大豆育种的进展及品种的选用

1我国大豆育种的进展 20世纪80年代以来,在国家科技攻关、863等重大项目支持下,大豆育种取得重大进展。1981～1995年全国共选育大豆品种397个,近10年育成的品种在300个左右。在东北和黄淮两个大豆主产区已实现了3～5次品种更换,品种的产量水平、抗病虫性、品质等方面都有较大提高,尤其在大豆的杂种优势利用上已有重大进展。     

饲料

正黑龙江育出大豆新品种脂肪含量突破24%近日,由黑龙江省农科院牡丹江分院大豆研究所和中国科学院东北地理研究所共同选育的突破性大豆新品种"东生79"通过审定。该品种平均脂肪含量为24.16%,这是黑龙江省自1966年以来审定的485个大豆品种中首个脂肪含量突破24%的品种,同时兼具有早熟、高产、多     

景泰灌区适宜与玉米套种的牧草品种比较试验

比较研究了在景泰灌区玉米套种条件下,燕麦,箭舌豌豆２组共７个牧草品种的生产性能,结果表明,燕麦组各品种产草量差异极显著,以Ｐ２０和永久１２号产量最高,箭舌豌豆组无显著差异,对玉米产量的影响各品种间都无显著差异,通过综合分析,该地区宜选择种植的燕麦品种为Ｐ２０和永久１２号,箭舌豌豆品种可任选其一。     

大豆新品种在昆明地区的引种研究

对引进的4个大豆新品种在昆明进行了试种,观察其物候期和生长特性,测定大豆子实产量和初花期地上生物量,评价营养体营养成分,筛选出适合于昆明地区的优良品种。研究结果表明：在试验地区,中品6171的大豆子实产量极显著高于另外3个品种。中品6171的干物质产量（8580kg／hm^2）最高,优于其余3个品种。大豆子实中品6171的粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量均显著高于另外3个品种。     

授粉品种对黄冠梨坐果及果实品质的影响

为提高黄冠梨果实品质,试验选用4个梨品种为授粉品种,以生长健壮、盛果期的黄冠梨为母本进行人工授粉,测定了不同授粉组合的坐果率、果实外在品质及内在品质等几个主要指标。结果表明：黄冠梨果实在坐果率、果形指数、可食率、 单果重、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物等方面差异显著。综合考虑认为砀山酥梨是适宜景泰地区黄冠梨最适宜的授粉品种。     

大豆新品种菏豆18号通过审定

日前从山东省荷泽市农科院扶悉．经过该院科研人员技术攻关,成功培育出一个高油大豆品种菏豆18号。该品种近日成为山东省农作物品种审定委员会审定通过的三个大豆新品种之一。     

信息之窗

世界首个杂交夏大豆品种育成日前,安徽省农科院作物研究所利用“三系”法培育出世界上首个杂交夏大豆品种。该研究所经过长期夏大豆遗传育种研究,初步展示了杂交大豆的美好前景。杂优豆1号是首个夏大豆杂交种,大面积区域试验和生产试验表明,产量都较对照增加15%～20%以上,且表现出抗性强、品质优等多项杂种优势。有关专家表示,杂交夏大豆的育成这一具有自主知识产权的发明创新,是我国农业科学家对世界农业的一大贡献,对提升中国大豆科研和大豆产业在国际上的地位具有重要的作用。江苏省出入境检验检疫局转基因实验室日前收到国际权威的转基…     

日本大豆引种四川盆地的品质评价研究

将原产于日本的17个大豆种质资源引种至我国四川盆地栽培,并对其引种前后的籽粒品质性状进行分析评价,探究引种大豆在四川盆地的适应性,以期为丰富西南大豆种质资源提供参考。品质性状变异分析结果表明,大豆异黄酮的变异系数大,除苷元外均达到30%以上,而其余性状的变异系数也均大于10%。与引种前相比,各供试大豆的可溶性蛋白含量普遍升高,而脂肪酸、可溶性多糖和异黄酮含量普遍降低。基于引种大豆11个品质性状的主成分聚类分析,将供试的17份种质资源划分为五大类,其中,Ⅰ类大豆为高脂肪酸品种,其生育期适中,亚油酸含量大于55‰,可作为高油脂杂交育种亲本材料加以利用;Ⅲ类大豆为高蛋白型品种,可作为豆制品开发原材料加以利用;Ⅴ类大豆为高异黄酮型品种,可作为功能性成分原料来源加以利用。     

山东省审定通过40个作物品种

近日，山东省农作物品种审定委员会共推荐审定6种作物40个品种。其中玉米14个、棉花10个、水稻1个、大豆5个、花生5个、大白菜5个。     

基因改良植物食品与饲料全球化趋势

源于生物技术并具有产品特性的作物将包括无数经过成分改善的大豆、玉米及其它谷物品种，这些品种是通过常规育种技术和生物技术（重新组合）创造出来的。我们称此类大豆为“增值”品种，以便与一般的商品大豆区别开来。勿庸赘述，这些大豆品种不可与其它大豆品种混杂。我们预计这些新的特性保留大豆、玉米和其它源于生物技术的作物品种会出现在相关出口市场上，因为这些作物品种在以后七年中都将被商业化。 低植酸大豆和玉米 　　为使禽畜达到最佳生长状态，目前多数国家的猪及家禽生产者都在他们的饲料中添加经过提取及加工的磷酸盐。这是…     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.