Reversion of murine sarcoma virus transformed mouse cells: variants without a rescuable sarcoma virus

Murine sarcoma virus transformed mouse 3T3 cells, which are negative for murine leukemia virus and which yield sarcoma virus after superinfection with murine leukenmia virus, spotaneously give rise to flat variants front which murine sarcoma virus can no longer be rescued. The revertants support leukemia viruis growth and show an enhanced sensitivity to murine sarcoma superinfection and, like normal cells, do not release RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. Because revertants could be obtained with high frequency from progeny of single transformed cells, each cell that containts the sarconma virus genome seems to have the capacity to suppress or eliminate an RNA tumor virus native to its species of origin.     

Virus-induced transformation without cell division

Interference with the cell cycle by vinblastine sulfate immediately after cells were infected with Rous sarcoma virus had little effect on the a development of two metabolic changes that occur in transformed cells. These results, along with an earlier demonstration of morphological changes developing in infected nondividing cells, demonstrate that the phenotypic development of the malignant state can occur without the intervention of cell divisions after infection by Rous sarcoma virus.     

Xenotropic viruses: murine leukemia viruses associated with NIH Swiss, NZB, and other mouse strains

Murine leukemia virus activity is present in tissues from NIH Swiss and other mouse strains after cocultivation with nonvirus-yielding rat cells transformed by Harvey sarcoma virus. The resulting pseudotype sarcoma virus has the same type-specific coat as the virus previously isolated from New Zealand black (NZB) mice, and, like the NZB virus, it is unable to infect mouse cells. The results show that this NZB type virus is endogenous in other strains of mice and is xenotropic; that is, it grows only in cells foreign to the host. This is the first clear demonstration that NIH Swiss mice also carry indigenous infectious murine leukemia virus.     

Demonstration of biological activity of a murine leukemia virus of New Zealand black mice

Although New Zealand Black mouse embryo and adult tissues show evidence of murine leukemia viral particles and antigens, efforts to demonstrate biological activity of a murine leukemia virus by standard methods have proved negative. Cocultivation of tissues of these mice with non-virus-yielding hamster cells transformed by Moloney sarcoma virus, however, has resulted in the rescue of a pseudotype sarcoma virus, presumably carrying the New Zealand Black mouse leukemia virus coat. This virus has an unusual host restriction, producing foci of cell alteration only in rat cells.     

Transformation of chick embryo neuroretinal cells by Rous sarcoma virus in vitro: induction of cell proliferation

Neuroretinal cells from 7-day-old chick embryos are transformed and induced to proliferate after infection with Rous sarcoma virus in vitro. Susceptibility of neuroretinal cells to the virus is also dependent on the stage of development since infection of cells from 10-day-old embryos is uneffective.     

Viral RNA subunits in cells transformed by RNA tumor viruses

Single-stranded 35S and 20S viral RNA species are synthesized in virus-producing mouse and rat cells transformed by the murine sarcoma virus. A transformed hamster cell line that does not produce virus synthesizes 35S, but not 20S viral RNA.     

Site-specific increased phosphorylation of pp60v-src after treatment of RSV-transformed cells with a tumor promoter

When vole cells that had been transformed by Rous sarcoma virus were treated with the tumor-promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA), specific phosphorylation of pp60v-src was increased. Partial V8 protease mapping indicated that the increased phosphorylation occurred exclusively on serine residues located in the amino terminus of the molecule. Treatment of cells with dimethyl sulfoxide or 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate did not elicit this response. Two-dimensional tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of pp60v-src immunoprecipitated from untreated and TPA-treated cells indicated that a specific tryptic amino-terminal peptide was hyperphosphorylated.     

