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抗生素对肉鸡生长、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
试验研究饲粮中添加维吉尼亚霉素、恩拉霉素或黄霉素对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肌肉品质的影响。试验采用完全随机设计,将216只1日龄AA肉仔鸡随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每重复6只鸡(公、母各半)。基础饲粮为无抗生素对照组,其余处理在基础饲粮中分别添加维吉尼亚霉素(5、10、20mg/kg)、恩拉霉素(1~21日龄5mg/kg,22~42日龄3mg/kg)或黄霉素(5mg/kg)。与无抗生素对照组相比,添加维吉尼亚霉素和恩拉霉素显著提高11~21日龄平均日增重(ADG)及22~42日龄平均日采食量(ADFI)和ADG(P0.10)。添加黄霉素可显著提高22~42日龄ADG(P0.10)。黄霉素组胸肌滴水损失显著降于维吉尼亚霉素组(P0.10)。维吉尼亚霉素、恩拉霉素对屠宰性能和肌肉品质均无显著影响(P0.10)。结果表明:饲粮中添加维吉尼亚霉素、黄霉素和恩拉霉素均可改善肉仔鸡的生长性能,对其屠宰性能均无影响;维吉尼亚霉素和恩拉霉素对肉鸡肌肉品质无显著影响,而黄霉素可降低鸡胸肌滴水损失。 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2006,15(3):383-393
Providing broilers diets formulated to a high amino acid density early in life improves subsequent growth performance and meat yield. Diets formulated to high amino acid concentrations beyond 5 wk of age may increase breast meat yield but may not be economically justified. This study examined growth, meat yield, and economic responses of broilers provided diets varying in amino acid density from 36 to 59 d of age. Birds were given a 4-phase feeding program: starter (1 to 17 d), grower (18 to 35 d), withdrawal-1 (WD1; 36 to 47 d), and withdrawal-2 (WD2; 48 to 59 d of age). All birds were fed a common, high amino acid density diet to 35 d of age (HH). Broilers were provided diets characterized as being high (H), moderate (M), or low (L) in amino acid density for the WD1 and WD2 periods. Dietary treatments were HHHH, HHHM, HHHL, HHMM, HHML, and HHLL from d 1 to 59, with H, M, and L representing the diets fed during each of the 4 periods (starter, grower, WD1 and WD2).Cumulative feed conversion was improved when the HHHH feeding regimen was fed, whereas other final live performance measurements were not affected. Decreasing amino acid density (HHLL and HHHL) limited yields of breast fillets, tenders, and total white meat when compared with the HHHH regimen. As amino acid density decreased from HHHH to HHHM, HHMM, and HHML, carcass yield and breast meat yield were not affected. In general, providing the HHHH feeding regimen increased economic gross feeding margin compared with the other dietary treatments. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2015,24(2):105-114
The effect of hatch location and diet density on the prevalence of footpad dermatitis and growth performance in broiler chickens was studied. Broilers (Ross 308), incubated at 2 different hatch locations but originating from the same parent stock, were subjected to 2 feeding programs differing in energy content (2,750 vs. 2,950, 2,850 vs. 3,050, 2,900 vs. 3,100, and 2,900 vs. 3,100 kcal/kg for starter, grower I, grower II, and finisher diets, respectively) in a 2 × 2 factorial design (6 replicates per treatment combination). Broilers were housed under conditions and managed according to Dutch practice. Hatch location did not affect hatching results nor the prevalence and severity of footpad dermatitis, but did affect BW gain, feed, and water intake. A significant interaction was found between hatch location and feeding program; broilers fed the low-energy (LE) program had a better performance when hatched at Location 2 than at Location 1, whereas performance was similar for the high-energy (HE) broilers hatched at both locations. Broilers fed the LE program had similar BW gain but a higher feed conversion due to a higher feed intake as compared to broilers fed the HE program. In addition, moisture content of the litter in the pens with LE birds was higher than in pens with HE birds. As a result, broilers fed the LE program had more footpad dermatitis and hock burns at d 36 as compared to broilers fed the HE program. It is concluded that the HE feeding program is preferred to prevent footpad dermatitis and hock burn, and with respect to growth performance. The differences in growth performance between the 2 hatch locations merit further study but indicate the importance of the incubation and hatching environment and posthatch handling in relation to the growth performance of broilers on-farm. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2007,16(3):331-343
