促芽肥对再生稻产量及性状的影响研究

为了研究再生稻促芽肥的最佳施用时间和施肥量,我们采用对比试验,分析促芽肥不同施用时间和不同施肥量对再生稻生物学性状及产量的影响。结果表明,再生稻促芽肥最佳施用时间为头季稻齐穗后5～10 d,单产3.0 t/hm2以上产量水平,促芽肥施用量为施尿素213.7～363.6 kg/hm2。本试验得出的该促芽肥最佳施用时间和施肥量在再生稻上应用,比目前生产上使用常规施用时间和施肥量方法的稻田增产达40.0%以上,效果十分显著。     

不同促芽肥施用时期对再生稻产量影响初报

【目的】为探讨前季稻不同促芽肥施用时期对再生稻产量的影响。【方法】试验共设五个处理,三次重复,共15个小区,随机排列,小区面积33.4m2,分别于前季稻收割前25d、20d、15d、10d、5d进行施用促芽肥试验,【结果】不同促芽肥施用时期出苗率以处理4最高143.4%;处理3次之140.2%;其它处理为103.8%~137.8%。成穗率以处理1、处理2、处理3较高为94%~97%;处理4、处理5为84.4%~86.6%。再生稻生育进程:各处理始苗期相同;够苗期,处理1、处理2、处理3、处理4、基本相同,处理5较迟,比其它处理迟7~8d;有效发苗期,处理4最快,处理3次之,处理2、处理1第三,处理5最迟;始穗期、齐穗期、成熟期各处理基本相同。再生稻产量以处理4最高,341.5kg/667m2;处理3第二,323.5kg/667m2;处理2第三,309.5kg/667m2;处理1第四,303.5kg/667m2;处理5最低,295.6kg/667m2。【结论】不同促芽肥施用时期对再生稻各方面的影响情况,以处理4产量最好,处理3次之,处理1和处理2对促进再生稻生长及提高再生稻产量不是很理想;处理5不能充分发挥促芽肥的促芽作用,亦不利于提高再生稻产量。     

促芽肥施用时期和头季稻留茬高度对再生稻生产的影响

滁州市是单季稻地区,利用早熟中稻发展再生稻是提高水稻产量的途径之一.通过试验头季稻留茬高度低,再生稻产量也低,有效穗少,植株矮,生育期长.头季稻齐穗22 d施用促芽肥,留茬高度20 cm,再生稻产量最高.     

再生稻不同促芽肥施用试验

再生稻的再生季产量与其有效穗有关,有效穗与促芽肥使用量关系密切,该研究设置增施尿素75、112.5、150、187.5kg/hm24个处理,观察其穗粒结构和产量,结果表明:再生稻增施促芽肥能够增加有效穗和产量,投入与产出比较高。     

头季稻增施穗肥对再生稻的效应

为实现再生稻高产稳产,进行了头季委施穗肥和不施穗肥的大田比较试验。结果,增施穗肥的比不施穗肥的,再生稻胚芽发育提前８￣１０ｄ,再生苗生长快,有效成穗期短,全生育期提早５￣７ｄ再生稻产量提高３３．６％,是再生稻高产栽培的有效措施。     

促芽肥施期对再生稻的影响

再生稻因其具有生长周期短、投入少、成本低、米质优等特点,中稻一再生稻生产成为西南稻区的主栽模式。本研究针对优质高产杂交稻品种渝香203,特别探讨了促芽肥施期对再生稻的萌发、产量及相关性状的影响,结果表明,齐穗期施促芽肥对提高再生稻再生力、增加叶面积、提高再生稻产量方面效果明显。这为优化再生稻栽培技术,推广渝香203提供了有益的参考。     

促芽肥施用时间与施肥量对再生稻的影响

试验结果证明,促芽肥施用时间与施肥量对再生稻腋芽生长、最高苗、有效穗、穗粒数等性状及产量产生重要影响。促芽肥适宜施用时间为头季稻收割前20-25d,单产3.0t/hm2以上产量水平,促芽肥施用量为尿素266.5-349.9kg/hm2。比目前生产上促芽肥施用时间和施肥量增产达40.0%以上,效果十分显著。     

