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玉米穗腐病是玉米生长后期的重要病害之一,又称玉米穗粒腐病,属世界性病害。一般品种发病率为5%~10%,感病品种发病率可达50%左右,造成严重损失。
1玉米穗腐病的诊断 相似文献
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井岗霉素防治玉米穗腐病的试验研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
本研究筛选出防治玉米穗腐病的有效药剂──20%并岗霉素可温粉,防效可达85%以上。其用药的关键是在玉米大喇叭口期制成药土点心叶(喇叭口),也可在吐丝期对穗苞喷雾,但效果不如前者;用药量以每公顷3000g为宜;井岗霉素对玉米生长十分安全;防治成本与收益比为1:16.9~22.6。 相似文献
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水稻穗腐病病原分离、鉴定及生物学特性 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
水稻穗腐病(rice spikelet rot disease,RSRD)是近年上升较快的一种水稻穗部重要病害,影响水稻产量和稻米品质。从稻穗发病谷粒中,共分离到4种真菌,经形态学、生物学及分子生物学鉴定,分别为层出镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferatum)、澳大利亚平脐蠕孢菌(Bipolaris australiensis)、新月弯孢菌(Curvularia lunata)和细交链孢菌(Alternaria tenuis)。4种病原菌均能在温度4℃~40℃、pH 3~12条件下生长,最适的温度范围是25℃~30℃,不同菌最佳产孢的pH值差异较大。4种菌均能在供试的碳、氮源培养基上生长,不同的碳、氮源对各菌的菌丝生长和产孢的影响不同。穗腐病是由多种病原菌引起的水稻后期穗部褐变病害,病原菌具有多样性、复杂性和致病性分化的现象。 相似文献
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杂交晚稻穗粒结构观察分析 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
对多个两系和三系杂交晚稻新组合的穗总粒、一次枝梗、二次枝梗、结实率和空秕率等穗粒性状进行了观察分析,指出了穗粒主要性状差异主要来源于组合本身,一次枝梗性状较稳定,二次枝梗受营养和环境条件影响较明显。从而为新组合的选育及高产栽培提供了依据。 相似文献
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【目的】水稻在孕穗期比苗期更容易感染穗枯病(Bacterial panicle blight of rice)并出现病症。本研究旨在探究水稻不同时期对穗枯病的抗性机理,为培育抗病水稻品种奠定基础。【方法】采用喷雾法和注射法分别对苗期和孕穗期的抗、感病水稻品种接种颖壳伯克氏菌(Burkholderia glumae),测定处理组与对照组的3种抗氧化酶(POD、CAT、SOD)活性的差异,并利用实时荧光定量PCR测定5种防卫反应基因(PR1a、PR10b、Rcht、LOX、PAL)的表达量。【结果】B.glumae的侵染能引起水稻活性氧的积累,提高抗氧化酶活性,使部分防卫反应基因大量表达,但是苗期和孕穗期的应答有较大区别。水稻孕穗期的抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT和POD)活性和防卫反应基因(PR10b、Rcht和PAL)的表达量比苗期高,但PR1a和LOX的表达量却低于苗期。【结论】B.glumae能诱导孕穗期的水稻产生更多抗病反应,参与抗病反应的主要是水杨酸信号传导途径。 相似文献
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Sun Lei Ling Wang Lianmeng Liu Yuxuan Hou Yihua Xu Mengqi Liang Jian Gao Qiqin Li Shiwen Huang 《水稻科学》2019,26(1):60-68
Rice spikelet rot disease (RSRD), caused by Fusarium proliferatum, is an emerging disease. So far, the effects of diseased rice floral organs as well as the primary infection sites and stages of this pathogen are not determined. We investigated changes in the floral organs, along with the infection processes of the pathogen in plants inoculated with F. proliferatum and labelled with a green fluorescent protein during different growth stages of rice. The results showed that RSRD is not a systemic infectious disease, which has negative effects on the fertility of the infected rice. F. proliferatum caused brown colored anthers, crinkled pistils and ovaries, pollen grain deformities and anther indehiscence. The number of pollen grains on the stigmas decreased significantly in the infected spikelets, and the anther dehiscence and seed-setting rate successively declined by 69% and 73%, respectively, as a result of the infection. The initial infection stage occurred at the pollen cell maturity stage, and the primary invasion sites were determined to be the anthers of rice. It was noted that the pathogen mainly damaged the pollen cells, and with the exception of the filaments, proceeded to colonize the pistils and endosperm. 相似文献
