顶孢霉Ahy1菌株孢子乳悬剂的配方筛选

采用室内生物测定的方法,从7种食用油,5种乳化剂,5种紫外保护剂和3种抗生素中筛选适合于顶孢霉Ahy1分生孢子粉乳悬剂的助剂配方。结果表明,姜油与顶孢霉Ahy1分生孢子粉混合贮130 d,分生孢子的萌发率最高,对孢子的生物活性无明显影响。在乳化剂、紫外保护剂和抗生素的筛选中, 综合与Ahy1分生孢子粉的湿润力和生物相容性,选择吐温〖CD*2〗80与OP〖CD*2〗10的混剂为Ahy1孢子悬浮剂的乳化剂,十二烷基硫酸钠为湿润剂,腐植酸为紫外保护剂,硫酸链霉素为抗生素。以上助剂与顶孢霉孢子粉均有良好的生物相容性。     

常用杀螨剂与顶孢霉Ahy1菌株的相容性及协同作用

为了筛选与顶孢霉菌株相容的化学杀螨剂,本文采用孢子萌发法和菌丝生长速率法,测定了哒螨灵、虫螨腈和螺螨酯对顶孢霉孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响及协同效应。结果表明:哒螨灵、甲氰菊酯、四螨嗪、氟虫脲、螺螨酯、虫螨腈、螺虫乙酯在不同浓度下对顶孢霉孢子萌发和菌丝生长均有不同程度的抑制作用,哒螨灵、虫螨腈、螺螨酯与顶孢霉混用对二斑叶螨有一定的协同作用。哒螨灵、虫螨腈、螺螨酯在高浓度下(25μg/mL、0.83μg/mL、60μg/mL),对顶孢霉孢子萌发的抑制率分别为27.67%、27.83%和29.22%,对菌丝生长抑制率分别为20%、18%和18%,抑制作用较低,有较好的相容性;25μg/mL哒螨灵、0.83μg/mL虫螨腈、60μg/mL螺螨酯与含孢量为1×106个/mL顶孢霉复配处理二斑叶螨11d,对二斑叶螨的致死效果明显大于单用顶孢霉的处理,3种药剂与顶孢霉复配剂对二斑叶螨的半数致死时间(LT50)分别为5.38、5.41、5.79d,较单用半数致死时间缩短了4.19、4.16、3.78d,提高了顶孢霉的杀螨速度。     

顶孢霉Ahy1营养条件的初步研究

顶孢霉(Acremonium hansfordii)在PDA、淀粉琼脂、查彼氏、萨氏培养基和萨氏蛋黄培养基上培养,萨氏培养基和萨氏蛋黄培养基有利于菌落生长和产孢,菌落直径和产孢量显著高于其他处理,分别为7.77 cm和7.07 cm,19.02×103、25.87×103个孢子;葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、淀粉、甘露醇、肌醇、甘油、麦芽糖8种碳源中葡萄糖、蔗糖有利于菌落的生长和产孢,菌落直径分别为7.73 cm和7.60 cm,产孢量分别为25.96×103、25.79×103个,显著高于其他处理;蛋白胨、硝酸钠、硝酸钾、氯化铵、硝酸铵、尿素6种氮源中,蛋白胨有利于菌落的生长和产孢,菌落直径为7.60 cm,产孢量为25.91×103个,显著高于其他处理。     

球孢白僵菌BD-B015可湿性粉剂配方的筛选

研究了甜菜夜蛾高毒力球孢白僵菌BD-B015菌株的可湿性粉剂配方,通过孢子粉萌发率、菌落生长速率、产孢量、润湿时间、相容性和分散时间等试验,筛选确定出载体、湿润剂和分散剂种类,并对制剂的各项指标进行了检测。配方结果如下：孢子粉30%,载体高岭土60%,润湿剂拉开粉BX 5%,分散剂HK-2302 5%。可湿性粉剂各项指标为：含孢量400亿孢子/g,润湿时间69 s,有效成分悬浮率94.6%,干燥减重1.7%,98.4%通过200目标准筛,均达到国家标准GB/T25864-2010。     

