土壤中磺胺类抗生素的检测方法优化及残留、降解研究

优化了磺胺甲基嘧啶(SM1)、磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM2)、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶(SMT)、磺胺甲噁唑(SMZ)4种磺胺类抗生素的高效液相色谱(H PLC)检测方法,分析了广州市养殖场周边土壤中磺胺类抗生素的残留特征,并进行了2种磺胺类抗生素的土壤降解试验。结果表明,4种磺胺类抗生素分别在0.10~10μg ml-1范围内线性良好,相关系数R>0.99。确定了最佳提取液为甲醇:含EDTA的Mcllvain缓冲液=1∶1(V/V),4种磺胺类药物的检测限与回收率分别为2.9~4.7μg kg-1、83.6%～90.1%。广州市18个规模化养殖场周边土壤中磺胺类抗生素污染以SM2为主,含量为1.75μgkg-1,其它3种均未被检出。土壤中磺胺类抗生素的含量总体呈随培养时间而不断下降的趋势,SMZ的降解速率大于SM2。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定有机肥料中9种抗生素药物残留

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS),同时测定有机肥料中3类9种抗生素(土霉素、四环素、金霉素、强力霉素、青霉素G和普鲁卡因青霉素、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺噻唑)残留,对于有机肥料中抗生素残留的快速检测具有重要的意义。样品用Na2EDTA-Mc Ilvaine缓冲液超声振荡提取后,采用固相萃取小柱净化,高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测,标准曲线外标法定量。采用多反应监测模式检测,除负离子扫描青霉素G外其他均用正离子扫描。方法在0.1、0.5、1.0 mg/kg添加水平下,样品平均回收率为63.1%~93.4%;相对标准偏差为1.7%~9.5%;四环素类药物的方法检出限均可达到0.05 mg/kg,磺胺类和青霉素类药物的检出限可达0.02 mg/kg。本方法简便、快速,重现性良好,可用于有机肥料样品中抗生素残留的快速确证检测。     

施肥方式对蔬菜地土壤中8种抗生素残留的影响

从浙江省杭州、嘉兴和绍兴等3个地级市采集了4种不同施肥方式下(分别为施用畜禽粪+化肥、商品有机肥+化肥、沼渣+化肥和单施化肥)的蔬菜地表层土壤样品44个,分析了4类8种抗生素(包括四环素类抗生素的土霉素、四环素和金霉素,喹诺酮类抗生素的恩诺沙星,磺胺类抗生素的磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶和磺胺甲噁唑及大环内脂类抗生素的泰乐菌素)的残留情况,探讨了施肥方式对蔬菜地土壤中抗生素残留的影响。结果表明,蔬菜地土壤中抗生素的检出率和残留含量与施肥方式密切相关。8种检测的抗生素中土霉素的检出率和残留含量明显高于其他种类的抗生素,土霉素的平均含量占8种抗生素总量平均值的67.03%。抗生素的检出率和平均含量由高至低依次为:土霉素磺胺二甲嘧啶恩诺沙星四环素磺胺甲噁唑、泰乐菌素金霉素磺胺嘧啶;四环素类抗生素磺胺类抗生素。土壤中各类抗生素的检出率及含量均为施用畜禽粪的蔬菜地施用商品有机肥的蔬菜地施用沼渣的蔬菜地单施化肥的蔬菜地,施用畜禽粪的蔬菜地土壤中抗生素残留量明显高于其他蔬菜地。试验结果表明,畜禽粪是蔬菜地土壤抗生素的主要来源,商品有机肥和沼渣的施用对蔬菜地土壤中抗生素的残留也有一定的贡献。     

