中国渔业大国发展方式转变与策略

中国作为渔业大国,取得了举世瞩目的成就,但同时面临发展瓶颈。论文例举世界主要渔业强国秘鲁、日本和挪威的渔业发展模式,得出不同国家渔业强国的经验启示,并在此基础上提出我国渔业大国发展方向与策略,即要更加重视增加供给以补充需求,更加重视推进产业技术革命,更加重视开发利用渔业健康水资源,更加重视渔业资源的全球市场配置。     

科学实施渔业柴油补贴政策的建议

本文通过专题调查和研究,认为渔业柴油补贴政策在降低生产成本、增加渔民收入、稳定捕捞业生产和渔民情绪,以及推动渔船规范管理等方面发挥了重要作用,受到普遍拥护和肯定。但在实施过程中也存在政策认识误区、政策冲突、执行走样和补贴发放操作困难等问题。针对渔业管理中的实际问题,本文提出了四点科学实施柴油补贴政策的建议,即加强宣传引导、消除认识误区;进一步完善政策内容,扩大补助范围;与渔船管理相结合,增强落实力度;加强后续研究,使政策配套和衔接更合理,从而更好地发挥保障民生作用和推进我国渔业可持续发展。     

加速渔业经济发展的战略措施

沅江是一个自然资源十分优越的农业县，特别是水面资源非常丰富，据区划摸底统计，全县境内水面共有713115.4亩，占全县总面积的23．9％，占耕地面积的80.5％。在总水面中．外河江湖常年可扑捞的水面有537480亩，占总水面的75．4％，垸内湖、沟、塘水面175635．4亩，占24．6％。可养水面131446．1亩，其中湖泊44017亩，占33.5％．     

昆山市池塘渔业经济现状及其发展战略

江苏昆山市池塘渔业通过上世纪90年代“农村产业结构调整”后发展迅速,2002年池塘20.54万亩,总效益20013万元,平均亩效益974.34元,农村人均净收入588.62元,为农村村级经济发展、农民增收作出很大的贡献。但是,池塘总体效益不高及不平衡,且随着经济开发、城市、     

中国养殖主产区渔业微生物菌剂市场现状、问题及建议

本研究对中国养殖主产区渔业微生物菌剂市场状况进行了调研分析,建立了检测和评价微生物菌剂产品的质量和应用效果的技术体系。通过调研粤、桂、闽、琼、鲁、冀、津、京、豫、鄂、湘、赣、苏、皖、浙、辽、吉、黑等18个主产区的渔业微生物菌剂产品市场,调查了生产厂家21个、经营商户101个、养殖用户205个,检测了芽孢杆菌菌剂130份、光合细菌菌剂109份、乳酸菌菌剂123份。结果表明,渔业微生物菌剂产品存在质量参差不齐、同质化严重、分析所测试菌剂产品的质量和功能与其产品说明上的标注存在差别等突出问题。针对上述问题,提出了中国渔业微生物菌剂行业发展的建议,以期为促进中国水产养殖业的健康可持续发展提供数据支撑和理论参考。[中国渔业质量与标准,2023,13(6):32-39]     

关于实施渔业品牌发展战略的几点建议

渔业品牌化是现代渔业的一个重要标志,推进渔业品牌化是发展现代渔业,促进渔业增效、渔民增收的必然选择,是促进传统渔业向现代渔业转变、实现渔业经济增长方式转变的重要手段,是调整渔业结构、优化产业升级的有效途径,是落实我市关于积极推进城乡一体化发展战略,进一步加快社会主义新农村建设的有力措施。     

全国渔业经济研究会召开编写《中国渔业经济》和布置开展渔业发展战略研究座谈会

<正> 全国渔业经济研究会于5月5～11日在湖北省鄂城县和黄州市召开了编写《中国渔业经济》和布置开展渔业发展战略研究座谈会。应邀参加这次会议     

有关渔业发展战略的思考

我国开展渔业科技发展战略研究已有10余年,本文通过从九个方面系统回顾我国渔业的发展历程,探讨我国渔业的发展方向和战略及其问题:我国水产品供求稳定,产业链经济效益有待提高;按市场需求和经济特征,建立"分类指导"的生产体系;严格控制和减少渔船数量,提高渔船质量,实现现代化;远洋渔业格局未发生重大变化,仍是发达国家掌控和必争领域,发展中国家难以建立自己的远洋渔业船队;鼓励进口自然资源,限制自然资源出口;以生态系统概念和生态核算为引领,提倡节能原则;用"工程化"理念,改造和提升水产业;保护鲨鱼,限制和消除鲨鱼鱼翅消费;积极发展游钓渔业,建立游钓许可证制度。本文的粗略讨论,目的是为未来渔业发展方向和战略起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