乙型脑炎病毒E基因在杆状病毒中的表达

利用PCR方法扩增日本乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)E全长基因,然后将其克隆到杆状病毒转座载体pBac-SC中,筛选重组质粒pBacSC-E,再转化入含有穿梭载体的感受态细胞DH10Bac,经抗性及蓝白斑筛选得到含E基因的重组杆状病毒DNA,以脂质体介导法将此重组杆状病毒DNA转染Sf9昆虫细胞,从而获得重组杆状病毒。用此重组杆状病毒感染Sf9昆虫细胞,经Western-blot检测表明,E基因在昆虫细胞中获得表达,表达蛋白的分子量约53 ku,与预期结果大小一致,且能与日本乙型脑炎阳性血清发生特异性反应,这为进一步研究JEV亚单位疫苗和诊断抗原奠定了基础。     

Antibodies to cell membrane antigens associated with human T-cell leukemia virus in patients with AIDS

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), which has recently occurred at increasing rates in homosexual men, intravenous drug users, and others, is characterized by the development of Kaposi's sarcoma and several opportunistic infections including pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii. Serum samples from patients with AIDS and from matched and unmatched control subjects were examined for the presence of antibodies to cell membrane antigens associated with human T-cell leukemia virus. Nineteen of 75 of the AIDS patients had antibodies directed to surface antigens of Hut 102, a reference T lymphoid cell line infected with leukemia virus, as did two of the 336 control subjects.     

大眼鰤鲈鱼真皮肿瘤病毒（WDSV）辅助基因orfA和orfC多抗的制备及初步应用

【目的】制备大眼鰤鲈鱼真皮肿瘤病毒(WDSV)辅助基因orfA和orfC的多克隆抗体,并用其检测酵母和肿瘤细胞中目的蛋白的表达。【方法】以WDSV基因组序列为模板,PCR扩增WDSV orfA和orfC基因,分别构建其原核表达载体,转化Rosseta（DE3）感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导表达并纯化重组蛋白后,采用皮下多点注射结合耳静脉加强免疫的方法免疫新西兰白兔,制备抗orfA和抗orfC的多克隆抗体,用Western blot法检测抗体的特异性。用制备的多克隆抗体检测orfA和orfC融合蛋白在酵母和HeLa299、SPC-A-1肿瘤细胞中的表达。【结果】PCR扩增获得了WDSV orfA和orfC基因。成功构建了orfA和orfC基因的原核表达载体并进行了诱导表达,orfA和orfC重组融合蛋白以包涵体形式存在;采用皮下注射结合耳静脉加强免疫有效地提高了抗体效价,成功制备得到了兔抗orfA和兔抗orfC血清,抗体效价达1∶8 000～1∶10 000;通过Western blot法,利用上述抗血清分别检测到了原核表达的目的蛋白及酵母和肿瘤细胞中表达的目的蛋白。【结论】制备得到的抗orfA和抗orfC多克隆抗体具有很好的特异性,能够用于原核表达、酵母和肿瘤细胞中表达的目的蛋白的Western blot检测。     

Kaposi's sarcoma cells: long-term culture with growth factor from retrovirus-infected CD4+ T cells

Studies of the biology and pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) have been hampered by the inability to maintain long-term cultures of KS cells in vitro. In this study AIDS-KS-derived cells with characteristic spindle-like morphology were cultured with a growth factor (or factors) released by CD4+ T lymphocytes infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type I or II (HTLV-I or HTLV-II) or with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or 2 (HIV-1 or HIV-2). Medium conditioned by HTLV-II-infected, transformed lines of T cells (HTLV-II CM) contained large amounts of this growth activity and also supported the temporary growth of normal vascular endothelial cells, but not fibroblasts. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulated the growth of the KS-derived cells, but the growth was only transient and these could be distinguished from that in HTLV-II CM. Other known endothelial cell growth promoting factors, such as acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors and epidermal growth factor, did not support the long-term growth of the AIDS-KS cells. The factor released by CD4+ T cells infected with human retroviruses should prove useful in studies of the pathogenesis of KS.     

New method for detecting cellular transforming genes

Tumor induction in athymic nude mice can be used to detect dominant transforming genes in cellular DNA. Mouse NIH 3T3 cells freshly transfected with either cloned Moloney sarcoma proviral DNA or cellular DNA's derived from virally transformed cells induced tumors when injected into athymic nu/nu mice. Tumors were also induced by cells transfected with DNA from two tumor-derived and one chemically transformed human cell lines. The mouse tumors induced by human cell line DNA's contained human DNA sequences, and DNA derived from these tumors was capable of inducing both tumors and foci on subsequent transfection. Tumor induction in nude mice represents a useful new method for the detection and selection of cells transformed by cellular oncogenes.     