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目的 旨在确立稳定高效的水稻穗腐病人工接种技术,鉴定不同菌株致病力。利用已有的伏马菌素检测方法分析测定两种培养基中不同菌株的伏马菌素合成能力,基于上述方法筛选强致病力高产伏马菌素菌株。方法 分别在水稻孕穗期和抽穗期采用注射法和喷雾法接种,观察不同时期、不同接种方法下层出镰刀菌的致病性和稳定性;利用适合的接种方法和液相色谱-串联质谱检测法比较不同菌株的致病力和产毒能力。结果 在花粉母细胞减数分裂期-花粉母细胞成熟期采用注射法接种水稻穗腐病,发病率较高且稳定;在花粉母细胞形成期-始穗期接种对水稻产量影响较大。基于该方法成功筛选出了强致病力菌株FP4、FP6、FP8、FP9、FP10;经HPLC-MS/MS分析测定了层出镰刀菌产生伏马菌素能力,获得了强致病力高产毒菌株FP4和FP9。稻谷培养基比玉米培养基更适合层出镰刀菌合成伏马菌素。结论 水稻穗腐病初侵染为花粉母细胞形成期-花粉母细胞减数分裂期,最佳侵染时期为花粉母细胞形成期-齐穗期;穗腐病对水稻产量的影响与感病时期密切相关。 相似文献
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利用长雄野生稻地下茎无性繁殖特性培育多年生稻已经成功,并在生产上进行了示范推广。为明确多年生稻品种(系)对白叶枯病的抗性表现,通过田间病情调查、抗性水平鉴定和水稻白叶枯病抗性基因检测3种方法,对多年生稻品种(系)多年生稻23(简称PR23,下同)、云大24(PR24)、云大25(PR25)、云大101(PR101)、云大107(PR107)及其父本长雄野生稻、母本RD23和F1(RD23/长雄野生稻)的白叶枯病抗性进行评价。结果表明,长雄野生稻高抗白叶枯病;尽管PR23、PR24、PR25、PR107携带白叶枯病抗性基因Xa1、Xa4、Xa23、xa25的等位基因,但在田间自然发病条件下均易感白叶枯病,说明这几个抗性基因对这4个多年生稻品种(系)不起抗病作用;而PR101在田间自然发病条件下表现为抗白叶枯病,并含有白叶枯病抗性等位基因xa25、Xa27,说明这2个基因可能是PR101抗白叶枯病的基因。本研究结果为明确多年生稻对白叶枯病菌的抗病反应,以及抗白叶枯病育种和多年生稻生产布局提供了一定依据。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):279-288
AbstractSpikelet number per panicle (SPP), differentiated spikelet number per panicle (D-SPP), and preflowering aborted spikelet number per panicle (A-SPP) were examined in five rice cultivars at three planting densities (HD; high, MD; medium, LD; low planting density) in the field condition. Rice plants at LD produced a higher panicle number per plant but lower panicle number per unit area, accompanied by higher D-SPP and SPP, on average. A-SPP and the ratio of A-SPP to D-SPP (%A) showedno consistent trends. There was a broader range of D-SPP values at LD than at HD because of larger D-SPP in higher order panicles (panicles with a higher spikelet number). D-SPP was smaller in lower order panicles in all cultivars and years, whereas %A increased. D-SPP and SPP of each panicle were positively correlated with tiller size (tiller height, leaf area, and neck internode diameter). Spikelet production efficiency for D-SPP or for SPP (spikelet number per leaf area) of each tiller was higher in IR65564-44-51 (NPT65) and Akihikari than in the other cultivars, indicating a greater capacity of tillers to produce spikelets or support spikelet growth. In each cultivar except NPT65, spikelet production efficiency for D-SPP increased as panicle order decreased, whereas spikelet production efficiency for SPP remained constant or decreased. This finding indicates that irrespective of planting density, lower order panicles produce more spikelets than they can afford physiologically, but they were regulated downward to a nearly constant value in four cultivars. In NPT65 different from other cultivars, spikelet production efficiency for D-SPP was lower in lower order panicles. 相似文献