Two experiments were conducted to assess dietary amino acid density responses on mixed-sex broiler live performance, meat yields, and economics from 36 to 60 d. In experiment 1, broilers were fed a common feeding program to 35 d. Dietary treatments were high (H), moderate (M), and low (L) amino acid density from 36 to 47 d of age and H or L amino acid density from 48 to 60 d of age. Dietary treatments were high-high (HH), high-low (HL), moderate-low (ML), and low-low (LL) during a 60-d production period. In experiment 2, common diets were provided from 1 to 47 d of age. Dietary treatments were H, M, L, and suboptimum (S) amino acid density and fed from 48 to 60 d of age. In experiment 1, increasing dietary amino acid density to HH improved cumulative feed conversion (1 to 60 d) by 4 points over the ML- and LL-fed birds. Broilers provided the HH regimen had 0.6% more total breast meat yield than the LL-fed birds. In experiment 2, broilers fed the H feeding regimen lowered cumulative (1 to 60 d) feed conversion by 3, 5, and 6 points and reduced abdominal fat percentage by 0.28, 0.23, and 0.23%, respectively, compared with the M-, L-, and S-fed birds. Decreasing dietary amino acid density from H to S reduced total breast meat weight and yield by 47 g and 0.82%, respectively. In general, feeding HL (experiment 1) and H (experiment 2) diets increased gross feed margins over the other dietary treatments with diverse diet cost and meat price scenarios. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2006,15(2):312-325
This study examined growth responses and meat yield of broilers provided a 3- or 4-phase feeding schedule formulated to moderate or high nutrient density. Four dietary treatments were implemented consisting of high or moderate nutrient density diets that were provided for the duration of 3 phases (1 to 17, 18 to 35, and 36 to 56 d) or 4 phases (1 to 17, 18 to 35, 36 to 46, and 47 to 56 d).Provision of a 3-phase schedule did not alter growth performance, meat yield, or diet cost per final BW. Broilers receiving high nutrient diets had improved growth rate and feed conversion from 1 to 35 d. In the 3-phase schedule, birds given the high nutrient density diets had advantages in BW gain and pectoralis minor breast weight. Market changes in meat prices impact differences in gross feeding margins between diets formulated to high or moderate nutrient density more than variation in diet cost. 相似文献
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用添加临床剂量100 mg/kg磺胺二甲嘧啶的饲料喂养40日龄麻黄鸡,连续用药3 d,分别在停药0、12、24、48、72、96、120、144、192、240、360、480、600 h时间点对肌肉、肝和肾组织采样,检测磺胺二甲嘧啶残留浓度。停药25 d后,肌肉组织残留量为0.054 mg/kg,肝和肾组织未检出磺胺二甲嘧啶,结果表明磺胺二甲嘧啶在麻黄鸡组织中停药期为25 d,《中国兽药典》2005年版中规定磺胺二甲嘧啶10 d的停药期是不尽合理的。 相似文献
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试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,选取800只1日龄罗斯308白羽肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复50羽鸡。对照组饲喂不加酶制剂的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验2～4组分别在基础日粮基础上分别添加250、350、500 g/t脂肪酶。试验期为42 d,分1～21日龄和22～42日龄两个阶段。结果表明：（1）玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加脂肪酶可改善肉鸡的生长性能;（2）脂肪酶添加水平为350 g/t可显著提高1～21日龄白羽鸡饲料转化率（P＜0.05）和22～42日龄白羽鸡平均日增重、饲料转化率（P＜0.05）;（3）饲料中添加350 g/t脂肪酶能显著提高脂肪、磷和干物质的表观利用率（P＜0.05）;（4）添加脂肪酶蛋白质表观利用率有提高的趋势（0.05＜P＜0.10）,钙的表观利用率显著降低（P＜0.05）。由此可见,肉鸡玉米-豆粕型日粮中脂肪酶添加水平为350 g/t时效果最佳。 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2008,17(4):446-453
