土壤水分胁迫对胡杨、灰叶胡杨光合作用-光响应特性的影响

采用盆栽试验研究正常供水(土壤相对含水量70%～80%)、中度水分胁迫(50%～60%)和重度水分胁迫(30%～40%)条件下,胡杨和灰叶胡杨2年生幼苗光合作用-光响应特性.结果表明:胡杨、灰叶胡杨光合作用-光响应曲线符合非直角双曲线函数.在正常供水条件下,胡杨、灰叶胡杨的最大光合速率(Pn max)分别为24.59、16.68 μmol CO2· m-2s-1,表观光合量子效率(AQY)分别为0.059、0.036 μmol CO2·μmol-1photons,光饱和点(LSP)分别为603、517 μmol photons·m-2s-1,光补偿点(LCP)分别为42、41 μmol photons·m-2s-1、暗呼吸速率(Rd)分别为2.99、1.45 μmol CO2·m-2s-1.土壤水分胁迫能显著降低胡杨、灰叶胡杨Pn max、AQY、LSP,而对LCP及Rd无显著影响.无论在正常供水还是在土壤水分胁迫条件下,胡杨均表现出更高的光合活性,其Pn、Pn max、LSP、AQY及Rd值均比灰叶胡杨高,而LCP值,二者之间无显著差异.表明生长在同一生境中的胡杨对光照、土壤水分的生态适应能力高于灰叶胡杨.     

抗生素对火炬松的器官发生植株再生的影响(英文)

本文研究了氨苄青霉素、羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素等3种抗生素对火炬松愈伤组织的生长和分化及不定芽生根的影响。结果表明,头孢霉素最有利于愈伤组织的诱导和生长,羧苄青霉素最有利于芽的分化,氨苄青霉素降低了不定芽的生根频率。所有试验的3种抗生素提高愈伤组织的形成和芽再生,但降低了芽的生根频率。这些结果表明,选择合适的抗生素对优化火炬松遗传转化体系有重要作用。图3表4参25。     

克服胡杨与小叶杨远缘杂交障碍的研究

研究采用各种处理柱头的方法对胡杨(Populus euphratica)与小叶杨(Populus simonii)之间的杂交障碍进行研究,结果表明,用母本花粉提取液处理柱头的方法最为有效,其成苗率达到了73.68%,在此基础上对F1用回交、测交和自交的方法进行了遗传学分析,F1是真正的杂种,表明远缘杂交取得了成功。     

Influences of antibiotics on plantlet regeneration via organogenesis in Ioblolly pine （Pinus taeda L.）

Three antibiotics ampicillin, carbenicillin, and cefotaxime were evaluated for their effects on induction, growth, and differentiation of organogenic calli, as well as rooting of regenerated shoots of three Ioblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genotypes. Of the antibiotics administered, cefotaxime maximally increased the frequency of callus formation and growth rate of organogeni ccalli, carbenicillin maximally increased the frequency of shoot regeneration and the average number of adventitious shoots per piece of organogenic callus, ampicUlin maximally decreased the rooting frequency of regenerated shoots and mean number of roots per regenerated shoot, in comparison with antibiotic-free media. Compared with the control, ampicillin minimally increased the frequency of callus formation, cefotaxime minimally increased the frequency of shoot regeneration, and carbenicillin minimally decreased the rooting frequency of regenerated shoots in three Ioblolly pine genotypes tested. All three antibiotics increased the frequencies of callus formation and shoot regeneration, and reduced the rooting frequency ot regenerated shoots suggested that the establishment of an efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol for stable integration of foreign genes into Ioblolly pine need to select a suitable antibiotic. This investigation could be useful for optimizing genetic transformation of conifers.     

胡杨幼苗黑星病初步研究

对发生于新疆吉木萨尔是胡杨上的黑星病进行了调查研究，经鉴定该病是由山杨黑星孢菌[(Fusicladium tremulas (Fr.)Aderh]引起。病害的发病程度与品种有关，不同胡杨品种的感病程度依次为：胡杂1号＞胡杂3号＞胡杂4号＞胡杂2号＞胡杂5号；苗高、地径及叶甲数量与感病指数之间无显著相关性。     

胡杨、灰叶胡杨种子萌发期抗盐性的研究

新疆位于我国西北地区，由于位居欧亚大陆中心，四周距离海洋甚远，加上四周高山高原的阻挡及盆地内塔克拉玛干和库尔班通古特两大沙漠的“热锅效应”，更加剧了气候的干旱程度，从而形成了占统治地位的荒漠自然景观。     

酒泉地区胡杨容器育苗基质筛选试验

为筛选经济、优质的胡杨容器育苗基质,采用园土十生物有机肥十沙十蘑菇渣或秸秆(4∶2∶1∶3)基质、商品育苗基质、泥炭十珍珠岩十蛭石十生物有机肥(1∶1∶1∶1)基质、园土十沙十有机肥(5∶3∶2)基质进行胡杨容器播种育苗试验,通过基质理化性质测定和不同基质栽植胡杨容器苗的综合评价,结果表明:园土十生物有机肥十沙十蘑菇渣...     

胡杨叶片不同叶形的分形特征研究

通过测定阿拉尔地区胡杨相同叶形及不同叶形的叶片叶脉的分形特征,对胡杨叶片的分形特征进行了研究。结果表明:胡杨叶片存在柳形、卵状菱形和鸡爪形等3种叶形;同一株胡杨相同叶形的成熟未老叶片在统计意义上具有相似的分形特征;同一株胡杨不同叶形的成熟未老叶片的分形特征不同。     

水培胡杨抗盐特性的研究*

1987和1989年,利用1、2年生胡杨苗,在水培条件下,通过电导率仪控制培养液浓度,对受盐害苗木进行了分析。研究结果表明,几种盐对苗木危害的排序是:Na_2CO_3>NaHCO_3>NaCl>CaSO_4>MgSO_4>以NaCl为主的盐渍皮。CaSO_4对苗木没有毒害作用。1年生苗比2年生苗受盐害后症状明显,但总的趋势是一致的。蒸馏水催根苗木,在蒸馏水中加盐后死亡浓度是:Na_2CO_3 0.05％、NaHCO_3 0.07％、NaCl 0.17％、CaSO_4 0.7％、MgSO_4 1.9％、以NaCl为主的盐渍皮3.5％。0.1％相应盐水催根苗在盐水培养液中加盐后,抗盐极限提高到:NaCl1.1％、MgSO_4 3.5％、NaCl为主的盐渍皮3.7％。说明胡杨幼苗经过抗盐处理后,可以显著地提高抗盐害能力。     

不同水分条件下胡杨和新疆杨苗期叶绿素变化

在不同水分条件下,应用SPDA-502叶绿素测定仪测定了胡杨和新疆杨苗木旺盛生长期的叶绿素含量.结果表明:(1)在7月和8月,不同水分处理下胡杨和新疆的叶绿素含量变化存在差异,7月胡杨叶绿素含量随着水分降低呈现增长趋势,而新疆杨叶绿素含量表现出先升后降再升高的趋势.8月叶绿素的含量变化是随着水分的减少2个树种都呈现先升...     

Construction of cDNA Library from Populus euphratica

1 Introduction Populus euphratica is a salt tolerant tree species, which is mainly distributed in the desert regions in northwest China (Wei 1993). Moreover, it is the only large tree species, which can survive and develop into forest in these arid and saline-alkali areas. P. euphratica forest plays a very important role in restraining the expansion of desert, maintaining ecological environment in west China, protecting the biological diversity and raising the local people抯 living standard…     

胡杨引种与嫁接技术研究

以山西省北部风沙区为胡杨引种试验区,以新疆北部的石河子和南部的库尔勒为种源地,进行引种和种源对比试验,以群众杨和旱柳为砧木进行胡杨炮捻嫁接繁育试验。结果表明：根据栽植成活率和生长量,石河子为适宜种源;群众杨和胡杨的亲和力很高,嫁接成活率最高达81%,平均成活率69.5%,群众杨是胡杨嫁接繁育的适宜砧木;炮捻嫁接扦插成活后,在封垄高度达到25 cm,垄内水分充足,地温和气温很高的第2年7月,形成自生根系。     

Establishment of in vitro culture of Populus euphratica Olivier

The purpose of our study was to establish a regeneration system for micropropagation of Populus euphratica Olivier. On the basis of an analysis of plant leaf mineral nutrients, a special medium was proposed, called MP2. In optimizing media for in vitro plant cultures including MS, B5 and MP2 media we employed hormones, auxin IAA, cytokine benzyladenine (BAP) and gibberellic acid (GA) in our factorial experiments on media. Adventitious shoots were derived from cuttings of adult plants taken from Xingjiang, west China, on selected media with MP2 0.5 mg·L-1 BA 0.1 mg·L-1 NAA. The shoots were elongated on a medium with 0.25 mg·L-1 BAP, 0.1 mg·L-1 NAA and 2 mg·L-1 GA and were then rooted on a medium with 0.2-0.5 mg·L-1 IBA. All the media were incorporated with 30 g·L-1 sucrose and an adjusted pH at 6.3.     

