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从分子水平上研究和调控林木生长发育是林木生物技术发展的新趋势,然而由于林木作为研究材料的局限性,如难以在实验室操作和较长的生长周期等,大大阻碍了林木分子生物学的研究.拟南芥是植物学研究中最重要的模式植物,是进行植物分子生物学研究的极好材料.近年来的研究表明,草本植物拟南芥不仅可以为林木分子育种提供基因资源,还可以作为林木分子生物学研究的辅助手段,甚至可以直接作为林木发育分子机理研究的实验模型.本文重点讨论拟南芥在研究林木材质形成、生殖生长和休眠等独特生理规律上的重要价值,在此基础上提出合理运用拟南芥模型,结合林木本身的特点,建立林木与拟南芥的联合研究体系,是开展林木分子生物学研究的重要思路. 相似文献
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菌根对林木生理代谢影响研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
菌根作为自然界中最为普遍的一种植物-微生物共生体存在于绝大多数树种的根系中,具有较强的生态适应性和可塑性。在林木菌根形成过程中,菌根真菌参与根系乃至整个林木的生理代谢活动,从而促进林木生长,增强其抗逆性。因此,探究菌根对林木生理代谢的影响及作用机理是林木菌根应用的基础,具有重要的现实意义和科学价值。文中综述了近10余年来国内外有关外生菌根和丛枝菌根对于改善林木碳素营养,促进林木对氮、磷等矿质元素吸收、转运的途径与机制,以及在抗旱性、抗病性、抗重金属等生理代谢方面的研究进展,分析了当前我国林木菌根研究中存在的问题,并对未来研究进行展望,以期为我国林木菌根研究与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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选择四川省沐川县凉风坳亚热带次生常绿阔叶林为研究对象,在2004年5月、2004年12月和2005年5月对其林下土壤种子库、种子雨以及种子天然萌发状况等方面进行系统调查及分析研究。结果显示,种子下落前后土壤种子库储量,变动为643.2~889.2粒.m-2,物种和种子密度多年生草本物种均占优势。天然林土壤种子库Shannon-Wiener指数均在2004年5月最大,2004年12月次之,2005年5月最小;Simpson指数却和Shannon-Wiener指数H'的变化趋势相反;Pielou均匀度指数在2004年12月有所降低,此后又升高。种子均呈明显垂直分布,其中0~2 cm土层种子数量最多,其次是枯枝落叶层,其数量随着土层加深而降低。土壤种子库年输入活力种子142.3粒.m-2,年输出活力种子268.9粒.m-2,动物取食是造成种子损失的主要原因。对照人工林土壤种子库物种和密度均低于天然林地;种子库与地上植被物种相似性系数,人工林较高,而天然次生常绿阔叶林较低。 相似文献
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2006~2007年采用种子萌发法,对香格里拉亚高山不同退化森林群落的土壤种子密度、丰富度,物种组成及地上植被组成开展了调查研究。结果表明:(1)亚高山土壤种子库中共有42个种子植物,种子密度为471~891粒/m2;(2)退化林地种子库中的物种密度依次为重度退化>极度退化>中度退化>轻度退化>未退化,物种丰富度依次为轻度退化>未退化>极度退化>中度退化>重度退化;(3)多年生草本植物在5类群落中均占绝对优势,只在未退化林地中发现木本植物;(4)土壤种子库及地上植被在物种组成上具有较小的Jaccard相似系数;(5)11月份物种数量及种子密度比4月份及7月份高;(6)0~5 cm表土种子库中具有较高的物种数量及种子密度;(7)种子扩散、地上植物的无性繁殖及人工造林是恢复香格里拉亚高山退化植被的有效途径。 相似文献
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Introduction
The logging of several spruce plantations is planned for the next years in the Eifel National Park (Western Germany). To understand the ecological mechanisms of spontaneous forest regeneration that follows these impacts, it is crucial to investigate the species composition and functional diversity of the buried germinable seeds in those stands.Methods
We analysed the soil seed bank by germination method and characterised germination dynamics and distribution of seedlings throughout the samples according to a sigmoid model and cumulative curves, respectively. To compare the proportions of functional and syntaxonomical groups between seed bank and aboveground vegetation, we applied the Fisher??s exact test. Additionally, we described the spatial distribution of the species in the seed bank according to semivariograms.Results
The studied seed bank reached a density of about 5,300 seed?m?2. Most of the species detected in the seed bank are related to open vegetation, forest fringes and early successional stages of forest regeneration. In spite of a low floristic similarity between seed bank and aboveground vegetation, the functional and syntaxonomical composition is very similar. Further studies considering the distribution of seeds in the soil and the changes of the seed bank composition during the regeneration process are required. 相似文献14.