Two experiments were carried out to estimate nutrient equivalency of a commercial multi-enzyme (Natuzyme) and its effects on broiler chick performance. Experiment 1 was carried out using a completely randomized design to evaluate the response of chicks to Natuzyme (with different equivalency values assigned by the producer) in corn-soybean meal-based diets. Dietary treatments 1 and 6 were negative and positive controls, respectively. Diets 2 through 5 were graded levels of nutrient equivalency values of Natuzyme. Each diet was offered to 5 replicates of 16 chicks (n = 480). In experiment 2, a total of 480 male Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 to 4 varied in ME, CP, and nonphytate P content, but in all cases, the ratio between these nutrients remained constant, and treatments 5 to 8 included graded levels of Natuzyme from 0.1 to 0.4 g/kg. Results of experiment 1 show that multi-enzyme supplementation could not restore chick performance to the levels equal to positive control. Equivalency values of Natuzyme for ME, nonphytate P, and CP obtained were 195,180 kcal/kg and 188.45 and 1,170%, respectively. As obtained in the first experiment, performance of chicks in the second experiment showed that Natuzyme did not liberate nutrient equivalency values recommended by the producer for broiler chicks when fed corn-soybean meal-based diets. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2006,15(3):367-382
Two studies examined responses of broilers to diets varying in AME from 30 to 59 d of age. A 59-d termination allows for evaluation of energy needs applicable to “big bird” programs, because research on nutritional needs for such programs is warranted. Two experiments were conducted: experiment (exp.) 1 having low temperatures whereas exp. 2 used moderate temperatures. The treatments in exp. 1 and 2 were AME concentrations ranging from 3,175 to 3,310 kcal/kg with CP, TSAA, and Lys being identical across all treatments. In exp. 2, an additional treatment consisted of a diet containing 3,310 kcal of AME/kg with CP, TSAA, and Lys being increased by 4% of those specifications used in the other treatments so as to minimize differences in energy:CP ratio.In both experiments, feed consumption and conversion decreased linearly as dietary AME increased, but breast meat yield was reduced with the high AME diet and only increasing amino acids in exp. 2 ameliorated the negative effect. Live production costs and gross feeding margin (bird return over feed costs) were optimized in exp. 1 with 3,220 kcal of AME/kg of diet, but 3,310 kcal of AME/kg of diet and increased amino acids were needed in exp. 2 for improved monetary returns. In both experiments, broilers had similar caloric consumption indicating that these broilers can compensate to varying dietary AME concentrations within practical limits. These results demonstrated that the response to dietary AME was more pronounced under moderate ambient temperatures. 相似文献
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Mahdie Nikbakhtzade;Heydar Zarghi;Abolghasem Golian; 《Veterinary Medicine and Science》2024,10(4):e1493
The current broilers have been greatly optimized for weight gain and breast yield, which necessitates the provision of nutrients-dense diets for maximum potential. 相似文献
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肉鸡组织中四种氟喹诺酮类药物休药期的探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选择27日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡,研究了四种氟喹诺酮类药物残留消除规律。饲喂剂量遵循《中国兽药手册》药物用量之规定,饲喂方式有四种药物单独饲喂、两种药物混合饲喂、四种药物混合饲喂三种类型,饮水给药,连续5 d。对不同停药时间所取鸡胸肉、鸡腿肉和肝脏样品中的药物残留进行分析,发现肝脏中的消除最慢,鸡腿肉中的消除最快。根据日本最高残留限量制定休药期,四种药物单独饲喂,氧氟沙星(OFL)、诺氟沙星(NOR)、环丙沙星(CIF)、恩诺沙星(ENR)的休药期分别为4 d、6 d、7 d、9 d;CIF和ENR两种药物联合饲喂时,休药期定为9 d;四种药物混合饲喂时,休药期定为9 d。根据我国最高残留限量制定休药期,四种药物单独饲喂,OFL、NOR、CIF、ENR的休药期分别为3 d、3 d、3 d、6 d;CIF和ENR两种药物联合饲喂时,休药期定为6d;四种药物混合饲喂时,休药期定为6 d。 相似文献