苏联渔业发展现状及其政策

苏联是世界上第二个渔业大国,仅次于日本。近年来苏联渔业发展发生了变化,本文作者搜集大量资料,围绕苏联近几年的渔业开发、水产品需求状况、流通和消费、水产品加工以及渔业比重、政策等进行概述。     

中国渔业的要素投入、规模报酬与技术效率分析

近年来,中国不断加大渔业科技投入,但中国渔业技术效率表现如何,渔业要素投入结构是否合理,都是值得关注的问题.本研究运用CD随机前沿生产函数,通过对2012-2019年全国29个省的232组面板数据进行测算,分析渔业要素投入结构和渔业技术效率.结果 显示:①中国渔业从业人员、渔业养殖面积、机动渔船功率水平、鱼苗投入要素弹...     

大亚湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼种群特征与环境因子的相关关系

为了解大亚湾鱼卵、稚仔鱼种群动态变化及其与环境因子的关系, 2015年采用浅水I型浮游生物拖网对大亚湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼进行了4个季度的调查,结果表明,4个季度共采获鱼卵31361粒,仔稚鱼244尾。经鉴定分析共有27种,其中鱼卵19种,隶属于6目16科18属;仔稚鱼18种,隶属于5目15科16属;鱼卵、仔稚鱼共有种11个。鱼卵平均丰度为614.55 ind/1000 m^3,稚仔鱼的平均丰度为3.69 ind/1000 m^3。鱼卵丰度季节变化由高到低依次为夏季、春季、冬季、秋季;空间分布显示,丰度由高到低依次为中央列岛、人工鱼礁区、湾口东岸。鱼卵多样性指数(H￠)范围为0.05～2.26,平均值为0.86,稚仔鱼多样性指数(H?)范围为0～2.53,平均值丰度0.82;鱼卵均匀度指数(J)范围为0.02～0.99,平均值为0.50;稚仔鱼均匀度指数(J)范围为0～1.00,平均值为0.52。根据Pearson相关性结果分析表明,与种群关系最密切的环境因子为温度和溶解氧(P<0.01)。研究结果显示,春夏季是大亚湾海域鱼类产卵的重要时期,中央列岛海域是大亚湾鱼类繁殖的关键区域。     

我国远洋渔业发展现状、面临问题与对策浅析

从远洋渔业的概念和发展远洋渔业的目的与意义入手,对我国远洋渔业近40年来的行业发展进行了简要梳理。通过总结远洋渔业行业发展现状及面临的主要问题,结合新形势下我国面临的内外部环境条件,提出该行业未来发展的应对策略及相关建议。     

Spatial and temporal trends in abundance of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in Newfoundland with emphasis on impacts of the 1992 closure of the commercial fishery

Closure of the Newfoundland commercial Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fishery in 1992 was the most restrictive measure introduced to help rebuild depressed local stocks of salmon. Here, the effects of the closure are evaluated by analysing trends in abundance since 1984, and estimates of survival in both freshwater and marine environments derived from enumeration of salmon at fish counting facilities. While freshwater production of smolts generally has been maintained, marine survival rates remain low (2–10%), and highly variable. Overall, total stock size differs little from that prior to the closure of the commercial salmon fishery. Spawning escapements have increased by a factor of 2 or 3 in some rivers, but in other areas total returns are lower on average than those prior to the fishery closure. Factors other than exploitation are contributing to lack of stock recovery, resulting in continued conservation concerns.     

雄烯二酮和甲基睾酮诱导雌性日本鳗鲡性腺发育的反馈调节作用

采用间隔15d多次埋植雄激素雄烯二酮(4-androstene-3,17-dine,ADSD)或甲基睾酮(17α-methyl-testosterone,MT)诱导雌性日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)性腺发育成熟;并着重研究埋植雄激素后,雌鳗血清中促性腺激素(GtH)及脑和垂体中哺乳类促性腺激素释放激素(mGnRH)含量的动态变化.一次或多次埋植ADSD后,1～5d的血清GtH含量上升,然后下降;并且,血清GtH含量上升的幅度随埋植次数的增加而增加;对于MT处理组,只在埋植7次后第15天测得血清GtH水平显著高于对照组,但仍显著低于ADSD处理组.这表明埋植ADSD和MT可促进GtH的分泌,但两者促进GtH分泌的作用存在显著差异.埋植ADSD 1d后,脑和垂体中mGnRH含量明显增加,第2天后和对照组无明显差别,表明ADSD促进了mGnRH的合成,并可能有一定程度的释放.研究表明雄激素对性腺未发育成熟的雌性日本鳗鲡在脑和垂体两个水平存在正反馈调节作用.     

