重视支原体病的控制 提高养鸡生产水平

重视支原体病的控制提高养鸡生产水平傅先强（北京市种禽公司１０２２０９）禽的支原体病是由鸡败血支原体（ＭＧ）、滑膜支原体（ＭＳ）和火鸡支原体（ＭＭ）引起的。鸡败血支原体主要感染鸡、火鸡，也感染其他禽类，引起呼吸道疾病，在鸡群中长期流行，导致母鸡产蛋下降...     

鸡败血霉形体病的病症及综合防治

鸡败血霉形体病，又称慢性呼吸道病（CRD），是鸡的慢性呼吸道传染病。鸡败血霉形体属于霉形体科霉形体目的致病种，主要病原有败血支原体（MG）、滑液支原体（MS）和火鸡支原体（MM）3种，并以MG危害最大。该病原对外界环境有一定的抵抗力，在尘埃、饲料、饮水及低温环境可长期存活。     

禽败血支原体病的预防与控制

禽败血支原体病主要是指鸡或者火鸡的一种慢性呼吸道传染病。１病原迄今为止确认对鸡致病的支原体仅有三种:一是引起鸡的慢性呼吸道病和火鸡的传染性鼻窦炎的禽败血支原体（ＭｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａＧａｌｌｉｓｅｐｔｉｕｍ，ＭＧ）;二是引起鸡和火鸡亚临床或临床感染的滑液膜支原体（ＭｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａＳｙｎｏｖｉａｅ，ＭＳ）;三是引起火鸡气囊炎的火鸡支原体（ＭｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａＭｅｌｅａｇｒｉｄｅｓ，ＭＭ）。鸡败血支原体一般为球形、卵圆形,有时为棒状或球杆状,大小约为０．２～０．５μｍ,利用瑞氏染色液或姬姆萨染色液染色时…     

肉鸡败血性霉形体病与大肠杆菌病混合感染的防治

肉鸡败血性霉形体病与大肠杆菌病混合感染的防治王进友（山东省乳山市新乳集团有限责任公司，２６４５００）鸡败血支原体病（又称慢性呼吸道病）和鸡大肠杆菌病，是近几年肉鸡场的常见病和多发病，３～７周龄鸡最容易感染。由于同属条件性、接触性传染病，两病既可并发又...     

鸡毒支原体的诊治

禽类体内可分离出多种禽支原体，而对鸡最常见的致病性支原体是败血霉形体病（鸡毒支原体）、滑液囊支原体病和火鸡支原体病3种。鸡毒支原体病引起鸡和火鸡的呼吸困难，是一种慢性呼吸道传染病，其特征为咳嗽、流鼻液、呼吸道罗音和呼吸困难。成年鸡呈隐性感染，在鸡群中长期存在，不易清除。     

支原体与大肠杆菌混合感染的诊治

鸡支原体病又叫霉形体病,病原主要有败血支原体和滑液囊支原体两种,败血支原体引起鸡的慢性呼吸道病,滑液囊支原体引起鸡关节炎和呼吸道。本病     

鸡群败血支原体的血清学调查

鸡群败血支原体的血清学调查王民民孙冰爱牛隽（华安禽业集团公司，西安７１００６５）鸡败血支原体（以下简称ＭＧ）在鸡通常表现为慢性呼吸道病，在火鸡为传染性窦炎。其特征为呼吸罗音、咳嗽、流鼻液等。临床表现通常是慢性的漫长病程。由于鸡群感染ＭＧ而易导致象大肠...     

消除鸡支原体病垂直传播的方法

鸡支原体病又称鸡霉形体病、鸡败血支原体病、鸡败血霉形体病、鸡慢性呼吸道病和鸡呼吸支原体病等.是由鸡败血支原体(MG)引起的鼻道、气管、支气管和气囊的慢性进行性疾病,表现流鼻涕、咳嗽、气喘、呼吸罗音、消瘦和生产性能下降.我国各地养鸡场普遍存在,并常与其它疾病病原体混合感染,使病情恶化,损失更加严重.……     

鸡支原体病及其预防高效制剂

鸡支原体病又称鸡败血支原体病、鸡慢性呼吸道病等。它是由鸡败血支原体(M．gamcepticum)、火鸡支原体(M.meleagrdis)引起的气管和气囊慢性进行性疾病，同时伴有鸡体消瘦和生产性能下降。     

鸡败血支原体病诊断与防治

鸡败血支原体病又称为鸡慢性呼吸道疾病,是由鸡败血支原体引起的一种慢性呼吸道疾病,主要表现为慢性呼吸道症状,咳嗽、呼吸急促、湿啰音。鸡败血支原体病虽然不会造成严重的死亡率,但是鸡群一旦患病将会很难清理,隐性带菌鸡会反复感染鸡群,最终给饲养者造成严重的经济损失。最近几年,随着伊通满族自治县禽类养殖产业不断发展,鸡败血支原体病的报告病例呈现增多趋势,常常因为防治不及时给饲养者造成严重的经济损失,笔者就一起鸡败血支原体病的诊断和防治进行了分析。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …