Reversal response elicited in nonbeating cilia of paramecium by membrane depolarizatin

Ciliary reversal occurs in response to electrical and chemical stimuli in specimens of Paramecium caudatum in which ciliary beat has been completely inhibited by external application of nickel ions. The mechanism underlying ciliary reversal appears, therefore, to differ from that of ciliary beat. The cessation of ciliary beat has no effect on the intracellular potential of Paramecium. However, depolarizing action potentials are associated with ciliary reversals in paramecia, treated with nickel, without ciliary beat. Thus, membrane depolarization in this species seems specifically concerned with the ciliary reversal, and not with ciliary beat.     

Lightning and plasma wave observations from the galileo flyby of venus

During the Galileo flyby of Venus the plasma wave instrument was used to search for impulsive radio signals from lightning and to investigate locally generated plasma waves. A total of nine events were detected in the frequency range from 100 kilohertz to 5.6 megahertz. Although the signals are weak, lightning is the only known source of these signals. Near the bow shock two types of locally generated plasma waves were observed, low-frequency electromagnetic waves from about 5 to 50 hertz and electron plasma oscillation at about 45 kilohertz. The plasma oscillations have considerable fine structure, possibly because of the formation of soliton-like wave packets.     

Space plasma physics: phenomena induced by charged particle beams

The effects of electron beam emissions from Spacelab were recorded with onboard diagnostic instruments. The variation of the Spacelab-shuttle potential with respect to the ambient plasma near the scientific air lock was investigated. Data on the waves and instabilities triggered by the electron beams are discussed. Within the electron gyrofrequency and electron plasma frequency range, strong signals were detected by both electric and magnetic antennas during the beam emissions. The frequencies of the emitted waves were compared to the characteristic plasma frequencies to enable mode identification.     

Jupiter plasma wave observations: an initial voyager 1 overview

The Voyager I plasma wave instrument detected low-frequency radio emissions, ion acoustic waves, and electron plasma oscillations for a period of months before encountering Jupiter's bow shock. In the outer magnetosphere, measurements of trapped radio waves were used to derive an electron density profile. Near and within the Io plasma torus the instrument detected high-frequency electrostatic waves, strong whistler mode turbulence, and discrete whistlers, apparently associated with lightning. Some strong emissions in the tail region and some impulsive signals have not yet been positively identified.     

Plasma waves near saturn: initial results from voyager 1

The Voyager 1 plasma wave instrument detected many familiar types of plasma waves during the encounter with Saturn, including ion-acoustic waves and electron plasma oscillations upstream of the bow shock, an intense burst of electrostatic noise at the shock, and chorus, hiss, electrostatic electron cyclotron waves, and upper hybrid resonance emissions in the inner magnetosphere. A clocklike Saturn rotational control of low-frequency radio emissions was observed, and evidence was obtained of possible control by the moon Dione. Strong plasma wave emissions were detected at the Titan encounter indicating the presence of a turbulent sheath extending around Titan, and upper hybrid resonance measurements of the electron density show the existence of a dense plume of plasma being carried downstream of Titan by the interaction with the rapidly rotating magnetosphere of Saturn.     

输气管道泄漏音波的产生及传播特性

对输气管道泄漏音波的产生和传播特性进行研究,分析了泄漏音波产生的形式,获得了音波信号的时域、频域及时频特征。结果显示：泄漏音波主要由介质与管道相互作用产生的单极子、偶极子和四极子声源所引起,表现为时域上能量突变,但所占时域较窄,所占频域较宽,主要能量集中在0-100Hz。利用软件对泄漏音波在特殊管件（弯管、变径、分支）中的传播特性进行模拟研究,并利用高压输气管道泄漏装置进行试验研究,分析了泄漏音波信号的传播规律,确定了影响音波信号衰减的主要因素。结果显示：音波在管内以平面波形式传播,随着传播距离的增大,音波基本呈指数规律衰减,在较低泄漏量下,泄漏音波信号幅值基本与泄漏孔径无关：音波信号经弯管和直管的损失基本为0,经分支和变径管损失较大。根据拟合计算结果,对于现有型号的音波传感器,其理论安装距离可达100km,利于长输管道的泄漏检测。     