盐度对胡子鲇、革胡子鲇及其杂交子一代胚胎发育的影响

胡子鲇、革胡子鲇及其杂交子一代珠胡子鲶胚胎发育各期的存活率和孵化率均随着盐度的升高而降低,该类鱼胚胎发育的环境盐度以不超过５为宜;发育至孵化期胚胎所能耐受的最高盐度革胡子鲇是１０,胡子鲇和珠胡子鲇是１１。盐度对３种胡子鲇胚胎发育速度影响不大,总的趋势是随着盐度的升高而变慢。     

Growth and mortality of larval anchoveta Engraulis ringens,in northern Chile during winter and their relationship with coastal hydrographic conditions

Larval growth, age, growth effect and instantaneous mortality were estimated in anchoveta, Engraulis ringens, collected biweekly during the austral winter of 2014 in nearshore waters off Bay of Antofagasta (23°41′W–70°30′S), northern Chile. Through measuring standard length (SL) and sagitta microstructure analysis, it was estimated that the growth rate of E. ringens larvae decreased from June (0.85 mm day^?1) to August (0.50 mm day^?1). However, the water temperature was homogeneous during the sampling dates (14.6, 15.2, 14.4, and 14.6°C), suggesting that the decelerating larval growth was not linked to changes in sea temperature. Additionally, larvae with slow growth have larger otoliths compared with conspecifics with fast growth (growth effect). Larval mortality rates tended to decrease until the middle of July (0.18 per day) but increased to 0.25 per day in early August, which coincided with lower food availability (i.e., chlorophyll‐a, 2.7–5.6 mg m^?3) and a high occurrence of smaller larvae (1.58–11.5 mm). Partial least squares analysis indicates low covariance between the biological and oceanographic variables (PLS: 11.71%), suggesting that other factors, such as parental effects, may explain the abrupt decrease in the larval growth rates.     

Growth of the fourspine sculpin <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cottus kazika</Emphasis> in the Gonokawa River,Japan, and effects of water temperature on growth

ABSTRACT:   The fourspine sculpin Cottus kazika is indigenous to Japan and found in Honshu except for the waters facing the Seto Inland Sea, and was also found in southern Shikoku and eastern Kyushu. This species has a catadromous lifestyle and migrates as juveniles from the sea to the middle reaches of rivers to grow. The growth pattern of this fish was investigated by a mark-and-recapture method from July 1994 to December 1996, in the Nigorikawa River, a tributary of the Gonokawa River system, Shimane Prefecture. 0-year-old fish of 50–70 mm total length ( TL ) occurred in the study area from June to July, grew to 90–140 mm  TL by the following April, and attained 160–210 mm  TL by December. This fish grew rapidly in September–November and April–July, almost ceasing to grow in July–September. It seems that this stagnant growth phase in summer is a characteristic of the seasonal growth pattern of C. kazika . A rearing experiment indicated that the growth rate of C. kazika was higher at 16–22°C than at 12–14 and 24–26°C. This result supports the field evidence of a stagnant growth phase in summer in the Nigorikawa River.     

中华绒螯蟹蜕皮抑制激素基因单核苷酸多态与性早熟的关联性分析

该研究以中华绒螯蟹MIH基因编码区序列的10个单核苷酸多态位点(SNPs)为研究目标,采用性状-基因型分析方法研究了MIH基因变异与河蟹性早熟性状之间的相关性。结果表明,位于MIH基因内含子(Intron2)上一个SNP位点(SNP g.2466 C>T)与中华绒螯蟹性早熟之间存在着较具统计学意义的相关性(OR=0.459,95%CI 0.223-0.944,P=0.034)。     

A meta‐analysis of the effects of dietary marine oil replacement with vegetable oils on growth,feed conversion and muscle fatty acid composition of fish species

The effects of the replacement of marine oils (MO) with canola oil (CO), linseed oil (LO) and soybean oil (SO) on growth, feed conversion and major muscle fatty acid (FA) classes were quantified using a meta‐analysis of published results. There was an absence of relationships between levels of MO replaced and effect sizes for all outcomes. High heterogeneity when combining effects sizes according to fixed effects models imposed the stratification of values in MO replacement categories and the use of random effect models to calculate the summary statistics. Limited values at 50% and 60% hampered clear tendencies when compared to 100% MO replacement. A medium mean effect size (?0.3773, 95% confidence intervals = ?0.7325 to ?0.0222, n = 22) for growth was obtained when replacing all MO with CO, whereas LO (?1.5609, 95% confidence intervals = ?2.3584 to ?0.7633, n = 19) and SO (?1.0589, 95% confidence intervals = ?1.7197 to ?0.3980, n = 22) resulted in high negative effect sizes. This study quantified the extent of differences in production parameters caused by dietary MO replacement with VO and could serve as reference for future experimental studies.