Atsushi Sakai Shigeho Sato Takeshi Sakai Shigeo Kuramoto Ryuichi Tabuchi 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(4):295-304
Compositions and spatial distribution patterns of buried viable seeds, and demographic transition from buried viable seeds to seedlings after clear-cutting were examined in a 75-year-old conifer plantation in southwest Japan. A part of the plantation was cleared in December 1997 and study plots were set up on a cleared site and a preserved site. Soil samples (a total of 105 l for the preserved plot and 90 l for the cleared plot) were collected from surface soils in spring 1998 and were incubated in a greenhouse for 120 days. There were an estimated 1064 buried viable seeds per square meter from 67 species in the preserved plot and 1754 seeds/m2 from 53 species in the cleared plot. The soil seed bank was from mostly low density species with some high density species, and contained many pioneer species that were absent in the floor vegetation. Buried viable seeds were clumped together, especially in gravity-dispersal species. Although plenty of buried viable seeds were pooled in the soil, few seedlings emerged on the forest floor. In contrast, a number of seedlings, including many pioneer species, emerged in the cleared plots, showing a positive correlation between seed weight and germination rate. It is assumed that dominance of the seedlings established after clear-cutting depends on germination rates and/or growth rates of the seedlings rather than the initial density of buried viable seeds. These results suggest strong contribution of the soil seed bank to the establishment of the secondary vegetation after disturbance in a mature conifer plantation. 相似文献
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柏木种子雨在8月底开始降落,10月达到顶峰,翌年5月结束,历经9个月左右。整个过程呈单峰曲线,10~11月的种子雨量占全年的67.5%。种子雨时间变化格局差异极显著,而水平空间分布格局没有显著差异。种子雨中柏木种子的年均密度为5 982.2粒.m-2。63.4%的柏木种子直径大于2.5 mm,构成了柏木种子雨的主体。由于这一级别柏木种子的萌发能力较强,因此三峡地区柏木林的更新能力强。柏木林中非柏木种子的种子雨每年主要发生在1月和5月,形成2个高峰,年均种子雨密度为1 842.8粒.m-2。土壤种子库中柏木种子的平均密度为608.8粒.m-2。柏木种子在土壤种子库中垂直分布格局差异极显著。0~2 cm土壤层所分布的柏木种子占种子库中柏木种子的80.49%。其它土壤层次所含有的种子比例很低,且萌发能力较低,因此,柏木林的更新主要依赖于表层土壤种子库的种子。柏木种子在种子库中的水平分布格局虽然随坡位的不同而有所变化,但是差异不显著,表明整个柏木林的更新能力在水平格局上无显著差异。 相似文献
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Sheikh Harun-or-Rashid Shekhar R. Biswas Reinhard Böcker Michael Kruse 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009
The objective of this study was to compare the variation in the soil seed banks and the aboveground vegetation in relation to three habitats, i.e., swamp forests, grassland and sand dunes within the Sundarbans mangrove forests of Bangladesh. We collected vegetation data (species and their percentage cover) by using quadrat sampling: 10 m × 10 m for swamp forests and 5 m × 5 m for grassland and sand dunes. We estimated the density of viable seeds of species in the seed bank by counting germinants from soil cores in a germination chamber. Species richness and composition of both aboveground vegetation and the soil seed banks differed significantly among habitats. We identified a total of 23 species from the soil seed bank. Of these, two were true mangrove species and the remaining were non-mangrove species, including halophytic grasses, herbs and mangrove associate species. Our results confirm that mangrove species do not possess a persistent soil seed bank. The presence of high-density non-mangrove and associated mangrove species in the soil seed bank implies that after frequent catastrophic disturbances which limit incoming propagules from adjacent forest stand, large canopy gaps can easily become invaded by non-mangrove and mangrove associate species. This would result in the formation of a cover of non-mangrove species and cryptic ecological degradation in mangrove habitats. We suggest that forest managers should actively consider gap plantations with mangrove species in the large canopy gaps created after catastrophic disturbances to counteract the invasion of non-mangrove species and cryptic ecological degradation. 相似文献
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Characteristics of soil seed bank in plantation forest in the rocky mountain region of Beijing, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We investigated characteristics (scales and composition) of soil seed banks at eight study sites in the rocky mountain region of Beijing by seed identification and germination monitoring. We also surveyed the vegetation communities at the eight study sites to explore the role of soil seed banks in vegetation restoration. The storage capacity of soil seed banks at the eight sites ranked from 766.26 to 2461.92 seeds·m -2 . A total of 23 plant species were found in soil seed banks, of which 63 80% of seeds were herbs in various soil layers and 60% of seeds were located in the soil layer at 0 5cm depth. Biodiversity indices indicated clear differences in species diversity of soil seed banks among different plant communities. The species composition of aboveground vegetation showed low similarity with that based on soil seed banks. In the above- ground plant community, the afforestation tree species showed high importance values. The plant species originating from soil seed banks represented natural regeneration, which also showed relatively high importance values. This study suggests that in the rocky mountain region of Beijing the soil seed banks played a key role in the transformation from pure plantation forest to near-natural forest, promoting natural ecological processes, and the role of the seed banks in vegetation restoration was important to the improvement of ecological restoration methods. 相似文献
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Inga Schmidt Christoph Leuschner Andreas Mölder Wolfgang Schmidt 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009
