散养孔雀球虫病的防治

对本园内 50 0多羽散养的成年孔雀粪便抽样检查 ,结果 ,球虫感染率达 1 0 0 %,感染强度OPG=1 341 6.67± 1 3896.63,范围 50 0 0 - 7460 0。采用克球粉预混剂 ( 1 0 0× 1 0 -6)拌料喂服 1周后 ,球虫阳性率由 1 0 0 %下降为 62 .5%,转阴率和减少率分别为 37.5%和 92 .0 5%。     

黑白花奶牛静脉血血气分析

用IL 130 2型血气分析仪对 2 1头黑白花奶牛的静脉血血样进行血气分析。结果 :pH7 35± 0 0 3,Pco2 4 .82± 0 52kPa ,Po2 3 79± 0 57kPa ,O2 S % 50 6 1± 10 .0 8,HCO3- 2 0 12±2 .71mmol/L ,Tco2 2 1 18± 2 81mmol/L ,BE 5.0 2± 2 45mmol/L ,SBE 6 .14± 2 .82mmol/L ,SBC2 0 2 2± 2 0 5mmol/L     

青海湖裸鲤血液指标的测定

采用常规法对青海湖裸鲤 10项血液指标进行了测定。结果 :RBC ,1.2 8± 0 .2 7× 10 1 2 L ;WBC ,31.99± 3.41×10 9 L ;Hb ,71.8± 11.4g L ;血清指标 :总蛋白 5 2 .92± 8.74g L ,总脂 9.77± 2 .30g L ,胆固醇 5 .97± 2 .0 6mmol L ,血糖 10 .0 9±3.5 6mmol L ,无机磷 3.17± 0 .6 5mmol L ,Mg++0 .74± 0 .2 1mmol L ,Ca++2 .84± 0 .18mmol L。     

西宁市某奶牛场青年荷斯坦奶牛胰脏功能研究初探

对西宁市某奶牛场 40头 1 0～ 2 2月龄的青年荷斯坦黑白花奶牛的血液、尿液中的肌酐含量和淀粉酶活性 ,进行了测定 ,结果表明所测奶牛的血清肌酐含量为 ( 1 .2 3±收稿日期 :2 0 0 1 -2 -1 2作者简介 :王　凯 (1 963 -) ,男 ,青海畜牧兽医学院教授 ,主要从事兽医临床教学、科研工作。0 .2 8) mg/d L,血清淀粉酶活性为 ( 1 31 .0±33.3)苏氏单位 /1 0 0 m L;尿肌酐的含量为( 2 3.43± 5 .2 4) mg/dl,尿淀粉酶活性为( 5 5 .5± 33.1 )苏氏单位 ;淀粉酶和肌酐清除率 ( CAMS/CCR)比值为 ( 4 .2± 2 .2 ) %     

青海八眉猪仔猪12项血液指标测定

对青海省 43头八眉猪仔猪的 12项血液指标进行了测定。结果为 :RBC ,7 0 5± 1 4 1× 10 1 2 L ;PCV ,0 4 2± 0 0 6L L :Hb ,12 6 3± 2 0 .82g L ;全血钾 ,5 0 36± 6 2 4mmol L ;血浆钾 ,6 31± 0 6 3mmol L ;;血浆总钙 ,2 0 9± 0 2 6mmol L ;血浆无机磷 ,1 5 7± 0 4 1mmol L ;血浆氯 ,10 5 9± 11 84mmol L ;血浆总蛋白 ,74 6 2± 5 11g L ;血浆白蛋白 ,45 2 0± 9 2 0g L ;血浆球蛋白 ,2 9 4 1± 8 32g L ;A G ,1 70± 0 6 2。且公、母猪之间的各项血液指标都没有显著差异。     

提高奶牛繁殖性能的若干途径

奶牛繁殖性能的高低 ,直接影响到奶牛的产犊间隔 ,产奶性能的发挥和奶牛生产的经济效益。现将国内外有关提高奶牛繁殖性能方面的研究成果简述如下。1　补给维生素母牛于分娩后第 1ｄ开始肌注维生素Ａ 10 0万ＩＵ(每百千克体重 2 0万ＩＵ) ,间隔 10ｄ注射 1次 ,共注射 3次。试验组母牛子宫内膜组织学和组织化学检查均恢复较快和较好 ,产后恶露排除的天数、性器官复旧和性周期重现的时间分别为 10 3± 1 6ｄ ,2 5 4± 1 5ｄ和 32 5± 1 9ｄ ,对照组分别为 17 8±0 9ｄ、5 2 3± 1 9ｄ和 5 6± 4 3ｄ。至试验终了 ,试验组 30头母牛妊娠 2…     