再生稻促芽肥高效施用量与头季稻齐穗期库源结构关系

以杂交中稻组合II优602为材料,通过头季稻不同施氮量塑造施促芽肥当时植株营养状况的差异,在此基础上分别设再生稻促芽肥施用量处理,探明了再生稻促芽肥高效施用量与头季稻齐穗期库源结构关系。结果表明,再生稻促芽肥高效施用量分别与头季稻齐穗期剑叶的SPAD值、单位颖花绿叶占有量呈显著负相关关系,预测出了在头季稻齐穗期剑叶不同的SPAD值、单位颖花绿叶占有量下,再生稻促芽肥的高效施用量;当头季稻齐穗期剑叶的SPAD值高于47.39,单位颖花绿叶鲜重占有量高于27.53mg.粒-1,单位颖花绿叶干重占有量高于1.05 mg.粒-1时,均可分别作为不施促芽肥的苗情诊断指标。     

不同促芽肥和发苗肥施用量对准两优527再生稻产量的影响

本文通过不同促芽肥和发苗肥的施用量进行试验,研究其对再生稻产量的影响。结果表明,A3B2(促芽肥用尿素20kg/667m2,发苗肥用尿素10kg/667m2)的实际产量(486.3kg/667m2),促芽肥施用尿素15-20 kg/667m2,发苗肥施用尿素10-15 kg/667m2为宜。     

钮翠绿叶面肥对超级早稻产量形成的影响

以两优1128、天优3301及Ⅱ优3301为材料,研究了钮翠绿叶面肥对超级早稻产量形成的影响,结果表明:喷施叶面肥能显著提高超级早稻产量,影响的效果与品种有关,两优1128、天优3301及Ⅱ优3301分别提高了12.16％、11.86％和11.66％,增产主要原因在于喷施叶面肥,提高了有效穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重、干物质累积量、单茎叶面积与叶面积指数(LAI)及协调库源流的关系.     

Effects of nitrogen management on the ratoon crop yield and head rice yield in South USA

Ratoon rice cropping is an important component of the rice cropping system in Texas and south Louisiana, USA, and expanded to Asian countries in 1970. Two field studies were conducted with widely planted rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars at Eagle Lake, Texas, USA to determine the effects of nitrogen(N) management in main(first) crop(MC) and ratoon(second) crop(RC) on RC yield. In 2012 and 2013, one cultivar(Presidio) was adopted to determine the effects of RC N management on ratoon yield and head rice yield. In 2016 and 2017, CL153, CL163 and CL272 in addition to Presidio were adopted to examine the effect of MC N management on ratoon yield and head rice yield. N applied at preflood after MC harvest considerably improved RC yield. Application of 99 kg N ha–1 at preflood after MC harvest was practically adequate for RC regrowth, development and approaching the yield potential for Presidio. RC could produce quite high average grain yields of 5.90 to 6.53 t ha–1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Main crop N rate only significantly affected MC yield; however, given N applied of 99 kg ha–1 at preflood after MC harvest, ratoon yield was not significantly affected by MC N rate. Neither the main nor ratoon crop N management had a significant effect on RC head rice yield. Considerable RC head rice yields(55–65%) were observed in all of the four cultivars and 4 years except for CL272 in 2016. These results indicat that without very high N fertilizer application, rice ratoon crop could produce a considerable grain yield and an expectative head rice yield. Rice ratooning could be a practical way to increase rice yields with the minimal input in south Texas and regions with a similar climate.     

Optimal management of nitrogen fertilizer in the main rice crop and its carrying-over effect on ratoon rice under mechanized cultivation in Southeast China