Evidence that the v-sis gene product transforms by interaction with the receptor for platelet-derived growth factor

A scheme for partial purification of biologically active v-sis-coded protein from cells transformed with simian sarcoma virus (SSV) has made possible a functional comparison of the transforming protein with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). The SSV-transforming gene product is capable of specifically binding PDGF receptors, stimulating tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGF receptors, and inducing DNA synthesis in quiescent fibroblasts. Each of these activities was specifically inhibited by antibodies to different regions of the v-sis gene product. Moreover, viral infection of a variety of cell types revealed a strict correlation between those cells possessing PDGF receptors and those susceptible to transformation by SSV. These findings provide evidence that SSV-transforming activity is mediated by the interaction of a virus-coded mitogen with PDGF receptors.     

Herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D: human monoclonal antibody produced by bone marrow cell line

Normal bone marrow cells from a donor positive for herpes simplex virus were transformed with Epstein-Barr virus. The resulting lymphoblastoid cell line has secreted immunoglobulin G1 of the kappa type continuously for 2 years. This immunoglobulin, detected both on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm, reacts with cells infected with herpes simplex virus. It defines an antigen that comigrates with the 55-kilodalton glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus type 1 and neutralizes the infectivity of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2.     

Simian sarcoma virus--transformed cells secrete a mitogen identical to platelet-derived growth factor

Normal rat kidney (NRK) cells transformed by simian sarcoma virus (SSV) release into the culture medium a biologically active mitogen with properties identical to those of human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Like PDGF, the growth factor derived from SSV-NRK cells was shown to be stable to heat and sensitive to reducing agents. It was capable of inhibiting binding of labeled PDGF to the receptor on human fibroblasts. It also stimulated the phosphorylation of the same membrane protein (185 kilodaltons) in isolated plasma membranes from human fibroblasts. Immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled proteins released by SSV-NRK cells showed that a 34-kilodalton protein was specifically precipitated by antiserum to PDGF. Upon reduction, this protein had a molecular size of 17 kilodaltons. PDGF has been shown to consist of two 14- to 18-kilodalton proteins linked by disulfide bonds.     

Properties of a normal mouse cell DNA sequence (sarc) homologous to the src sequence of Moloney sarcoma virus

A 15.0-kilobase (kb) Eco RI DNA fragment from normal mouse Balb/c genomic DNA that contains sequences (sarc) homologous to the acquired cell sequences (src) of Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) has been cloned in phage lambda. The sarc region (1.2 to 1.3 kb) of the 15.0-kb cell fragment is indistinguishable from the src region of two isolates of MSV as judged by heteroduplex and restriction endonuclease analyses. The cellular sequences flanking sarc show no homology to other MSV sequences. Whereas cloned subgenomic portions of MSV that contain src transformed NIH-3T3 cells in vitro, the cloned sarc fragment is inactive.     

Immunologic manipulation of metastases due to herpesvirus transformed cells

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), type 2 (HSV-2), and simian virus 40 (SV40) fail to induce immunity in weanling Syrian hamsters to transplant of hamster cells transformed by HSV-2. However, the development of metastatic tumors is markedly enhanced by prior immunization with HSV-1. Immunization with SV40, ultraviolet-irradiated tumor cells, or ultraviolet-irradiated normal hamster embryo cells inhibits the development of metastases. The HSV-hamster system appears a good one for the study of development, prevention, and control of metastases by mammalian cells transformed by a common human virus.     

猪瘟病毒NS3蛋白在真核细胞中的表达与定位

为研究与猪瘟病毒NS3蛋白相互作用的宿主细胞蛋白,采用PCR方法获得NS3基因,将其定向克隆至pCMV-Myc真核表达载体,经酶切鉴定及序列测定分析,将鉴定为阳性重组表达质粒命名为pMycNS3。采用脂质体介导法将pMyc-NS3转染至PK-15细胞和293T细胞,Western blot和间接免疫荧光检测目的蛋白的表达。结果表明,成功构建重组表达质粒pMyc-NS3,Western blot表明,NS3蛋白在PK-15细胞和293T细胞中均得到表达,NS3在PK-15和293T细胞质中呈弥散性分布。说明,成功构建的猪瘟病毒NS3基因与Myc融合表达质粒,为验证NS3蛋白与宿主细胞蛋白相互作用奠定基础。