Plasma wave observations at comet giacobini-zinner

The plasma wave instrument on the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) detected bursts of strong ion acoustic waves almost continuously when the spacecraft was within 2 million kilometers of the nucleus of comet Giacobini-Zinner. Electromagnetic whistlers and low-level electron plasma oscillations were also observed in this vast region that appears to be associated with heavy ion pickup. As ICE came closer to the anticipated location of the bow shock, the electromagnetic and electrostatic wave levels increased significantly, but even in the midst of this turbulence the wave instrument detected structures with familiar bow shock characteristics that were well correlated with observations of localized electron heating phenomena. Just beyond the visible coma, broadband waves with amplitudes as high as any ever detected by the ICE plasma wave instrument were recorded. These waves may account for the significant electron heating observed in this region by the ICE plasma probe, and these observations of strong wave-particle interactions may provide answers to longstanding questions concerning ionization processes in the vicinity of the coma. Near closest approach, the plasma wave instrument detected broadband electrostatic noise and a changing pattern of weak electron plasma oscillations that yielded a density profile for the outer layers of the cold plasma tail. Near the tail axis the plasma wave instrument also detected a nonuniform flux of dust impacts, and a preliminary profile of the Giacobini-Zinner dust distribution for micrometer-sized particles is presented.     

冷等离子体在食品加工领域的灭菌研究进展

冷等离子体技术是一种新兴的非热处理技术,在食品工业领域具有很大潜力。近年来,利用冷等离子体进行食源性病原体灭菌的研究正在兴起,非热等离子体可用于为农产品原料、干果及包装材料表面等的消毒。阐述了等离子体对微生物的作用,介绍了其在食品加工工程中的最新发展,讨论了其在食品加工工程中的功效和应用潜能,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

油气混输管道中的波动现象

研究表明,在油气混输管道中,由于气液两相物性的差异和气液相间相互作用等原因,以及在管道停输、启动过程、段塞流动、清管、入口液量的瞬态变化等不稳定操作工况下,都伴随着不同的波动现象.气液多相管流中的波动现象,可分为密度波、压力波、界面波3种.不同性质波的存在加快了流体流动,增强了界面间能量和动量传递,使得两相流的传热、传质及流型都发生很大变化.同时,巨大的压力波动对管道及其下游处理设备带来一定的安全隐患.分析了气液两相流中密度波、压力波、界面波的研究进展,旨在为进一步研究油气混输管道瞬变流动提供理论借鉴.     

基于高SBS阈值的HNLF产生高重复频率超短光脉冲

基于光纤中的四波混频(FWM)产生高重复频率超短光脉冲的原理,并为抑制光纤中的受激Brillouin散射(SBS),采用非均匀掺杂高SBS阈值非线性光纤,通过FWM对双拍频信号进行整形压缩,实验上获得了100GHz的高重复率超短光脉冲序列,进而分析了入纤功率对输出光脉冲的影响。     

Waves and turbulence in a tokamak fusion plasma

The tokamak is a prototype fusion device in which a toroidal Magnetic field is used to confine a hot plasma. Coherent waves, excited near the plasma edge, can be used to transport energy into the plasma in order to heat it to the temperatures required for thermonuclear fusion. In addition, tokamak plasmas are known to exhibit high levels of turbulent density fluctuations, which can transport particles and energy out of the plasma. Recently, experiments have been conducted to elucidate the nature of both the coherent waves and the turbulence. The experiments provide insight into a broad range of interesting linear and nonlinear plasma phenomena and into many of the processes that determine such practical things as plasma heating and confinement.     

First plasma wave observations at neptune

The Voyager 2 plasma wave instrument detected many familiar plasma waves during the encounter with Neptune, including electron plasma oscillations in the solar wind upstream of the bow shock, electrostatic turbulence at the bow shock, and chorus, hiss, electron cyclotron waves, and upper hybrid resonance waves in the inner magnetosphere. Low-frequency radio emissions, believed to be generated by mode conversion from the upper hybrid resonance emissions, were also observed propagating outward in a disklike beam along the magnetic equatorial plane. At the two ring plane crossings many small micrometer-sized dust particles were detected striking the spacecraft. The maximum impact rates were about 280 impacts per second at the inbound ring plane crossing, and about 110 impacts per second at the outbound ring plane crossing. Most of the particles are concentrated in a dense disk, about 1000 kilometers thick, centered on the equatorial plane. However, a broader, more tenuous distribution also extends many tens of thousands of kilometers from the equatorial plane, including over the northern polar region.     

