利用ZXX-65真空循环熏蒸设备熏蒸仓储害虫的研究

用ZXX-65真空循环熏蒸设备在不同真空压力、熏蒸时间、药剂浓度条件下对选定的典型仓储实验试虫进行熏蒸，根据杀虫效果，筛选出害虫的最优熏蒸条件组合。结果表明，ZXX-65真空循环熏蒸设备可以在2h内杀死各种仓储害虫。40000Pa，60g/m^3，2h为仓储害虫的最优熏蒸条件组合。     

真空熏蒸对种子发芽的影响

利用ZXX-65真空循环熏蒸设备对23种蔬菜、花卉和林木种子进行了真空熏蒸实验.结果表明,真空熏蒸(5000Pa)对种子的发芽率影响较小;一些种子的发芽期产生提前或推后,但幅度很小(1～2d);发芽后幼苗均生长正常.在满足除害处理要求的前提下,真空熏蒸对种子基本不会产生药害,可以用于种子检疫除害快速处理.     

熏蒸剂硫酰氟及熏蒸处理设备在我国的开发研究

本文主要是介绍农业部植检所和有关研究单位与应用单位协作进行硫酰氟的应用技术方面的研究结果。具体介绍硫酰氟对植物、仓储害虫、林木蛀干害虫的毒性,对高等动物的毒理以及中毒治疗方法;硫酰氟熏蒸后的暂时残留和永久残留的分析测定结果;硫酰氟的常压和真空熏蒸技术及其在农林、植物检疫、卫生检疫、外贸、文史档案、轻纺、城建等方面大规模应用。另外简介圆筒仓循环熏蒸设备,手动式ＺＸ—３５０型、半自动式ＣＫ－ＺＸ—１５００型真空熏蒸机及有害生物处理机的开发研制及应用     

出口鲜切花的溴甲烷与二氧化碳气调熏蒸灭虫试验

使用溴甲烷和二氧化碳对15种切花及主要携带的蚜虫、蓟马、叶螨进行熏蒸试验.结果表明:在22℃条件下,熏蒸处理2h,35 g/m3、40 g/m3、45 g/m3可分别100%杀死蚜虫、蓟马、叶螨.45 g/m3对供试花卉品质有影响.溴甲烷配合二氧化碳对花卉害虫熏蒸处理结果表示,5%二氧化碳对澳甲烷熏蒸处理花卉害虫的效果有增效作用.在22℃下采用40 g/m3溴甲烷和5%二氧化碳处理2h能100%杀死鲜切花同时携带的蚜虫、蓟马、叶螨,且对供试花卉影响甚微.     

木材帐幕熏蒸技术的研究

为严防俄罗斯林木检疫性有害生物随原木传入境内，本文以火车载的俄罗斯进境木材为对象，用溴甲烷对原木进行了熏蒸处理试验。在环境温度15℃以上，采用了不同的投药剂量和熏蒸时间进行试验。通过熏蒸效果系列检测，投药剂量100g/m^3、80g/m^3、60g/m^3、50g/m^3、经12h熏蒸，对天牛、小蠹、吉丁虫的幼、成虫、叶甲成虫等害虫死亡率为100%，投药剂量50g/m^3、熏蒸12h为最佳剂量和熏蒸时间。同时对影响熏蒸效果的某些因子也进行了研究。     

应用真空熏蒸技术杀灭蔗扁蛾

利用真空熏蒸技术对受蔗扁蛾Opogona sacchari Bojer危害的发财树进行了真空熏蒸处理.结果表明,在真空条件下,仅需要较低的熏蒸剂量在较短的时间内即可全部杀死发财树里的蔗扁蛾,杀虫效果达100%,达到快速、高效、安全、环保的要求.为花卉害虫的处理提供了一种新的方法.     

溴甲烷熏蒸处理鲜切花及其害虫的试验

使用溴甲烷对16种切花及主要携带的南美斑潜蝇、棉蚜、二斑叶螨及花蓟马等害虫进行熏蒸试验。结果表明：如仅带有蚜虫或蓟马，所有供试切花均可进行熏蒸处理；如带有叶螨或斑潜蝇，金鱼草、菊花和孔雀草不宜熏蒸，玫瑰、勿忘我、康乃馨、百合、马蹄莲、情人草、非洲菊、剑兰和石斛兰可以熏蒸，满天星、天堂鸟、橙菠萝和紫罗兰在21℃下以36g/m^3，1．5h处理，对品质有轻度影响，但可100％杀死叶螨及斑潜蝇的成虫、幼虫和蛹。由于斑潜蝇卵的耐药性比其它虫态要强，对带有斑潜蝇卵而耐药性较差的切花，可以在采收后于室温下放置1～3天，待卵孵化后再进行熏蒸处理。     