This study attempted to clarify the carrying-over effect of different nitrogen treatments applied to the main crop on the crop population growth and yield formation of ratoon rice under mechanized cultivation in Southeast China.  Based on the constant total nitrogen application amounts (225.00 kg ha^–1) in the main crop, an experiment with different ratios of basal and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer (the ratio of basal fertilizer:primary tillering fertilizer:secondary tillering fertilizer:booting fertilizer at 3:1:2:4 (N1), 3:2:1:4 (N2), 3:3:0:4 (N3), and 4:3:0:3 (N4), respectively, and a control without nitrogen treatment (N0)) was set up across two consecutive years in field using hybrid rice variety Yongyou 1540 as the test materials.  The results showed that the total tiller number and effective tillering percentage increased in the main crop under the N1 treatment, more nitrogen fertilizer applied in late growth stage of the main crop, and its effective tillering percentage of the main crop was the highest at up to 70.18%, which was 9.15% higher than that of conventional fertilization treatment (N4), more nitrogen fertilizer applied in early growth stage of the main crop.  The same tendency was observed in leaf area index (LAI) value of the main crop and its subsequent ratoon rice, which were 16.52 and 29.87% higher, respectively, in the N1 treatment than that in the N4 treatment at the full heading stage.  The same was true in the case of the transport rates of stem and sheath dry mater and the canopy light interception rates in both the main and its ratoon crops.  The transport rate of stem and sheath in main crop rice under N1 treatment increased by 50.57% compared with N4 treatment.  The canopy light interception rate of N1 treatment increased by 5.07% compared with N4 treatment at the full heading stage of the ratoon crop.  Therefore, the total actual yield was the highest in the main and its ratoon crops under N1 treatment, averaging 17 351.23 kg ha^–1 in two-year trials, which was 23.00% higher than that in the conventional fertilization treatment (N4).  The results showed that appropriate nitrogen treatment was able to produce a good crop stand in the main crop, which was essential for producing a good ratoon crop population and high yield especially under mechanized cultivation with low stubble height of the main crop.  The study suggested that shifting the proper nitrogen application amounts to the late growth stage of the main crop, such as N1 treatment, not only had a higher productive effect on ensuring the yield of the main crop, but also had a positive effect on the axillary bud sprouts from the stubbles for ratoon rice, resulting in an increased percentage of productive panicles and achieving the goal of one planting with two good harvests under the conditions of our study.     

Border effects of the main and ratoon crops in the rice ratooning system

The border effect (BE) is widely observed in crop field experiments, and it has been extensively studied in many crops.  However, only limited attention has been paid to the BE of ratoon rice.  We conducted field experiments on ratoon rice in Qichun County, Hubei Province, Central China in 2018 and 2019 to compare the BE in the main and ratoon crops, and to quantify the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon crop.  The BE of two hybrid varieties was measured for the outermost, second outermost, and third outermost rows in each plot of both crops.  To determine the contribution of BE between the two crops, portions of hills in the outermost and second outermost rows were uprooted during the harvest of the main crop so that the second and third outermost rows then became the outermost rows in the ratoon crop.  Overall, the BE on grain yield was greater in the main crop than in the ratoon crop.  In the main crop, the BE on grain yield was 98.3% in the outermost row, which was explained by the BE on panicles m^–2, spikelets/panicle, spikelets m^–2, and total dry weight.  In the ratoon crop, the BE on grain yield was reduced to 60.9 and 27.6% with and without the contribution of the BE in the main crop, respectively.  Consequently, 55.1% of the BE on grain yield in the ratoon crop was contributed from the main crop.  High stubble dry weight and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation at the harvest of the main crop were responsible for the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon crop.  Our results suggest that increases in stubble dry weight and NSC accumulation at the harvest of the main crop could be important strategies for developing high-yielding cropping practices in the rice ratooning system.     

缓释肥对水稻生长发育及产量的影响

以优化施肥处理和农民习惯施肥为对照,研究了3种不同水稻缓释肥对水稻生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,缓释肥3比农民习惯施肥处理分蘖数增加29%,比优化施肥处理增加23%;缓释肥1、缓释肥2处理比农民习惯施肥处理分蘖数增加25%,比优化施肥处理增加18.7%。不同处理的产量顺序为:优化施肥>缓释肥3>缓释肥2>缓释肥1>农民习惯施肥。优化施肥处理的产量分别比缓释肥料1、缓释肥料2和缓释肥料3的产量增加了6.4%、6%和3.7%;缓释肥料1比农民习惯施肥产量增加了8.7%,缓释肥料2比农民习惯施肥产量增加了9.1%,缓释肥料3比农民习惯施肥产量增加了11.3%。试验表明,优化施肥处理肥料可以明显提高水稻群体质量,但施用缓释肥料的处理水稻群体质量较差。3种缓释肥料处理在施肥后的40～50 d释放量较高,这与水稻需肥规律存在一定的差异。     