生物质炭施用及老化对石灰性紫色土中磺胺类抗生素迁移特征的影响

以长江上游低山丘陵区广泛分布的石灰性紫色土旱地的耕作层土壤为对象,采用室内批量平衡吸附试验和填装土柱穿透试验,研究了施用1%生物质炭及3年老化作用对2种磺胺类抗生素(磺胺嘧啶和磺胺二甲基嘧啶)吸附和迁移特征的影响。结果表明,Freundlich方程能更好地拟合抗生素在土壤中的等温吸附曲线,施用生物质炭提高了土壤对抗生素的吸附能力,吸附常数KF值依次为:老化1%施炭土新鲜1%施炭土对照土;土柱出流液的磺胺嘧啶和磺胺二甲基嘧啶相对浓度峰值均表现为:老化1%施炭土新鲜1%施炭土对照土,说明生物质炭的添加能有效减少控制紫色土中抗生素的淋失迁移,以对磺胺二甲基嘧啶的阻控效果较好;生物质炭老化3 a后土壤对抗生素的吸附作用与阻控效果均有所提高,主要归因于土壤pH的提高。     

砂质潮土中五种磺胺类药物的高效液相色谱检测方法

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法(SPE-HPLC)测定砂质潮土中磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲氧嗪、磺胺-5-甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑5种磺胺类药物残留的方法。优化后的色谱条件为:流动相比例为磷酸缓冲液(pH=2.3)∶乙睛=80∶20(V/V),流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长270 nm,柱温35℃,进样体积20μL。在优化条件下,5种磺胺类药物的最低检测限在2.4~4.9μg/kg之间,方法的线性范围为0.2~20 mg/kg,线性相关系数均达到0.999 9。砂质潮土中,在添加浓度为0.5、1.5 mg/kg磺胺类药物时平均回收率范围为70.03%~89.65%,相对标准偏差≤10%,能够满足实际样品的分析要求。     

生物质炭对磺胺类抗生素在坡耕地紫色土中吸附-解吸及淋溶过程的影响

吸附-解吸是影响抗生素类污染物在土壤中迁移转化及生物有效性的重要过程,本文以川中丘陵区坡耕地紫色土为研究对象,通过批量平衡实验和柱实验研究生物炭施用（投加量0(B0)、39.75 (B1)t/hm2和198.75 (B2) t/hm2）及田间老化作用（夏季干湿交替）对三种典型磺胺类抗生素（磺胺嘧啶（SD）、磺胺二甲基嘧啶（SM2）及磺胺甲恶唑（SMZ））在紫色土中的吸附-解吸和淋溶行为的影响。结果表明：在几种处理中,三种磺胺类抗生素吸附强弱的顺序都表现为SD>SMZ>SM2;与B0处理相比,添加生物炭能增加土壤对三种抗生素的吸附能力,其中SM2的吸附显著增加（P<0.05）,但这种促进作用在经过老化过程后有所减弱。在解吸过程中,三种抗生素的Freundlich常数Kf大小顺序为SD>SMZ>SM2,表明SD在土壤中吸附容量最大且不易解吸,其次是SMZ和SM2;相应的迟滞系数H大小顺序为SD相似文献   

广州市兽用抗生素的环境残留研究

畜禽废物中的抗生素可造成土壤及水体的抗生素污染,利用高效液相色谱及高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析了广州市代表性养殖场畜禽废物、施用畜禽粪土壤和鱼塘水中尼卡巴嗪、喹乙醇、四环素类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类、氯霉素类抗生素的含量。结果发现：猪粪、鸡粪中抗生素含量最高的均为四环素类,分别为123.76、14.59 mg.kg-1;含量最低的均为氯霉素类,分别为2.35μg.kg-1、0.08 mg.kg-1;小猪猪粪中抗生素的含量明显高于大猪。鱼塘水中抗生素含量较高的是四环素（5.16μg.L-1）与磺胺对甲氧嘧啶（4.78μg.L-1）,土霉素在所有样点中均未被检出。施用禽畜粪土壤中四环素类、喹诺酮类含量较高,分别为70.40、49.77μg.kg-1;磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑、甲砜霉素、氯霉素、喹乙醇均未被检出。粪样中的抗生素可导致土壤和水体的抗生素污染,TCs、QNs和NCZ可能对生态环境和人类健康安全的威胁更大。     