圆筒仓溴甲烷循环熏蒸技术研究

筒仓贮粮可节省大量土地，是仓贮粮食的发展方向之一。筒仓循环熏蒸可使熏蒸剂蒸气分子在短时间内分布均匀，达到有效杀虫目的。可解决港口散装粮大船熏蒸难于彻底、延长船停泊时间、损失大量外汇诸问题。国内现有筒仓配备循环熏蒸设备，既可安全有效地熏蒸灭虫，也可以用于粮食通风降温或气调保粮杀虫等用途。试验证实：循环换气每小时２～３次。管道内风速１８ｍ／ｓ左右，粮堆内风速０．０２～０．０４ｍ／Ｓ等参数设计风机、药剂气化装置、除尘装置、阀门。水泥圆筒仓经气密性改造，配备溴甲烷循环熏蒸设备。试验得出空仓气密性压力衰减情况，仓贮小麦循环时各层次压力变化资料。试验提出溴甲烷防治仓贮害虫的ＣＴ值（ｇ／ｍ３×ｈ）。粮温１０～１５℃ＣＴ值６７０～７００，１６～２０℃，５００～５２５，２１～２５℃，４３５～４６０。谷斑皮蠹应适当延长处理时间或增加药量。     

减压条件下溴甲烷对松褐天牛熏蒸效果的研究

利用XMG-35真空熏蒸库在11～21℃和减压条件下,选择不同压力和浓度梯度,对含有松褐天牛(Monochamus alternatus Hope)幼虫的黑松(Pinus thunbergii)木段进行4h的溴甲烷熏蒸处理,投药后循环20min,将库内气压立即回升至95kPa。结果表明,松褐天牛幼虫的杀灭效果和环境温度、压力、投药剂量有关,在其他条件相同的情况下,压力越低,对松褐天牛的杀灭效果越好;在相同条件下,保持30kPa状态20min再将气压缓慢回升至95kPa,对松褐天牛的杀灭效果介于常压熏蒸与减压后快速回压熏蒸之间。     

甲酸乙酯对三种主要仓储害虫的熏蒸作用

为明确甲酸乙酯对仓储害虫的实际控制效果,避免二氧化碳对熏蒸作用的影响,该研究利用循环熏蒸系统(FTFS),测定甲酸乙酯对米象、赤拟谷盗、谷蠹三种主要仓储害虫混合虫态的熏蒸作用.结果表明:在25℃、70%RH条件下,甲酸乙酯43.34、80.72、99.08、117.74、146.49mg/L 熏蒸处理6 h,对赤拟谷盗和谷蠹混合虫态有很好的控制作用,死亡率大于95.96%;甲酸乙酯80.72、99.08、117.74、146.49mg/L处理对米象混合虫态的杀虫效果较好.甲酸乙酯对米象蛹的杀虫效果较差.     

我国栎类植物蛀干蛀果害虫及其天敌多样性研究进展

蛀干蛀果害虫是威胁我国栎类森林生态系统安全的重要因素。本文针对我国栎类植物蛀干蛀果害虫的物种多样性、地理分布情况、高风险外来入侵性害虫种类及其寄生性天敌种类进行了综述。目前我国有150余种栎类植物蛀干蛀果害虫,其中以天牛科Cerambycidae害虫最多,有64属96种,其次为小蠹科Scolytidae害虫,有13属29种;有10余种高风险入侵性害虫需加以重点防范;这些害虫的寄生性天敌目前仅报道了20余种。今后应在栎类植物蛀干蛀果害虫的分布区系、天敌资源调查、害虫及其天敌遗传多样性和害虫暴发关键诱发因子等方面开展更深入的研究。     

溴甲烷对松木片中松材线虫的熏蒸作用

采用二次正交旋转组合设计,在室内条件下研究了溴甲烷剂量、熏蒸处理时间和处理温度对松木片中松材线虫熏蒸效果的影响。结果表明,溴甲烷剂量是影响熏蒸效果的最主要因子;14、18 ℃和22 ℃条件下处理24 h,松材线虫死亡率达99.9%时的溴甲烷浓度分别为17.92、16.07、14.87 g/m3; 14、18、22 ℃条件下,松材线虫死亡率达99.9%时,溴甲烷浓度和时间乘积,即CT（99.9）分别为192.52、174.705、166.229 g•h/m3。溴甲烷可用于口岸松木片中松材线虫的除害处理。     

