穴盘水稻秧苗通过分秧滑道的运动仿真与分析

为了研究所设计的分秧滑道的性能,利用Pro/E和ADAMS软件对穴盘水稻秧苗通过分秧滑道运动进行了仿真。建立了2种秧苗营养土钵模型,球体模型和实际尺寸营养土钵模型。结果发现秧苗在通过分秧滑道圆弧段时其速度、加速度和接触力会发生突变;秧苗通过7条滑道需要的时间最长为0.633 s,最短为0.463 s;当滑道相对竖直平面倾斜2°布置时,秧苗通过滑道的通过性与滑道竖直布置时的差异不大。通过仿真可得到7穴秧苗不同时间点在7条滑道中的运动轨迹,以及在滑道运动的状态下,秧苗通过2组分秧滑道后在田间的定植情况。研究结果为今后分秧机构的进一步优化设计和试验研究提供了参考依据。     

穴盘水稻秧苗拔秧力试验研究

从育秧穴盘中拔秧时,秧苗状况和营养土含水率是影响秧苗脱离穴盘的重要因素。在适宜的营养土钵含水率范围内的机械手拔起穴盘水稻秧苗所需的拔秧力试验表明,1穴秧苗所需的拔秧力为0．4～0．8N,小于1穴1株秧苗茎部所能承受的拔断力（平均为3．732N）;同一穴中秧苗株数对拔秧力基本无影响;多穴秧苗的拔秧力随穴数的增加而增大。营养土含水率越低,拔秧力越大,拔秧效果越差,达到过饱和时,拔秧力也会增加。拔秧时,适宜的营养土含水率为27％～29％（湿基）。     

抓好软盘育秧 推广机械化插秧

目前推广使用的是4～6行手扶式低速插秧机和6～8行乘坐式高速插秧机,对秧苗的要求基本一致。要求秧苗是:①旱育秧(不是传统水育秧、把子秧);②带土移栽;③营养土厚度为2～2.5厘米;④秧苗分     

水稻机械抛秧的经验点滴

根据使用ZZPY──C型水稻抛秧机械抛秧试验，其作业成功与否，质量好坏的影的重要环节；②在于秧苗营养钵含水率；③抛秧均匀度、密度，在于喂秧手；④秧苗入土深度，在于整地。一、育秧技术要点1．选用良种，适时育秧要因地制宜的选用良种，要选栽培技术成熟增产性能稳定的良种。育秧则应在新翻期前18～20天适时播种，一般接麦茬的宜在5日底前播种结束；稻种在播前要用50PPM多效唑和线菌清浸种两昼夜后，焐种崔芽露白再播种。2．精做秧地，均匀播种要选择排灌、运秧、取营养土方便的平坦田块，按1：35备足秧田。若用营养上作盘上的，宜…     

机插水稻育秧技术

一、机插秧苗的基本要求机插秧苗须具备两方面的基本要求,一是秧块标准,秧苗分布均匀,根系盘结,能适合机械栽插;二是秧苗个体健壮,无病虫害,能满足高产要求。机械插秧所使用的秧苗是以营养土为载体的标准化秧苗,秧苗育成后根系盘结,形成毯状秧块。秧块的标准尺寸为长58cm,宽28cm,厚2cm。其中宽度与厚度最关键,若宽度大于28cm,秧块会卡滞在秧箱上使送秧受阻,引起漏插,不足28cm同样会导致漏插;秧块的厚度过厚或过薄,都会导致植伤加重,影响栽插质量。在软盘育秧过程中,可以通过标准化的硬盘或软盘来保证秧块的标准尺寸。双膜育秧则在栽插起秧时…     

水稻机械化抛秧的学问

水稻抛秧栽培技术是采用钵体育苗盘或纸筒育出根部带有营养土块的、相互易于分散的水稻秧苗,或采用常规育秧方法育出秧苗后手工掰块分秧,然后将秧苗连同营养土一起均匀撒抛在空中,使其根部随重力落入田间定植的一种栽培法。水稻抛秧栽培技术具有省工、省     

机械手式水稻有序行抛机构的设计

为了适应水稻抛秧移栽新种植模式，研制了一种机械手式水稻有序行抛机构，该机构可将工厂化穴盘育秧秧苗自动拔起并按株距、行距有序地定植于田间。借鉴工业通用机器人原理，设计了一种夹子式机械手，该机械手通过单片机编程控制进行全自动取秧。采用一组空间曲线滑道分秧，可达到秧苗移栽的农艺要求。     

水稻机械抛秧的几点经验介绍

根据我市一年来使用2ZPYC型水稻抛秧机机械抛秧试验,把机抛作业成功与否、质量好坏的影响因素总结为三句话:秧苗能否抛得出,在于秧苗营养钵含水率;抛秧均匀度、密度,在于喂秧手;秧苗入土深度,在于整地。 1.秧苗营养钵含水率是机抛成功与否的关键。 据我市试验,当秧苗营养钵土壤(土壤为淡深泥田土)含水率大     

水稻机械化插秧技术探讨

1．水稻机械化播种技术应用 机械用秧的秧苗质量是保证机插质量的关键。要求秧块土层厚度均匀一致,秧块四角垂直方正,苗齐苗匀,苗高适宜,茎部粗壮,根系盘结,提起不散。 育秧采用大棚软盘育秧、自动喷灌。 育秧主要包括种籽处理、营养土配制、整地做床、精量播种、秧苗管理等技术环节。     

水稻机插育秧技术

根据机械插秧对秧苗的要求,介绍软盘育秧中营养土制备,播种密度,秧龄,秧板宽度、厚度等应注意关键技术环节。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。