土壤反硝化对磺胺嘧啶及抗性基因消减的影响

农田土壤中抗生素及抗性基因的复合污染已给生态环境安全和人体健康带来了全新隐患。针对厌氧条件下,反硝化作用过程对土壤抗生素乃至抗性基因消减影响的研究一直相对较少。因而,本研究采集牛粪堆积池塘周边底层农田土壤作为目标污染土壤,重点研究反硝化作用过程对土壤磺胺嘧啶及抗性基因消减动态的影响。结果表明:相较于原始污染土壤处理(T1),添加了NO_3~–-N的处理(T2)可以显著强化土壤和水相中反硝化速率,提升N_2O的产气速率,促进土壤中磺胺嘧啶浓度和抗性基因丰度的快速降低;同时发现土壤反硝化基因(nir K、nir S和nos Z)与磺胺类抗性基因(sul Ⅰ和sul Ⅱ)呈显著负相关(P0.05),说明当NO_3~–-N底物越充足,土壤反硝化细菌活性往往被激活,其反硝化功能基因表达就越活跃,土壤反硝化作用过程就越强烈,从而反馈作用促进磺胺嘧啶抗生素的厌氧消减,进而有助于sul系列抗性基因丰度的显著衰减;同时通过高通量测序技术及对反硝化细菌的分离筛选后,发现变形菌门(Proteobacteria)赖氨酸芽胞杆菌属(Lysinibacillus)的细菌是土壤厌氧反应前后的主导优势菌群,对于强化反硝化过程和促进磺胺嘧啶及sul抗性基因的消减发挥了潜在的积极作用。本研究结果可为探明土壤中抗生素的厌氧消减过程和缓解抗性基因的扩散传播提供新颖的认知基础。     

土壤中土霉素残留的高效液相色谱检测方法

为有效测定土壤中土霉素残留量,建立了固相萃取－高效液相色谱法提取以及测定潮土、红壤、紫色土中土霉素残留量的方法。土壤中土霉素残留经提取缓冲溶液进行有效提取,经过DVB固相萃取小柱纯化、无水甲醇洗脱和氮气流浓缩后,经HPLC测定。对提取缓冲液、流动相以及流动相pH值、有机相与无机相的比例以及流速等测定条件进行优化研究。结果表明：提取液为Na2EDTA-Mcllvaine,流动相为乙腈∶0.01mol/L磷酸二氢钠（pH值2.5,V∶V=10∶90）,温度25℃,流速1.2ml/min,检测波长350nm对3种不同性质的土壤中土霉素残留量的测定最为合适。应用本方法进行土壤中土霉素残留量的测定,土霉素含量与峰面积具有良好的线性关系,相关系数（n=9）分别为红壤0.997,紫色土0.995,潮土0.987;检出限分别为红壤0.11mg/kg,紫色土0.17mg/kg,潮土0.09mg/kg;回收率(n=18)分别为红壤80.7%~128.8%,紫色土70.5%~100.0%,潮土61.5%~103.9%;相对标准偏差(RSD, n=18)分别为红壤7.1%~28.2%,紫色土11.9%~38.1%,潮土4.1%~17.0％。本方法简便、准确,适合于测定不同土壤中土霉素残留量,结果可靠。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定有机肥中四环素类抗生素药物残留

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱(SPE-HPLC)法测定有机肥中土霉素(OTC)、四环素(TC)和金霉素(CTC)3种四环素类抗生素残留的方法。肥料样品采用甲醇、EDTA和McIlvaine缓冲液的混合液(pH=7.2)为提取液,用强阴离子交换柱(SAX)-亲水亲脂萃取柱(HLB)串联进行纯化和富集。采用甲醇-乙腈-0.01mol/L草酸溶液为流动相,进行HPLC分析。3种抗生素的线性范围为0.10～20 mg/L,OTC、TC和CTC的检测限分别为0.03、0.03和0.05 mg/L。不同添加水平的样品加标回收率为64%～86%,RSD在4.14%～8.16%之间。该方法测定了上海市场上40种肥料,发现部分样品有四环素类抗生素的残留物。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.