福建春大豆品种的产量结构与高产栽培技术

本文介绍了福建省育成的适应红黄壤山地种植开发的几个春大豆品种，对其进行了品比试验，研究了不同品种的产量结构以及高产栽培技术，对福建省春大豆生产具有一定意义。     

俄罗斯远东地区大豆科研生产概况

俄罗斯远东地区大豆科研生产概况黑龙江省农科院黑河农科所白雪梅远东地区是俄罗斯大豆的主产区，其大豆产量占全国的９０％。因此，远东地区的大豆生产水平也是俄罗斯的大豆生产水平。一、远东地区大豆科研现状俄罗斯大豆科研机构集中设在远东地区；主要机构有：全俄大豆...     

华东春豆生产科研协作会议在福州召开!

本届华东春豆生产科研协作会议,于1985年6月8日至10日在福州举行,是协作组成立以来的第三次会议,由福建省农业科学院耕作研究所筹办,参加会议的有江苏、浙江、江西、福建省的科研、生产,教学部门的代表53人,吉林省农业科学院、吉林市农业科学研究所和广西省农业科学院的代表列席了会议。 会议开始由浙江、江西、江苏和福建的代表就本省大豆生产、科研及加工综合利用情况作了汇报。张子金同志,费家骍同志,刘无畏同志分别就大豆育种,大豆综合加工     

福建省菜用大豆生产与研究动态

福建省菜用大豆生产与研究动态徐树传（福建省农科院）刘德全（福建农业大学）菜用大豆亦称毛豆，日本称枝豆，是指豆荚鼓粒饱满，荚色、籽粒色呈翠绿时采青食用的总称，属大豆的专用型品种。但并非所有大豆品种都可以作为菜用大豆生产，根据台湾、日本市场对菜用大豆品种...     

南方春大豆种植密度与肥料施用正交回归旋转试验

南方春大豆种植密度与肥料施用正交回归旋转试验福建省大田县科技术中心，３６６１００陈华塔福建省大田县农科所，３６６１００郑祥品本文根据我县春大豆田间试验所得资料，讨论春大豆在自然条件下综合农艺措施的数学模型，为生产上提供参考。一、试验设计与概况试验设计...     

关于泰国大豆生产科研情况的补充考察报告

关于泰国大豆生产科研情况的补充考察报告中国农业科学院王连铮１９９４年２月１９日－２６日在泰国清迈参加第五届世界大豆研究会议期间，由于此次会在泰国召开，泰国参加会议的科学家超过４００人，大会、小组会对泰国大豆生产和科研情况介绍较多。同时又和不少泰国科学...     

云南省大豆科研生产现状及发展潜力

云南省大豆生产目前正处在恢复和发展阶段，形势比较好。但无论是播种面积还是单产都未达到历史最好水平。本文拟从全省自然条件，生产水平，发展潜力，以及科研现状提出发展云南省大豆生产的设想，对云南省发展大豆产业有一定参考意义。     

大豆平作窄行密植栽培的增产机理与经济效益分析

本文较全面地概述了大豆窄密耕作的增产机理与经济效益，对大豆生产与科研具有一定的参考意义。     

发展我国优质大豆生产的几点建议

本文从我国当前大豆生产、加工形势出发，结合加入WTO以后的新形势．就如何提高大豆产量、改善品质、降低成本等方面提出：开拓大豆市场，完善“产、加、销”一体化，建立优质大豆生产基地，实行大豆优质优价政策，加强大豆科研生产工作以及如何运用WTO条款保护国内大豆产业的发展等建议。     

充分利用资源优势,发展安徽高蛋白大豆生产

系统地分析了我国大豆生产与世界大豆生产的差距；阐述了安徽省发展高蛋白大豆在品种资源、生态条件、科研水平及生产规模、交通运输、加工转化方面的优势，提出了发展高蛋白大豆生产的指导思想和具体目标。     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势

甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。