民间组织:当代农村道德教育的有效载体

农村民间组织在表达村民权益、提供农村福利、救助老弱病残、促进村民自治等方面发挥着重要作用,有效地消解了我国社会转型时期农村道德困境,体现了民间组织道德教育与道德实践的有机结合,充当了农村道德教育的有效载体,提高了道德教育的实效。     

民间组织:当代农村道德教育的有效载体

农村民间组织在表达村民权益、提供农村福利、救助老弱病残、促进村民自治等方面发挥着重要作用,有效地消解了我国社会转型时期农村道德困境,体现了民间组织道德教育与道德实践的有机结合,充当了农村道德教育的有效载体,提高了道德教育的实效.     

"十一五"农村水利发展重点任务分析

基于我国农村水利发展现状与问题，分析了经济社会发展对农村水利发展的需求，讨论了农村水利基础设施对于保障粮食安全、促进农民增收、建设节水型社会和改善农民生活条件与农村生态环境的作用，提出了“十一五”期间提高农业生产综合能力、解决农村人畜饮水安全和促进贫困地区农牧民增收等农村水利发展重点任务。     

新时代农村公共产品自我供给研究

农村公共产品自我供给是一种以农村社会和经济全面发展为目标、以广大农民的需求为导向、在政府的支持和帮助下农民广泛参与产品供给的供给方式,这种方式能够增加农村公共产品的有效供给,培育农村内部发展力量,提高农村自我发展能力。本文结合现状发现新时代农村公共产品自我供给面临地区间供给能力不平衡、村民与农村组织供给意识与能力不足及自我供给标准化难以实现等困境,解决这些问题需要政府依据各地具体发展水平确定供给方法并且强化对村民与农村组织的教育引导,此外政府还需要制定完备的制度规范来推进自我供给标准化的实现。     

中职学校社会服务能力建设的探索与实践——以重庆市经贸中等专业学校为例

通过对重庆市经贸中等专业学校在社会服务能力建设的实践,探讨了农机专业在发展服务项目、拓宽服务领域、农村劳动力转移培训、职业技能鉴定方面的社会服务能力建设。     

如何提高农网供电可靠性

近年来,随着社会经济的发展,多数县(市)级区域已逐步形成了城乡经济、社会一体化的格局。在县(市)级区域农村城镇化进程大步前进时,县(市)级区域电网发展的内外部环境也发生了实质性改变,这些改变对县(市)级区域城市电网和农村电网的供电能力、电压质量和供电     

基于受众中心论的农业科技信息传播策略

信息化已成为国民经济和社会发展的必然趋势，信息技术已在农村生产生活的各领域渗透和应用，农业科技信息、市场信息和管理信息的快速、广泛传播是农村社会发展的源动力。我国农村信息化建设设施虽初具规模，但受社会重视程度不够、受众信息利用能力较差、服务机制不健全等原因影响，利用效率并不高。探讨农业科技信息的传播学理论及其应用机理，对促进我国农村经济发展方式转变、培育新型农业经营主体及发展现代农业具有积极的作用。      

发挥农机教育培训作用 搞好农村劳动力技能培训

统筹城乡经济社会发展，建设现代农业，发展农村经济，增加农民收入，是全面建设小康社会的重大任务。农机部门要充分利用现有教育培训阵地，加强对农村劳动力的职业技能培训，提高农民就业能力，促进农村劳动力的快速流动和转移，以加快全面建设小康社会的步伐。具体应做好以下几方面的工作：     

影响能力形成与发展的主客观因素分析

深入探讨了人才能力的形成和发展中所不容忽视的客观因素和主观因素,其中客观因素包括遗传因素、环境因素和教育因素等,并以当前农村务工群体和留守儿童教育为视角,剖析了农村家庭背景下人才培养需重视的主客观因素,为社会人才的培养提供参考。     

农民信息需求分析与信息服务对策研究—以临安农村为例

信息社会背景下信息已成为农业生产、农村发展的重要生产要素和战略资源。农民获取信息的质量决定了农民经济增收,政治权益实现和整个农村民生的改善。本文以临安农村为调查对象,分析了农民信息需求内容、获取途径和信息能力等特点,进而提出了有效供给农民信息服务的策略和建议。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。