溴甲烷熏蒸对山楂叶螨和桃蛀果蛾的毒力研究

苹果是我国的重要出口水果,山楂叶螨(Tetranychus viennensis Zacher)和桃蛀果蛾(Carposinasasakii Matsumura)在苹果主产区广泛分布,严重威胁我国苹果出口。为确定溴甲烷检疫处理山楂叶螨和桃蛀果蛾的技术指标,本文系统测定了一系列温度条件下溴甲烷对山楂叶螨成螨和富士苹果中桃蛀果蛾老熟幼虫的毒力,确定在5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃和25℃下,溴甲烷熏蒸山楂叶螨死亡率达到机率值9所需浓度时间乘积(CT值)分别为126.66、84.35、59.15、45.23和40.33mg.h/L,溴甲烷熏蒸桃蛀果蛾死亡率达到机率值9所需CT值分别为128.05、81.80、52.91、41.56和36.43mg.h/L。根据上述结果,建议采用10.0～14.9℃40g/m3 2h、15.0～19.9℃32g/m3 2h、20.0～24.9℃24g/m3 2h和大于25.0℃20g/m3 2h作为出口苹果的溴甲烷熏蒸处理技术指标。     

Biomass evaluation of concealed insect pests at parasitism based on allometric scaling laws

In general, it is difficult to evaluate host resource utilization of parasitoids by examining the biomass of concealed wood borers at parasitism, because the larval tissues of parasitized hosts observed in field surveys are often almost completely consumed. This work explored a precise and convenient method for evaluating the biomass of concealed wood-boring insect pests after they are parasitized. Allometric scaling laws were used to determine mathematical relationships between larval weight and other size variables in two host insects: the emerald ash borer [EAB], Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, and the oak long-horned beetle [OLB], Massicus raddei (Blessig). These insects are hosts of the parasitoid Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Our results showed that body weight among different instars was significantly different for both host species, with greater overlap between neighboring instars. Mean larval weight had a highly significant exponential relationship with instar number. EAB larval weight showed a highly significant power relationship to body length and width, width of the prothoracic plate, peristoma width, urogomphus length, and anteriormost width of the urogomphus. Significant power relationships were also observed between OLB larval weight and body size parameters (including body length, length of the mesothoracic spiracle, width of the prothoracic plate, distance between the main ocelli, and mandible length). These findings indicated that host biomass could be easily calculated if any one size variable could be measured at the time of parasitism. Allometric methods provide a precise means of evaluating time-specific biomass of concealed wood borers.     

进口原木携带的截材小蠹属昆虫的检疫鉴定

本文介绍了我国口岸进口木材中多次截获的截材小蠹属(Truncaudum Hulcr and Cognato,2010)昆虫,对口岸常见该属具有重要经济和检疫意义的种类,提供重要形态特征描述和图片,并对该属所有种类进行简单介绍,包括重要鉴别特征、分布等信息,以期为口岸一线的检测鉴定提供参考。     

进口原木携带的唐氏小蠹属昆虫的检疫鉴定

本文介绍了我国口岸进口木材中多次截获的唐氏小蠹属(Debus Hulcr and Cognato,2010)有害昆虫,对口岸常见该属具有重要经济和检疫意义的种类,提供重要鉴别特征描述和图片,并对该属所有种类进行简单介绍,包括重要鉴别特征、寄主、分布等信息,希望能为口岸一线的检测鉴定提供参考。     

Seeking alternatives to probit 9 when developing treatments for wood packaging materials under ISPM No. 15

ISPM No. 15 presents guidelines for treating wood packaging material used in international trade. There are currently two approved phytosanitary treatments: heat treatment and methyl bromide fumigation. New treatments are under development, and are needed given that methyl bromide is being phased out. Probit 9 efficacy (100% mortality of at least 93 613 test organisms) has been suggested as an evaluation criterion for new wood treatments, and is based on fruit fly research. We question requiring probit 9 efficacy for wood pests (insects, nematodes and fungi) and discuss challenges to meeting this requirement. Instead, we suggest a 3‐step, laboratory‐based alternative approach. Step 1 involves laboratory experiments (screening) to estimate the lethal dose for the most tolerant stage of each target pest. We consider each infested piece of wood as an experimental unit, not the individual pests, to avoid pseudoreplication. Step 2 requires replicated experiments (with no survivors) at the estimated lethal dose. We suggest a minimum sample size of 60 experimental units, which achieves 0.95 statistical reliability at the 95% confidence level. Step 3 entails studies under simulated operational conditions using wood samples similar in size to wood packaging material and infested to levels that reflect field conditions.     

10th EPPO Workshop for Phytosanitary Inspectors, Sankt-Peterburg, RU, 1999-10-25/29

The 10th Workshop for Phytosanitary Inspectors provided the opportunity for inspectors from 27 countries to exchange experiences on working procedures, as at other annual EPPO workshops of this type. It was also the occasion for a detailed presentation of the structure and activities of the State Plant Quarantine Service of the Russian Federation, with particular reference to the complex structure of the different elements of the service in a large federal country, phytosanitary regulations, phytosanitary certification procedures, inspection procedures, interceptions, bilateral agreements, fumigation and special aspects arising from the export of wood. Contributions from the EPPO Secretariat and from other countries also related to phytosanitary regulations for wood, inspection procedures and the problems arising from the wood trade.