肉骨粉显微近红外标准光谱库的快速构建方法

利用傅里叶变换显微近红外成像系统,获取了3种不同种属肉骨粉骨颗粒样本的可见光图像和显微近红外图像。采用标记分水岭算法,基于Matlab软件和友好用户界面GUI设计实现图像颗粒的自动化提取与标记,以自动化批处理方式提高了光谱的提取效率,识别率为96.4%。基于颗粒标记,从三维显微成像数据阵中获取单条骨颗粒光谱,以全局马氏距离和邻近马氏距离为指标,提取其中具有代表性的光谱即可构建肉骨粉显微近红外标准光谱库。     

基于NIRS的反刍动物饲料中肉骨粉判别

收集国内常用的、具有代表性的精料补充料和肉骨粉,制备定标集样品235个,外部验证集样品152个.在400～2 498 nm波长范围内进行近红外光谱扫描,选择合适的光谱预处理方法和光谱范围,采用SIMCA方法和DPLS方法分别建立判别分析模型.建立的SIMCA判别分析模型对外部验证集的正确判断率为96.1%,建立的DPLS判别分析模型对外部验证集的正确判断率为100%.与NIRS定量分析精料补充料中MBM的方法相比,定性分析模型能准确判断饲料样品是否掺有MBM.     

基于NIRS的反刍动物饲料中肉骨粉判

收集国内常用的、具有代表性的精料补充料和肉骨粉,制备定标集样品235个,外部验证集样品152个。在400～2498nm波长范围内进行近红外光谱扫描,选择合适的光谱预处理方法和光谱范围,采用SIMCA方法和DPLS方法分别建立判别分析模型。建立的SIMCA判别分析模型对外部验证集的正确判断率为96.1%,建立的DPLS判别分析模型对外部验证集的正确判断率为100%。与NIRS定量分析精料补充料中MBM的方法相比,定性分析模型能准确判断饲料样品是否掺有     

基于近红外高光谱成像的猕猴桃早期隐性损伤识别

为了研究识别早期隐性损伤猕猴桃的方法,以"华优"猕猴桃为对象,以900~1 700 nm范围近红外高光谱成像系统为检测设备,采集了完好无损和隐性损伤1~3 h内猕猴桃的近红外高光谱。研究发现900~1 350 nm内二者的反射光谱具有明显的差异。对此区域进行分段主成分分析,确定1 050~1 200 nm为识别损伤的最佳光谱区域。基于此最佳光谱区域内主成分图像的权重系数及波长间光谱反射值的相关性优选了4个特征波长(1 057、1 090、1 120和1 177 nm)。对该4个特征波长进行了二次主成分分析,并结合中值滤波、阈值分割及数学形态学处理方法提出了早期隐性损伤猕猴桃的识别算法。该算法对70个无损猕猴桃和70个隐性损伤猕猴桃的正确识别率分别为100%和95.7%,平均正确识别率为97.9%。研究结果表明,近红外高光谱成像技术可用于早期隐性损伤猕猴桃的识别。     

基于近红外显微成像的豆粕和抗生素菌渣鉴别分析

以豆粕和3种抗生素菌渣为研究对象,通过傅里叶变换近红外显微成像系统采集样品近红外显微图像;对采集到的近红外显微图像进行光谱重构,并对所有样品光谱进行预处理,利用Duplex算法分别从不同的样品预处理光谱中筛选具有代表性的光谱建立豆粕和抗生素菌渣的特征光谱库。使用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)与支持向量机判别分析(SVM-DA)结合不同的光谱预处理方法,构建豆粕与不同种类抗生素菌渣的近红外显微成像定性判别模型。结果表明:构建的2种模型均能有效对试验中所用豆粕和抗生素菌渣样品进行鉴别分析,正确率均在99.4%以上。进一步比较研究发现,一阶导数+SNV的预处理方式优于无预处理、一阶导数、二阶导数;SVM-DA的模型效果优于PLS-DA,SVM-DA中特征提取方法 PLS优于PCA。     