交枝顶孢霉杀柑橘全爪螨活性及其生物学特性研究

为了明确交枝顶孢霉Acremonium implicatum CQBBW8的杀螨活性及其生物学特性,采用触杀毒力法检测CQBBW8菌株对柑橘全爪螨的致死率,通过单因素试验测试不同培养基、碳源、氮源、温度、pH及紫外线对CQBBW8菌株生长、产孢及其分生孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,CQBBW8菌株对柑橘全爪螨Panonychus citri(McGregor)的校正致死率为54.42%,LC_(50)为1.2×10~6个/mL,LT_(50)值为5.175 9d。最佳生长和产孢培养基分别为PDA和SEA;菌丝生长最适碳源和氮源为甘露醇和蛋白胨,产孢最适碳源和氮源为可溶性淀粉和氯化铵;最适生长温度为25℃,最适产孢和分生孢子萌发温度为30℃;最适生长和产孢pH为6.0,最适萌发pH为7.0;紫外线对菌丝生长影响不明显,对产孢影响较大,紫外线照射时间越长,孢子萌发率越高。综上,CQBBW8菌株对柑橘全爪螨有较强的毒力,对营养需求不高,环境适应性较强,具有开发为杀螨真菌制剂的潜力。     

双孢蘑菇顶枝孢霉病害的生物学特性和药剂筛选

在双孢蘑菇上发现一种新的病原菌:点枝顶孢菌(Acremonium strictum W.)。该菌侵染双孢蘑菇的子实体,形成不规则的褐色斑块,大小为(2-15)mm×(3-20)mm,病斑凹陷于菌肉或穿过菌肉组织直至菌褶,深达2-13 mmo病斑干枯不腐烂,俗你黑疤病或褐疤病。通过人工接菌观察了病害症状、发病规律、培养特性、形态特征,以及温度、pH对菌丝体生长和孢子萌发的影响。经室内外药剂筛选试验,明确克霉灵、甲醛、硫酸铜和石灰水可有效杀灭该病菌。     

基于聚氨酯海绵载体的棘孢木霉固体发酵培养基筛选

以棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum THGY-01(CGMCC No:22422)为试验菌株,对其在聚氨酯海绵载体上固体发酵产孢的培养基种类、浓度及促进产孢元素进行了筛选与优化.以聚氨酯海绵载体的单位质量产孢量为指标,通过单因素试验法对11种碳源、6种氮源和14种无机盐(8种含大量元素,6种含微量元...     

生防棘孢木霉T31菌株的分离筛选及其生物学特性

为评价具有生防潜力的棘孢木霉,采用平板对峙法、对扣培养法、圆盘滤膜法从长白山土样中分离筛选出木霉菌株T31,结合形态学及分子生物学分析对其进行种类鉴定,并采用菌丝生长法研究了该菌株的生物学特性。所分离的菌株T31被鉴定为棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum,该菌株对8种靶标菌的抑菌率在44.49%~77.91%之间,其中,对玉米大斑病菌Exserohilum turcicum、核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum、腐霉菌Pythiumuhtimum sp.及镰刀菌Fusarium sp.均有较强生长竞争优势,对玉米灰斑病菌Magnaporthe oryzae具明显重寄生作用。菌株T31的最适培养基为PDA培养基,最适生长温度为30 ℃、最适产孢温度为25 ℃,最适pH值为6。持续光照可以促进木霉菌孢子产生,Zn²⁺、Mn²⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺利于菌丝生长,但是高浓度的Fe²⁺和Cu²⁺抑制菌丝生长,Mn²⁺和Mg²⁺可促进产孢。此外,与普通木霉菌相比,该菌株具有耐寒性及耐盐性。     

