Erratum

In the article "Electron microscope center opens at Berkeley" (Research News, 27 Mar., p. 1407), reference is made to the 1.2-MeV (million electron volts) high voltage electron microscope at the State University of New York at Albany. That instrument is owned by the state of New York and operated and supported by the New York State Department of Health, not by the National Institutes of Health.     

Withdrawal versus Withholding of Positive Reinforcement

The correct address for the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex is 1 E. 42 St., New York 17, N.Y. The society will hold its first meeting on 8 November at the Barbizon-Plaza Hotel in New York     

Earthquakes, faults, and nuclear power plants in southern new york and northern new jersey

Seismic activity in the greater New York City area is concentrated along several northeast-trending faults of which the Ramapo fault appears to be the most active. Three nuclear power plants at Indian Point, New York, are situated close to the Ramapo fault. For a reactor site in use for 40 years, the probability that the site will experience an intensity equal to or in excess of the design (safe shutdown) earthquake is estimated to be about 5 to 11 percent.     

Photochemical air pollution in the northeast United States

Statistical analyses of meteorological and contaminant data and chemical kinetic modeling demonstrate that (i) the concentrations of ozone in the New Jersey-New York City metropolitan area are regional in character; (ii) ozone concentrations in Connecticut are increased by approximately 20 percent as a consequence of primary emissions in the New Jersey-New York City metropolitan region and subsequent transport; and (iii) the concentrations of a variety of products of smog chemistry in the New Jersey area are markedly increased by an increase in NO emissions, but are minimally affected by a change in hydrocarbon emissions.     

Erratum

Two books were inadvertently omitted from reference 12 of the article "Manufacturing innovation and American industrial competitiveness" by Stephen S. Cohen and John Zysman (4 Mar., p.1110): M. Piore and C. Sabel, The Second Industrial Divide: Passibilities for Prosperity (Basic, New York, 1984) and C. Sabel, Work and Politics: The Dison of Labor in Industry (Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1982).     

Erratum

The mezzotint of Isaac Newton on page 1341 of the issue of 18 September should have been credited to the Prints Collection, New York Public Library, by permission of New Republic Books.     

News of Science

The news item on the American Nuclear Society and its new journal, Nuclear Science and Engineering (Academic Press. Inc., New York) that appeared on page 1015 of the 25 Nov. issue should have ended with the second paragraph. The remainder of the item deals with another new journal, Nuclear Physics (North Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam; distributed in U.S.A. by Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York). Science regrets the error.     

Ginkgophyton (Psygmophyllum) with a Stem of Gymnospermic Structure

A specimen identified as Ginkgophyton (Psygmophyllum) with a structurally preserved stem of gymnospermic organization has been collected from a late Devonian stratum in New York.     

Corrections and clarifications

The Books Received listing of 26 November (p. 1463) for Thomas F. Lee's Gene Future: The Promise and Perils of the New Biology (Plenum, New York, 1993) included a line of information that did not apply to that book. The price given for the book, $24.95, was correct.     

Erratum

Important information in the article "Insulin wars: New advances may throw market into turbulence" (News and Comment, 12 Dec. 1980, p. 1225) came from a review written by Scott R. King of F. Eberstadt & Co., Inc., New York. Credit to King was inadvertently omitted from the article.     

Three-year incidence of AIDS in five cohorts of HTLV-III-infected risk group members

The incidence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among persons infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) was evaluated prospectively among 725 persons who were at high risk of AIDS and had enrolled before October 1982 in cohort studies of homosexual men, parenteral drug users, and hemophiliacs. A total of 276 (38.1 percent) of the subjects were either HTLV-III seropositive at enrollment or developed HTLV-III antibodies subsequently. AIDS had developed in 28 (10.1 percent) of the seropositive subjects before August 1985. By actuarial survival calculations, the 3-year incidence of AIDS among all HTLV-III seropositive subjects was 34.2 percent in the cohort of homosexual men in Manhattan, New York, and 14.9 percent (range 8.0 to 17.2 percent) in the four other cohorts. Out of 117 subjects followed for a mean of 31 months after documented seroconversion, five (all hemophiliacs) developed AIDS 28 to 62 months after the estimated date of seroconversion, supporting the hypothesis that there is a long latency between acquisition of viral infection and the development of clinical AIDS. This long latency could account for the significantly higher AIDS incidence in the New York cohort compared with other cohorts if the virus entered the New York homosexual population before it entered the populations from which the other cohorts were drawn. However, risk of AIDS development in different populations may also depend on the presence of as yet unidentified cofactors.     

Erratum

The American Rocket Society will meet in New York 17-21 Nov. 1958, and not 1-5 Dec. 1958.     

以美国纽约市高线公园为例论公共空间种植设计

简述了纽约市高线公园的设计背景及设计策略,着重分析其植物景观营造手法,以期为公共空间种植设计提供参考。     

Community digester operations and dairy farmer perspectives

Rising energy costs, increasing herd sizes, and other structural changes affecting the New York dairy industry may make farmers receptive to new energy production technologies. Anaerobic digestion represents a possible benefit to farmers by reducing odor while producing methane for electricity. However, current digester designs are for herd sizes of 300 or more cows, with significant economies of scale, so smaller operators may have little interest in the technology. Moreover, without a favorable policy environment and reliable grant programs, the initial investments required for digester installation might deter operators. One solution to these issues may be community digesters, which are centrally located facilities that accept manure from multiple farms. Data from a survey of New York dairy farmers were used to assess farmers’ interest in community digesters. In general, interest was associated with power generation outcomes and reservations about organic farming practices; advocates might encourage their use among smaller conventional farm operators looking for new sources of profit and diversification.     

纽约玫瑰葡萄引种及酿造工艺研究

对纽约玫瑰葡萄进行了引种调查，研究了纽约玫瑰葡萄的酿造工艺，为其在滨海盐碱地区发展提供参考。     

Crustal structure of the northeastern United States: contrasts between grenville and appalachian provinces

Average crustal models for the northeastern United States are computed on the basis of the travel times of P and S waves from regional earthquakes. The Precambrian Grenville Province in New York State has a relatively homogeneous crust. The Paleozoic New England Appalachians have a well-defined, two-layer crust that is slightly thicker and shows a high-velocity lower layer relative to the Grenville. A time-term analysis based on P(n) data (waves refracted from the Moho) shows that a relatively thick or low-velocity crust parallels northeast-trending geologic structures in central New England. The observed differences between the two orogenic belts may reflect contrasts in their tectonic evolution.     

Erratum

The AAAS International Oceanographic Congress is to be held at the United Nations Building its New York from 31 August to 12 September, not from 1 August to 12 September as stated in the news article that appeared in the 27 March issue.     

Sunday and workday variations in photochemical air pollutants in new jersey and new york

Concentration distributions of air contaminants and meteorological variables in New Jersey and New York for workdays (Mondays through Fridays, omitting holidays) and Sundays are compared by means of quantile-quantile plots. The ozone distributions are slightly higher on Sundays, and the primary pollutant distributions are lower. These results raise serious questions about the validity of current concepts underlying ozone reduction in urban atmospheres.     

SAVING KYOTO: A Well-Intentioned Cleanup Gets Mixed Reviews

By publishing an alternative, and decidedly upbeat, scenario for how greenhouse warming might play out in the next half-century, the director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City hoped to open new prospects for attacking the problem. Instead, he got a lot of grief.     

纽约产业发展的历史路径对上海启示

分析了纽约经济规模、产业结构和城市功能等方面的发展过程,同时对照上海发展现状提出了一些有利于上海经济、产业发展的建议。