How tree species diversity affects ecosystem functioning is a topic of intensive research. This study compares monospecific and species-rich broad-leaved forests under similar bedrock and climate conditions for the size and composition of their seed bank. We tested the hypotheses that (i) the actual herb-layer vegetation has an only weak influence on the composition of the seed bank, (ii) the species diversity of the seed bank increases with tree-layer diversity, and (iii) tree species forming a more persistent litter layer reduce the number of germinating seeds. The number of seeds and their species composition were investigated in soil cores taken from three soil depths (0–5, 5–10 and 10–20 cm; n = 4, with each 6 sub-samples) in 9 study plots differing in tree species diversity (3 monospecific Fagus plots, 3 plots with Fagus, Fraxinus and Tilia, and 3 plots with Fagus, Fraxinus, Tilia, Carpinus and Acer). Tree species diversity had a much stronger influence on the size and composition of the seed bank than herb-layer diversity or composition, the latter revealing only a low similarity to the corresponding seed bank. The number and species diversity of emerging seedlings decreased significantly with the amount of acidifying Fagus litter, but increased with litter mass of Tilia and other trees with nutrient-rich, rapidly decomposing litter. We conclude that tree species diversity does not influence the seed bank through effects on herb-layer composition, but mostly through differential disturbance histories of the stands and litter quality effects on germination and soil chemistry. From the contrasting effects of Fagus and Tilia leaf litter, it appears that effects of tree species identity are more relevant than influences of tree species diversity itself. 相似文献
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Assessing the characteristics of seed supply will be vital to better understand the dynamics of forest regeneration. In this study, we surveyed the aboveground vegetation, the seed rain, the seed bank, and natural seedling emergence in four typical 24-year-old plantations (eucalyptus, mixed-native, mixed-legume, and mixed-conifer) and a naturally successioned shrubland in southern China. The dominant species in the understory were similar among the five plant communities. The seed rain and the seed bank were dominated by shrubs and herbs but indigenous tree species were rare. Species that were common to all five-plant communities represented a great proportion of the seeds in the seed rain and seed bank. The seed rain consisted mostly of seeds derived from the local plant community. Seed abundance was greater in the seed bank than in the seed rain, and species richness was greater in the seed bank and in the corresponding plant community than in the seed rain. Species composition similarity between the seed rain, the seed bank, and the aboveground vegetation was low, because the seed rain contained much fewer species, and the seed bank and aboveground vegetation contained many different species, respectively. These findings indicate that both the seed rain and the seed bank play important roles in providing seeds for plant recruitment in the understory, but the seed bank contributes more than the current seed rain to the diversity of recruited plants. The current plant community has little impact on the qualitative composition of the seed rain and seed bank. Based on these data, it appears that succession to the desired zonal, mature forest community is unlikely to result from seeds in the seed rain or seed bank. Lack of seed availability of desired zonal mature forest species is the main bottleneck currently limiting succession in the plantations. Reintroduction of late-successional species could facilitate the desired succession. 相似文献
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To better understand the potentials of the soil seed banks in facilitating succession towards a more natural forest of native tree species, we quantified the size and composition of the soil seed banks in established plantations in South China. The seed banks were from four typical 22-year-old plantations, i.e., legume, mixed-conifer, mixed-native, and Eucalyptus overstory species. Species diversity in the seed banks was low, and the vegetation species differed from those found in the seed bank in each plantation. A total of 1211 seedlings belonging to eight species emerged in a seedling germination assay, among which Cyrtococcum patens was most abundant. All species detected were shrubs and herbs, and no viable indigenous tree seeds were found in soil samples. Size and species composition of the seed banks might be related to the overstory species compositions of the established plantations. The seed bank density in soils was highest in the mixed-conifer plantation followed by Eucalyptus, mixed-native, and legume plantations. Species richness among the seed banks of plantations was ranked as follows: Eucalyptus > mixed-conifer > mixed-native = legume. The results indicated that the soil seed banks of the current plantations are ineffective in regenerating the former communities after human disturbances. Particularly, the absence of indigenous tree species seeds in the seed banks would limit regeneration and probably contribute to arrested succession at the pioneer community stage. It would appear from these data that the soil seed banks under the current plantations should not be considered as a useful tool leading the succession to more natural stages. Introduction of target indigenous species by artificial seeding or seedling planting should be considered to accelerate forest regeneration. 相似文献