Ionospheric effects on the transmission of ultralow-frequency plasma waves

Measurements of magnetospheric ultralow-frequency plasma waves (period tau, approximately 18 to 150 seconds) on the ground under continuous daylight conditions in the Antarctic and under alternate day-night solar illumination at the conjugate station in Quebec indicate a significant local time dependence in the transmission properties of the ionosphere for waves of these periods. When the Antarctic station is compared with the Quebec station, the tilt (with respect to the ionosphere) of the orientation plane of the waves is observed to be larger at local noon than at local night.     

Cassini magnetometer observations during Saturn orbit insertion

Cassini's successful orbit insertion has provided the first examination of Saturn's magnetosphere in 23 years, revealing a dynamic plasma and magnetic environment on short and long time scales. There has been no noticeable change in the internal magnetic field, either in its strength or its near-alignment with the rotation axis. However, the external magnetic field is different compared with past spacecraft observations. The current sheet within the magnetosphere is thinner and more extended, and we observed small diamagnetic cavities and ion cyclotron waves of types that were not reported before.     

应激状态下鱼类糖皮质激素代谢及作用机理的研究进展

糖皮质激素(Glucocordicoids,GC)是由肾上腺皮质分泌的一类甾体激素,在环境胁迫条件下,血浆糖皮质激素水平会发生变化,对机体生理、免疫产生不同程度影响。但应激状态下糖皮质激素水平能否作为应激的灵敏指标还存在争议,综述了鱼类在应激状态下,影响血浆糖皮质激素浓度的因素及糖皮质激素的作用机理。     

深鰕虎鱼心电图的研究

本文报道了小型鱼类深虎鱼(Bathygobius fuscus)的心电图。采用双电极接近围心腔的方法导出,向口内灌流水模拟鱼的呼吸运动。实验表明心脏搏动电位与灌流强度成正比关系;心搏率几乎与灌流强度无关,主要受水温的影响,随着水温的升高,心搏率明显增加。本种鱼与陆上一般动物不同,其心搏率几乎与运动强度无关。     

蔬菜种子发芽特性及发芽技术研究

针对蔬菜种子发芽试验难的问题,通过多年的实践,对蔬菜种子发芽条件和种子发芽特性及休眠进行研究,并采取低温处理、加温干燥处理、变温发芽、去壳处理等破除种子休眠的方法,提高蔬菜种子的发芽率,为蔬菜种子发芽试验提供参考。     

海栖热袍菌电转化技术的研究(英文)

[目的]对海栖热袍菌电转化技术进行研究。[方法]采用不同参数即不同的方型电脉冲参数、指数衰退型电脉冲参数和高电压电击参数对海栖热袍菌感受态细胞进行电转化,得到的转化子进行PCR验证。[结果]试验中发现以150V的低压方形电脉冲,室温厌氧条件下电击25ms、1次,有利于T.maritima MS8的转化,但这种以整合质粒进行的转化效率极低。[结论]为提高T.maritima MS8的基因转化效率奠定了基础。     

基于Cap-cyclide坐标的非圆截面等离子体的稳定性研究

通过导人Cap-cyclide坐标，进行了导体壁对非圆截面等离子体稳定性影响的研究，得出了等离子体的稳定性随着导体壁接近等离子体的表面而增加这一结论。     

Long-range correlations in the diffuse seismic coda

The late seismic coda may contain coherent information about the elastic response of Earth. We computed the correlations of the seismic codas of 101 distant earthquakes recorded at stations that were tens of kilometers apart. By stacking cross-correlation functions of codas, we found a low-frequency coherent part in the diffuse field. The extracted pulses have the polarization characteristics and group velocities expected for Rayleigh and Love waves. The set of cross-correlations has the symmetries of the surface-wave part of the Green tensor. This seismological example shows that diffuse waves produced by distant sources are sufficient to retrieve direct waves between two perfectly located points of observation. Because it relies on general properties of diffuse waves, this result has potential applications in other fields.