基于线性判别法的生菜农药残留定性检测模型研究

针对农副产品农药残留超标现象,提出一种快速高效无损检测菜叶农药残留的方法。以4组生菜叶片为研究对象,分别喷洒丙酮和3种不同浓度的乐果农药(乐果和丙酮的体积比为1∶100、1∶500、1∶1 000),利用近红外高光谱成像仪采集生菜样本的高光谱图像(871.61~1 766.32 nm)。在生菜高光谱图像中选取感兴趣区域(ROI)并提取该区域的平均光谱,对ROI内的图像进行主成分分析(PCA)处理,提取PC1、PC2图像的纹理特征。采用连续投影算法(SPA)和主成分分析方法 (PCA)选取光谱数据的特征波长,分别利用线性判别法K最近邻法(KNN)、马氏距离(MD)和Fisher判别分析(FLDA)方法建立基于全波段、特征波段下光谱特征和光谱与纹理融合特征的农药残留检测模型。结果表明,基于SPA特征光谱和主成分图像纹理特征融合信息的Fisher模型较好,训练集和测试集分类正确率分别为98.9%和100%,利用近红外高光谱图像技术结合信息融合及Fisher算法鉴别农药残留等级是可行的。     

基于虚拟仪器技术的田间多光谱视觉系统设计

设计了一套田间多光谱虚拟仪器视觉系统.系统使用高分辨率的多光谱(近红外、红光和绿光)相机MS3100,拍摄作物生长期的多光谱图像,采用Labview及其视觉模块编写图像的采集、处理和分析程序,实时测取作物各个光谱波段的反射率.田间试验表明,该系统可以准确地对图像中的作物进行识别,求取作物的光谱反射特征,在2.4m×1.8m的视窗内,每组图像的采集和处理时间平均为311ms,满足田间精准变量投入的在线工作要求.     

近红外高光谱成像技术的桃轻微损伤早期检测

以"北京8号"桃为研究对象,应用900~1 700nm范围内近红外高光谱成像技术对损伤发生12h后的桃进行损伤早期检测研究。通过光谱比较,确定出识别光谱区域为950~1 350nm。基于此光谱区域,利用主成分分析与独立成分分析不同方法进行降维,结合中值滤波、阈值分割等数字图像处理算法进行损伤区域的检测。对60个正常样本和60个损伤样本进行检测,主成分分析方法对损伤果的识别率为85%,独立成分分析方法对损伤果识别率为96.6%,两种方法对正常果的识别率均为100%。结果表明:近红外高光谱成像技术能有效地进行桃损伤的早期检测。     

近红外光谱柑橘货架期的快速鉴别模型——基于主成分分析神经网络

利用近红外光谱技术进行了柑橘货架期的快速鉴别模型的研究.在两个不同的时间采集从市场上购买的黄岩地区的32个柑橘(同一时间采摘)的近红外光谱,并将不同时间采集光谱时的柑橘的货架期分别定为1类和2类(间隔为10天),对不同货架期的柑橘样品光谱进行主成分特征提取,将提取的特征变量作为神经网络的输入,建立了基于主成分和神经网络的近红外光谱柑橘货架期的快速鉴别模型.所建模型对1类中7个样品货架期的鉴别结果中有4个样品的货架期预测准确率在90%以上;对2类中8个样品货架期的鉴别结果准确率均在90%以上.结果表明,近红外光谱技术可以很好地进行柑橘类水果的货架期的快速鉴别.     

饲料中动物源性成分显微近红外光谱检测分析

探讨了应用显微近红外光谱分析技术检测饲料中动物源性成分的可行性.利用12个动物源性成分饲料样品和14个植物源性成分饲料样品建立偏最小二乘定标模型,数学预处理方法为导数+多元散射校正,利用平均光谱来优化模型实现数据压缩,模型的决定系数、交互验证标准差分别为0.969、0.090.4个配合饲料样品作为外部验证未出现误判.结果表明显微近红外光谱分析技术可用于检测饲料中动物源性成分.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。