induced luteolysis in cows with active corpora lutea as evidenced by the dramatic decreases in the plasma progesterone concentrations after treatment. In contrast, following PGF₂α administration to cows in follicular or late luteal phase the concentrations of plasma progesterone either increased gradually or remained low for several days before increasing to maximal levels. The ovulatory rate after the two doses of PGF₂α11 days apart was high. However, the pregnancy rate after this treatment was influenced by other factors including abnormal ovarian function.     

Body condition and frequency of ovarian cysts in Brown Swiss cows during the first 40 days of lactation

For this investigation 50 Brown Swiss cows from 21 different farms were used. Twenty-five peripartal overconditioned cows (back fat thickness > 38 mm) were compared with 25 peripartal not overconditioned animals (back fat thickness < 38 mm). On days 20, 30 and 40 post partum the ovaries were examined sonographically and 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 days after calving plasma concentrations of progesterone and 17-beta estradiol were determined. In peripartal overconditioned animals 12 ovarian cysts were found while only one cyst was present in not overconditioned cows (P < 0.05). At first examination all ovarian cysts were classified by ultrasound as follicle theca cysts (progesterone < 0.5 ng/ml plasma). Follow examinations resulted in 3 cysts which persisted as theca cysts while 8 cysts became luteinized and 2 cysts completely regressed. There was no indication of increased plasma progesterone and/or estradiol concentrations in overconditioned cows with higher fat deposit before of ovarian cysts had occurred.     

Ovarian Follicular Dynamics in Buffalo Cows (Bubalus bubalis)

Follicular growth in Egyptian buffalo cows was monitored using genital tracts from 200 buffalo cows collected immediately after slaughter. According to the morphological appearance of the corpus luteum (CL), the corresponding oestrous cycle was divided into four stages: A (days 1–4), B (days 5–10), C (days 11–17) and D (days 18–21). Within these stages the follicular population on the ovaries was evaluated and the dominant follicle (DF) determined in all recovered ovaries. The functional status of the DF and the largest sub‐dominant follicles was examined by histological examination in 31 cases, and Radio Immunoassay (RIA) analyses for estradiol‐17β (E₂) and progesterone (P₄) was performed in the follicular fluid in 23 of the DF. The results showed that DFs changed their endocrine character within the stages of the oestrous cycle. The DFs between days 5 and 10 were functionally active (E₂‐dominant; non‐atretic) in most of the cases. Between days 11 and day 17 half of the DFs became functionally inactive (P₄‐dominant; atretic). At days 18–21 all of the DF became functionally active and non‐atretic. In the specimens that carried two large follicles one of them was regularly atretic and P₄‐dominant whereas the other was non‐atretic and E₂‐dominant. Between days 18 and 21 all ovaries examined showed at least one large follicle. These findings suggest that in most of the cases follicular dynamics occurs in two wave‐like patterns in the Egyptian buffalo cows.     

不孕母牛血清抗精子抗体反应与孕酮含量之间的关系

微量滴定板酶免疫法和固相酶染色法分别检测试验组不孕母牛(n=119)和对照组母牛(n=26)包括处女牛、正常空怀母牛和妊娠母牛)的血清孕酮水平和抗精子抗体反应,以研究不孕母牛血清抗精子抗体反应与卵巢功能之间的关系。结果表明:各种原因不孕母牛的血清孕酮含量显著高于处女牛(P>0.05),但与正常空怀母牛和妊娠母牛比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。不孕母牛血清抗精子抗体阳性检出率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),但其抗精子抗体阳性反应血清(n=43)孕酮含量显著低于抗精子抗体阴性反应血清(n=76,P<0.05),而且孕酮含量与抗精子抗体阳性率呈负相关趋势。     

Reproductive performance of seasonally anovular mixed‐bred dairy goats induced to ovulate with a combination of progesterone and eCG or estradiol

Adult goats (n = 32) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments (n = 8, each): (i) progesterone (P₄) + equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), treated with 25 mg progesterone intramuscularly (i.m.) + 250 IU eCG 24 h later; (ii) cronolone + eCG, treated with vaginal sponges ‐ 20 mg cronolone × 7 days + 250 IU eCG at pessary removal; (ii) P₄ + estradiol (E₂), treated with 25 mg progesterone i.m. + 1 mg estradiol 24 h later; (iv) cronolone + E₂, treated with vaginal sponges ‐ 20 mg cronolone × 7 days + 1 mg of estradiol i.m. at pessary removal. Goats were tested for estrus throughout the presence of a buck. Seven days prior and after treatment, an ovarian ultrasonographic scanning was performed to determine ovarian function and structures. An ultrasonographic pregnancy diagnosis was performed on day 30 post‐service. In all groups, 100% estrus response was observed within 96 h post‐treatment. While ovulation occurred in 100% of P₄ + eCG and cronolone + eCG treated goats, the other groups only depicted 50% ovulatory activity (P < 0.05). Pregnancy rate was higher (P <0.05) in the P₄ + eCG and cronolone + eCG groups (88 and 100%, respectively), compared with 38% in P₄ + E₂ and cronolone + E₂ groups. The best treatments were those in which eCG was applied. The P₄ + eCG treatment was a pessary‐free, cheaper and effective protocol to induce ovulation in goats during the seasonal anovulatory period.     

Progesterone Profiles in the Caudal Vena Cava and Jugular Vein in Response to Pulsatile Luteinizing Hormone Stimulation Induced by GnRH Treatment During the Mid-luteal Phase in Lactating Dairy Cows

The aim of this study was to examine whether increased frequency of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses influences luteal progesterone (P₄) secretion by measuring progesterone concentrations at the secreted (caudal vena cava) and circulating levels (jugular vein) in lactating dairy cows. Cows received six intravenous administrations of 2.5 μg of GnRH (gonadorelin acetate, n=4) or 2 ml saline (n=3) at 1-h intervals on 12.4 ± 0.4 (mean ± SE) days after ovulation. Blood samples were collected from the caudal vena cava and jugular vein every 12 min for 12 h (6 h before and after treatment). During the 6 h after treatment, frequency of LH pulses (5.3 ± 0.3 and 3.0 ± 0.0 pulses/6 h) and mean LH concentration (0.50 ± 0.06 and 0.38 ± 0.05 ng/ml) were greater (P<0.05) in GnRH-treated cows than in saline-treated cows. Mean P₄ concentration and amplitude of P₄ pulses in the caudal vena cava during the 6 h after treatment were greater (P<0.05) in GnRH-treated cows than in saline-treated cows, but the frequency of P₄ pulses was not different between the groups. Mean P₄ concentration in the jugular vein during the 6 h after treatment was also higher (P<0.05) in GnRH-treated cows than in saline-treated cows (7.0 ± 1.3 and 5.4 ± 0.9 ng/ml). These results indicate that the increased frequency of LH pulses stimulates progesterone secretion from the functional corpus luteum and brings about higher P₄ concentrations in the circulating blood in lactating dairy cows.