再生稻穗茎比与产量及其构成因素的关系

【目的】探析再生稻穗茎比与产量及其构成因素的关系,确立高效准确的再生力鉴定指标,为再生稻高产育种与栽培提供参考。【方法】田间试验于2016年和2017年在福建省三明市尤溪县再生稻试验示范基地开展,以7个生育期相近的强再生力杂交稻品种为材料,设置3个试验重复,采用完全随机区组设计。试验测定指标包括头季和再生季水稻的有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率、千粒质量、产量、穗茎比,计算颖花量、库容量、日产量和热能利用率。通过主要性状间的相关、回归与通径分析,定量研究决定再生力的关键因子。【结果】（1）有效穗数和穗茎比对再生稻产量起决定作用,有效穗数多、穗茎比大,则热能利用率、日产量和产量较高。（2）通过颖花量和库容量的作用,穗粒数对头季产量贡献最大,而有效穗数对再生季产量的贡献最大,因此选择头季大穗重穗和再生季多穗特征的品种,有利形成颖花量和库容量优势,易获高产。（3）再生季有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率、千粒质量这4个性状均与产量相关极显著,对产量的贡献率分别为35.40%,17.03%,25.19%和20.52%,均为影响再生力的主要因子。穗茎比与再生季产量关系最密切,相关系数达0.861 9,与有效穗数、结实率极显著相关,与穗粒数显著相关,穗茎比可作为鉴定再生力的关键指标,预测再生季产量的平均精度达90.10%。（4）以穗茎比为指标,杂交稻品种再生力可分为4级,再生季水稻产量达3 750 kg/hm2以上品种的库容特征：穗茎比≥1.176 1,有效穗数≥330.24穗/m²,穗粒数≥63.89,结实率≥82.25%,千粒质量≥27.60 g。（5）选择杂交稻组合头季产量满足高产要求的前提下,品种再生力越强、穗茎比越高,再生季产量也越高,将间接指标穗茎比和直接指标产量相结合,经再生力鉴定,筛选出福优366和福两优366适合作再生稻栽培的优良新组合。【结论】头季和再生季的增产因素分别是穗粒数和有效穗数,穗茎比可作为高效鉴定再生力的共性指标,头季大穗重穗、再生季多穗是再生稻品种总体高产的重要特征。     

超级稻不同播期对头季稻及再生稻的影响试验

为充分利用一季中稻地区的光温和农田资源,以超级稻中浙优1号为材料,进行了不同播种期对头季稻及再生稻的产量影响试验。结果表明,一季中稻区种植超级稻中浙优1号蓄留再生稻播种期在3月19日-4月8日均能保障头季稻于8月20日前成熟收割,再生稻于11月上旬黄熟,但以3月19日左右播种的产量最高,两造产量达14197．5kg／ha,可在一季中稻区推广应用。     

直播水稻施用缓释放肥料效果研究

为了研究缓释放肥料在直播水稻上的使用效果,对单季晚稻品种"秀水123"进行了田间试验.试验结果表明:与普通化肥相比,使用缓释放肥料具有明显的增产作用(增产率3%～6%),肥料的利用率明显提高(提高4～5个百分点),明显提高了水稻生产的经济效益(增219.0～327.9元人民币/hm2);使用缓释放肥料具有控肥、增产、增...     

木酢多元叶面肥对水稻产量及抗病性的影响

水稻喷施木酢多元叶面肥的小区、田间及大面积示范研究表明 ,它能有效地提高水稻产量 ,分别比对照增产2 1% ,14 .2 0和 8%。大田每株实粒数增加 4 .5粒、瘪粒数降低 3.5个、千粒重增加 1.30 g。同时 ,使稻瘟病发病率降低了 11.70 % ,提高了水稻的抗病性     

有机肥施用增产效益研究

施用有机肥能增加作物产量,试验表明:在中稻生长过程中,增施有机肥有明显的增产效果,比对照(未施有机肥)增产约11%;在芋头膨大期重施肥效丰富的腐熟有机肥,对提高芋头产量有显著作用;在甘蔗生长过程中施加有机肥,能改善土壤理化环境,增加有机质,提高土壤通气性,促进根系旺盛生长,从而增加产量。建议生产上大力推广使用有机肥。