浅析乌海市胡杨岛胡杨林移植技术与养护管理

对乌海市胡杨岛胡杨林移植的准备工作、移植技术及养护管理进行了综述,以期对今后的胡杨移植提供理论依据。     

初始盐胁迫下ABA与CaM对胡杨叶片气体交换的调控

以典型的耐盐树木胡杨(Populus euphratica)为试验材料,研究叶片气体交换对初始盐胁迫的响应机制.在初始盐胁迫下,胡杨叶片ABA和CaM水平提高,叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率和净光合速率相应迅速下降,表明ABA和Ca2 ·CaM参与了胡杨盐诱导的气孔关闭.5mmol·L-1钨酸钠(ABA合成抑制剂)、10mmol·L-1EGTA(胞外Ca2 螯合剂)和5 mmol·L-1LaCl3(Ca2 通道抑制剂)处理胡杨根部,对照苗木叶片的EVAP、Gs和Pn未受到影响,却提高了盐处理苗木(50 mmol·L-1NaCl,4h)的气体交换.结果显示,盐诱导内源ABA和CaM水平的提高导致了胡杨叶片的气孔关闭,这是因为:1)钨酸钠处理降低了盐处理苗木的ABA水平,增加了CaM的含量;2)EGTA或LaCl3处理显著降低了胡杨叶片的CaM水平,但ABA水平显著升高.此外,通过茎导入ABA来模拟盐诱导内源ABA水平的提高,发现茎部导入的ABA(10 μmol稬-1)能使胡杨叶片ABA和CaM水平迅速升高,叶片Gs、EVAP和Pn相应迅速下降,而先于ABA导入的5 mmol·L-1 LaCl3或5 mmol·L-1EGTA虽然提高了ABA的水平,但却显著降低了CaM水平,ABA诱导胡杨的气孔关闭也受到明显抑制.研究结果显示,钨酸钠、EGTA和LaCl3的使用,都能抑制盐诱导胡杨的气孔关闭,因此,在初始盐胁迫诱导胡杨气孔关闭的过程中,ABA和CaM很可能是共同作用:诱导胞质Ca2 水平升高,激活外向的K 通道和Cl-通道,诱导气孔关闭,从而降低经由蒸腾流进行的根冠盐离子运输.     

胡杨嫩枝不同嫁接技术效果分析

以胡杨为砧木,采用芽接和枝接方式就嫁接繁殖胡杨技术进行了试验研究,结果表明:选择2年生、地径0.7～1.2cm的胡杨是胡杨嫁接繁殖的优良砧木;而"T"型芽接是最佳的嫁接方式,其平均成活率可达90%以上;5月下旬、6月初为胡杨芽接的适宜时期,适时嫁接成活率高达95%,一般可保证成活率在80%以上。     

胡杨抗盐机理初探

对两年生胡杨（Ｐ．ｅｕｐｈｒａｔｉｃａＯｌｉｖｅ）和胡杨的杂种（密叶杨（Ｐ．ｔａｌａｓｉｃａＫｏｍ）×（胡杨＋白柳（ＳａｌｉｘａｌｂａＬ））实生苗进行５０ｍＭ和２００ｍＭ氯化钠（ＮａＣｌ）溶液的盐胁迫试验。得出胡杨的四种耐盐机制：（１）减少叶片的数量和面积；（２）叶柄肉质化（叶面积随盐胁迫的增加而减少）；（３）茎和叶片的斥盐性（高盐处理时，胡杨叶片中Ｎａ＋和Ｃｌ＋的含量只有胡杨杂种的三分之一）；（４）选择吸收Ｋ＋和Ｃａ２＋以抵抗盐离子的毒性，并保持膜的完整性（胡杨茎中Ｃａ２＋的含量随着盐处理浓度的增加而增加，叶片中Ｋ＋的含量却保持不变）。     

墨玉县天然胡杨林春尺蠖飞防试验研究

为有效防治春尺蠖,首先通过对墨玉县春尺蠖发生期进行监测,在掌握春尺蠖的最佳防治时期的基础上,在墨玉县胡杨林内进行了飞机防治试验。经虫情调查,从4月13日开始二龄幼虫数量逐渐增加,14日二龄幼虫占总虫口数的58%,为最佳防治时期;使用甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐防治春尺蠖,虫口减退率最高达到98.4%,平均为93.8%。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐是一种高效、快速、稳定、持效期长的生物农药,药剂效果明显。     

Nighttime transpiration of Populus euphratica during different phenophases

Evidence exists of nighttime transpiration and its potential impact on plant/water relations for species in a diversity of ecosystems. However, relevant data related to typical desert riparian forest species remains limited Accordingly, we measured sap flow velocity of Populus euphratica using the heat ratio method between 2012 and2014. Nocturnal stem sap flow was separated into nighttime and stem refilling using the ‘‘forecasted refilling'method. Nighttime transpiration was observed for each phenophase. The highest value was during the full foliation period but lowest during leaf expansion and defoliation periods. The contribution of nighttime transpiration to daytime transpiration was an average of 15% but this was comparatively higher during the defoliation period. Relationships between nighttime transpiration, vapor pressure deficits, and air temperatures were more closely associated than with wind speed in all phenophases. Moreover, we found that nighttime transpiration linearly correlated to vapour pressure deficit during the first and the full foliation periods, but nighttime transpiration showed exponential correlations to air temperatures during the same phenophases. Additionally, environmental drivers of transpiration were significantly different between nighttime and daytime(P \ 0.05). Driving forces behind nighttime transpiration were characterized by many factors, and integrated impacts between these multiple environmental factors were complex. Future studies should focus on these integrated impacts on nighttime transpiration, and the physiological mechanisms of nighttime transpiration should be investigated, given that this could also influence its occurrence and magnitude during different phenophases.