牙鲆幼鱼饲料蛋白质需要量

为测定牙鱼平幼鱼饲料中的适宜蛋白质需要量进行了 8周投饵试验。使用鱼平均体重 (4 .1±0 .0 2 )g ,分别投喂含粗白质 35、4 5、5 0、5 5、6 5 %的饲料 ,日投饵率为鱼体重的 4 %～ 5 %。试验结束测出投喂含蛋白质 5 5 %饲料的鱼增重和饲料效率显著高于投喂含蛋白质 35 %和 4 5 %饲料的鱼 ,但与投喂蛋白质含量 5 0 %和 6 5 %饲料的鱼相比无显著性差异。蛋白质效率与饲料蛋白含量呈反相关。线性分析表明 :牙鱼平幼鱼增重最高时的饲料蛋白质含量为 5 1 % ,而多矩回归分析表明 :牙鱼平幼鱼最佳生长时的饲料蛋白质含量为 4 6 %～ 5 1 % ,含能量1…     

产后正常奶牛子宫内细菌的研究

研究不同产后时期正常奶牛子宫内细菌的数量变化、种类及细菌与子宫复旧的关系。实验发现 ,产后第 2 ,7,14,2 4d子宫内细菌平均数量为 (1.91±0 .44 )× 10 5,(3.93± 1.6 1)× 10 6,(3.40± 0 .94)× 10 3 ,(2 .49± 2 .92 )× 10 2 个/mg子宫样品 ,而产后 39d时子宫内细菌数量均小于 1× 10个 /mg子宫样品 ;共分离到细菌 5 7株 ,其中葡萄球菌 2 4株 (占 42 .1% )、大肠杆菌 11株 (占 19.3% )、链球菌 7株 (占 12 .3% )、芽孢杆菌 8株 (占 14% )及微球菌 7株 (占 12 .3% ) ;经直肠检查在产后 39d时所有受试牛均完成了子宫复旧。结果表明 :细菌从分娩前的无菌状态增加到最高点较迅速 ,约 7d左右 ,而下降比较缓慢 ,到复旧完成 (39d)时 ,才接近于无菌状态 ;产后奶牛子宫内的细菌有葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌、芽胞杆菌和微球菌 ;产后子宫内一定数量的细菌对子宫复旧无显著影响。     

南江黄(山)羊血气分析

用血气分析仪对 2 2只南江黄 (山 )羊进行血气分析 ,结果 :pH 7.3 3± 0 .0 4,Pco2 5 .2 4± 0 .3 9kPa ,Po2 3 .5 4± 0 .5 0kPa ,HCO-32 0 .89± 1.62mmol L ,Tco2 2 .11± 1.65mmol L ,BE -4 .10± 1.98mmol L ,SBE -5 .2 6mmol L ,SBc 2 0 .2 1± 1.5 6mmol L ,O2 s(% ) 45 .1± 8.73。表明Pco2 、Po2 、O2 s(% )在不同性别 ,不同年龄组之间存在显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )和极显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。     

羽扇豆作为虹鳟鱼的饲料蛋白源

澳大利亚水产科研人员配制了 3种等氮等能量饲料网箱养殖虹鳟进行了生长对比试验。饲料中分别用脱脂黄羽扇豆或大豆代替 35 %或 5 0 %的鱼粉 ,饲料粒径 4mm ,长 5mm ,试验用虹鳟平均个体重 85g ,1 5个网箱规格均为 1 75 0mm× 1 75 0mm×1 5 0 0mm ,养殖水温 1 5 .5℃ ,投饵试验 1 0周。测出投喂黄羽扇豆代替 5 0 %鱼粉饲料的虹鳟生长最好 ,个体重为 32 3g ,与投喂脱脂大豆代替 5 0 %鱼粉饲料的虹鳟个体重近似。投喂羽扇豆饲料的虹鳟成活率为 88.9% ,而投喂鱼粉饲料的鱼为 4 4.7%。投喂黄羽扇豆的虹鳟日摄食量为 5 .5 8g/d ,投喂鱼粉饲料的…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.