几种山区牧场母牛发情调控技术方案的筛选

试验在山区牧场选择149头母牛进行。分为6组：（1）甲孕酮（MAP）＋孕马血清促性腺激素（PMSG）；2复合孕酮＋米非司＋PMSG；（3）MAP＋PMSG＋复合孕酮；（4）复合孕酮＋黄体酮＋PMSG；（5）黄体酮＋氯前列烯醇；（6）单独氯前列烯醇。试验结果，本试验6组处理对山区母牛发情及受胎率均有明显的影响，以第2组的效果为最好（P〈0．05），而第6组单独注射氯前列烯醇0．4mg处理，母牛的受胎率为0％。不同剂量PMSG多次处理表现出不同的效果。第1组与第2组比较，以较高剂量PMSG处理的为好（P〈0．05），对乏情母牛进行诱导发情，亦以较高剂量（500IU）PMSG处理的为好。     

不同生殖激素对乏情母猪的应用效果试验

通过目前常用的3种不同生殖激素处理乏情母猪的效果比较，证实氯前列烯醇（PGF）＋孕马血清促性胰激素（PMSG）组效果最佳，2周内发情率为93．3％，受胎率为85．7％，分娩率为78．5％，平均窝产仔数9．7头，窝产活仔数9．45头。     

外源性生殖激素对卵巢功能异常奶牛的影响

应用50μg促排卵素3号(IRH—A3)给排卵延迟母牛肌肉注射,0．4mg氯前列烯醇给持久黄体的母牛注射,结果表明,注射LRH-A3的母牛情期受胎率、总受胎率显著高于对照牛,注射氯前列烯醇的母牛发情率、情期受胎率、总受胎率显著高于对照牛。表明LRH-A3,氯前列烯醇均能提高卵巢异常牛的繁殖力。     

激素处理产后母牛对产犊间隔及卵巢状态的影响研究

为了确定促黄体素释放激素A2(LRH-A2)和氯前列烯醇对缩短奶牛产犊间隔的影响,选择产后适宜的激素处理时间,选用51头年产奶量在5 000 kg~6 000 kg的经产荷斯坦奶牛,根据产后的时间分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组(产后2周)、试验Ⅱ组(产后20 d~40 d)、试验Ⅲ组(产后40 d~60 d),分别用LRH-A2、氯前列烯醇或LRH-A2 氯前列烯醇进行处理。并在每组随机选择3头,用B超观测处理前后奶牛的卵巢状态变化。结果表明,奶牛产后2周用LRH-A2处理,有利于缩短产犊间隔。     

使用外源激素提高母猪繁殖性能的研究

将163头7月龄第一情期纯种后备母猪（82头纯种大白猪“Y”与81头纯种长白猪“L”）按品种分别分成4组，（其中一组为对照组）分别使用FSH＋LHRH-A3、氯前列烯醇、HCG等激素进行处理。采用人工授精，统计平均发情率、总受胎率、总产仔率、21日龄平均断奶窝重等指标，对提高繁殖性能的作用进行探讨。结果显示：HCG组催情效果最大，其次是FSH＋LHRH-A3组，而氯前列烯醇组最小，但均与对照组差异显著（P〈0．05）。并且试验组的平均发情率、总受胎率、总产仔率、平均初生重等方面都比对照组高，差异显著（P〈0．05）；注射激素的3个组的21日龄断奶窝重也比对照组有很大提高，差异显著（P〈0．05）。     

应配未配后备母猪的激素诱情配种试验

本试验以①氯前列烯醇②ＰＧ６００③氯前列烯醇＋ＰＧ６００④黄体酮和己烯雌酚＋ＰＧ６００等生殖激素对应配未配的后备母猪进行处理,结果发现,处理③组效果最佳,５９．３％（１６／２７）母猪发情配种,处理①组为３０．３％（７０／２３１）,处理②组为３８．２％（４２／１１０）,处理④组为２３．３（７／３０）。产仔数以处理②组最高,为１０．５±１．４,处理①组为９．４±１．２。     

产后乏情母牛利用药物催情的效果

近年来。我场奶牛繁殖中存在的突出问题之一是奶牛产后乏情,占可繁母牛的26．68％。以往基层兽医一般都单纯应用雌激素来催情,不但没有取得效果,反复应用后还可能引起母牛卵巢囊肿和卵巢萎缩等疾病。为此,我站从1995年开始对不同性质的乏情母牛采用促卵泡素（FSH）、氯前列烯醇等药物诱导发情,取得了较好的效果。1材料与方法1．1诱情药物促卵泡素（FSH）为南京动物激素厂生产,每支100国际单位;氯前列烯醇为上海市计划生育科学研究所生产,每支0．2mg。1．2乏情母牛选自本场产犊后75天以上不发情的母牛。1．3治疗方法1．3．1卵巢机…     

不同激素组合对青年乏情母猪的效果观察

选择双肌臀约克处女母猪48头,随机分成3组,第1组激情多胎+促排3号(LRH-A3):第2组氯前列烯醇(PGF)+孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG);第3组PSSG+催情增胎灵。结果表明,第2 组处理效果较好,情期受胎率与第3组相比,差异显著(P<0．05); 与第1组相比,差异极显著(P<0．01),但3个组合的窝均产仔数和活仔数无显著差异(P>0．05)。     

不同外源激素处理乏情母猪效果对比试验

选取胎次相近的长大乏情母猪120头,随机分为4组,每组30头,在断奶后20天各组分别注射氯前列烯醇、孕马血清促性腺激素（PMSG）、 PG600和律胎素。结果表明,考察的5个指标中,律胎素处理组母猪有4个指标即发情率、受胎率、有效率和产仔数高于其他三个处理组,但平均发情间隔时间较长。 PG600除了受胎率外,其余各个指标均高于PMSG 和氯前列烯醇处理组,但受胎率与其他各组差异不明显。可见,针对本试验猪场的乏情母猪,律胎素和 PG600是较理想的外源催情激素。     

使用外源激素提高大白和长白纯种母猪繁殖性能的探讨

使用FSH +LHRH -A3 ,氯前列烯醇及HCG 4种激素对 5 2头纯种大白猪与 5 2头纯种长白猪的促进发情的作用试验 ,结果显示 :HCG组催情效果最大 ,其次是FSH +LHRHA3组 ,而氯前列烯醇组最小 ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。所有注射激素的 3个组在平均发情率、总产仔数、平均初生重等方面都有很大提高 ,差异显著(P <0 .0 5 )。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.