水葫芦生防菌尾孢霉属菌株FJ24的生物学特性

测定了从福建省得到的水葫芦致病菌——尾孢霉属菌株FJ24,在不同光照、温度、pH值、碳源、氮源和培养基等条件下菌丝的生长情况。结果表明,全黑暗条件有利于菌丝生长,温度为30℃、pH值为7.6时菌丝生长最快。最适培养基为MDYEA,最适碳源是可溶性淀粉,最适氮源为乙酸铵。     

中生菌素可溶性粉剂助剂的研究

依据不同乳化剂对中生菌素原粉稀释液的表面张力及治疗白菜软腐病的效果,选用适合作为中生菌素可溶性粉剂的乳化剂Ｅ４。在０．１０ｇ／Ｌ的使用浓度下,Ｅ４高生菌菌素的治疗效果。综合分析７种载体对Ｅ４的饱和吸附量及对中生菌素活性的影响,选出Ｅ４的理想载体Ｃ３。     

根结线虫生防真菌交枝顶孢原生质体的制备与再生体系构建

本研究以根结线虫生防真菌交枝顶孢Acremonium implicatum为供试菌株, 探究了菌龄?降解酶种类?酶解温度和时间?不同渗透压稳定剂?不同pH等因素对其原生质体制备的影响, 并建立了交枝顶孢原生质体制备体系; 制备的原生质体在SR培养基上再生率达到17.78%?此外, GFP遗传转化菌株的获得充分表明制备的原生质体可作为后续遗传转化材料, 为进一步研究交枝顶孢对根结线虫的生防机理奠定基础?     

Suppression of Meloidogyne incognita by the endophytic fungus Acremonium implicatum from tomato root galls

Specific endophytes with biocontrol potential might occur in diseased plant tissues. We isolated an endophytic fungus from tomato root galls infected with Meloidogyne incognita and identified it as Acremonium implicatum based on morphology and internal transcribed spacer sequences. Its biocontrol potential was tested in vitro and in pot and field experiments. In the in vitro test, 96.0% of second-stage juveniles of M. incognita were killed by a culture filtrate of A. implicatum after 48 h. The fungus also suppressed egg hatching, with only 36.3% of treated eggs hatching compared with 87.3% of control eggs. Pot experiments showed that A. implicatum inhibited the formation of root galls, with 40.6 galls per treated plant compared with 121.6 on control plants. A. implicatum reduced the nematode population in soil, with 151.1 nematodes per 100 g treated soil and 375.1 in control soil. Field experiments demonstrated that the root gall index of treated plants (25) was markedly lower than that of control plants (96). In conclusion, A. implicatum has excellent potential for the biocontrol of M. incognita.     

Long‐term viability of the northern anthracnose pathogen,Kabatiella caulivora,facilitates its transportation and spread

The conidia and resting hyphae of the northern anthracnose pathogen of Trifolium species, Kabatiella caulivora, were effectively carried by, and maintained long‐term viability on, a range of materials, including metals, fabrics, woods and plastics. Conidia and hyphae became thick‐walled and melanized with time. There were significant (P < 0.001) differences in conidia/resting hyphae survival between carrier materials and between temperature regimes. At 23 °C/8 °C day/night, conidia and resting hyphae remained viable on steel, corrugated iron, galvanized steel, all tested fabrics, wood and random mixed materials for up to 8 months. At 36 °C/14 °C day/night, conidia and resting hyphae remained viable for up to 8 months, but only on cotton, denim, fleece, silk, leather, paper, plastic and all wood materials. At 45 °C/15 °C day/night, conidia and resting hyphae remained viable up to 8 months only on fleece wool, Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah wood) and paper. There were significant differences between carrier materials in their abilities to retain conidia and resting hyphae after washing (P < 0.001). Metabolic activity was confirmed for conidia and resting hyphae recovered after 8 months and K. caulivora colonies successfully re‐established on potato dextrose agar. Findings confirmed the critical importance of materials as long‐term carriers of viable K. caulivora conidia and resting hyphae, highlighting the potential for spread of a highly virulent K. caulivora race within and outside Australia via farming equipment, clothing and other associated materials. Results also have wider biosecurity implications for the transportation of fungal‐infested carrier materials previously considered as low risk.