几种杀菌剂对草霉灰霉病菌的室内毒力测定

在实验室条件下,采用室内菌丝生长速率法测定了6种杀菌剂对草莓灰霉病菌( Botrytis cinerea)的毒力。测定结果表明,咪鲜胺、多菌灵、速克灵、扑海因、烯唑醇和三唑酮对草莓灰霉病菌的EC50值分别为0.0233 mg/L、0.0421 mg/L、0.1724 mg/L、0.2837 mg/L 、0.3021 mg/L和0.3263 mg/L。其中,草莓灰霉病菌对咪鲜胺最敏感（EC50值为0.0233 mg/L）。     

7种杀菌剂对玉米大斑病病原菌的毒力测定试验

研究旨在鉴定出玉米大斑病病原菌,筛选出防治玉米大斑病的最佳药剂。试验采用组织分离法对玉米大斑病病原菌进行分离鉴定,用含毒培养基生长速率法测定7 种杀菌剂对玉米大斑病病原菌的抑制效果。经分离鉴定,该病原菌为链格孢Alternaria alternate。毒力测定试验结果表明：药后48 h,异菌脲EC50值为0.27 mg/L,毒力指数最大,对链格孢菌抑制效果非常显著;丙环唑和苯醚甲环唑EC50值为0.51、0.53 mg/L,抑制效果较显著;氟硅唑和嘧霉胺的EC50值为1.66、1.91 mg/L,效果显著;代森锰锌和醚菌酯的EC50值分别为25.82、929.78 mg/L,毒力指数较低,抑制效果差;药后72 h 各药剂对链格孢的抑制效果与药后48 h 抑制效果相似。在7 种杀菌剂中异菌脲对链格孢菌抑制效果最好,当试验浓度为50 mg/L 时,抑制率可达95%。     

4种杀菌剂对葡萄灰霉病菌的毒力测定及复配试验

为了筛选出能有效防治葡萄灰霉病的药剂,为葡萄灰霉病的防治和复配制剂的研究奠定理论基础。采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了吡唑醚菌酯、咯菌腈、嘧菌环胺和啶酰菌胺4种杀菌剂对葡萄灰霉病菌的毒力,并研究吡唑醚菌酯和咯菌腈的复配效果。毒力测定结果表明：4种杀菌剂对葡萄灰霉病菌都有较强的抑制作用,咯菌腈的毒力最强,EC₅₀值为0.0845 mg/L;吡唑醚菌酯和嘧菌环胺的抑制作用次之,EC₅₀值分别为3.6023、5.6300 mg/L;啶酰菌胺的抑制作用最低,EC₅₀值为68.2860 mg/L。联合毒力测定和评价结果表明：吡唑醚菌酯和咯菌腈5种混配组合对葡萄灰霉病菌的EC₅₀分别为0.3483、0.5291、0.5741、1.8751、3.9185 mg/L,共毒系数(CTC)分别是397.50、166.64、28.75、4.85、2.24。配比为1:25时增效作用最明显,共毒系数(CTC)为397.50。     

丙烷脒防治番茄灰霉病效果初报

采用室内毒力测定和田间药效试验方法,对丙烷脒防治番茄灰霉病（Botrytis cirerea）进行了研究。丙烷脒对灰霉病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的EC50分别为2.1599 mg/L和2.7510 mg/L;在组织法测定中,丙烷脒对灰霉病表现出较高的保护和治疗作用;田间药效试验表明,丙烷脒在施用剂量为(a.i.) 90~180g/hm2、施药4次、间隔7d的条件下对番茄、黄瓜、草莓等作物的灰霉病有良好的防治效果,防效优于对照药剂嘧霉胺和腐霉利,与菌核净的防效相当。     

7种杀菌剂对茼蒿霜霉病的防效试验

为筛选出防治茼蒿霜霉病的最佳药剂,采用组织分离纯化的方法,鉴定出病原菌为莴苣盘梗菌(Bremia lactucae)。采用含毒培养基生长速率的方法进行防效试验,测定7种杀菌剂对莴苣盘梗菌的防治效果,结果表明,药后72 h,克菌灵EC50值为1.46 mg/L,毒力指数最大,对莴苣盘梗菌防治效果最显著;安克和大生EC50值分别为4.31、5.63 mg/L,防治效果较显著;甲霜灵的EC50值为9.19 mg/L,防治效果较好;普力克和杀毒矾的EC50值分别为26.31、101.32 mg/L,防治效果一般;优氯特EC50值最大,防治效果最差。药后96 h各药剂对莴苣盘梗菌的防治效果与药后72 h防治效果相似。在7种杀菌剂中克菌灵对莴苣盘梗菌防效最高,防治效果最好。     

丁子香酚对人参灰霉病防效较好

<正>沈阳农业大学植物保护学院科研人员近期采用菌丝生长速率法测定了14种生物杀菌剂对人参灰霉病菌的室内毒力,并进行了7种生物杀菌剂对人参灰霉病的田间药效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明:0.3%丁子香酚可溶液剂和2%蛇床子素乳油对人参灰霉病菌毒力最强,其EC50分别为0.129、0.623mg/L,2%春雷霉素水剂、10%多抗霉素可湿性粉剂、3%中生菌素     

湖南新田县茄果腐烂病的诊断及药剂筛选

2012年8月湖南新田县蔬菜基地发生茄子果实腐烂病,损失严重。从感病茄果上分离到一种真菌,镜检表明为茄褐纹拟茎点霉,此菌rDNA-ITS序列亦与茄褐纹拟茎点霉高度同源。因当地反映百菌清、多菌灵、代森锰锌等药剂均无明显效果,故尝试了室内试验以筛选出有效防治该病的药剂。采用菌丝生长速率法,用11种杀菌剂做了室内毒力测定。咪鲜胺对茄褐纹病菌的抑制效果最好,EC50值分别为0.021 mg/L;其次是甲基硫菌灵和苯醚甲环唑,EC50值是0.252 mg/L 和0.434 mg/L;百菌清与醚菌酯的抑制效果最差,EC50值分别为44.400 mg/L和54.470 mg/L。建议在病区选用咪鲜胺防治茄褐纹病。     

7种杀菌剂对寄生疫霉菌的毒力测定试验

旨在鉴定出潺菜病叶病原菌和筛选出防治寄生疫霉(Phytophthora parasitica Dastur)的最佳药剂。本试验对潺菜病叶进行了组织分离,经过纯化鉴定病原菌为寄生疫霉。试验使用7种杀菌剂并采用了含毒培养基生长速率法来测定对寄生疫霉的抑制效果。试验结果表明:药后48 h,百菌清的EC50值为13.60 mg/L,毒力指数较大,对寄生疫霉菌抑制效果非常显著;恶霜锰锌和代森锰锌的EC50值为16.99、28.62 mg/L,抑制效果较显著;甲霜锰锌、霜霉威和烯酰吗啉的EC50值分别为为56.23、57.16、60.71 mg/L,效果一般;二氯异氰的EC50值为319.21 mg/L,毒力效果较差;药后24 h各药剂对寄生疫霉的抑制效果与药后48 h抑制效果相似。在7种杀菌剂中百菌清对寄生疫霉抑制率最高,抑制效果最好。     

几种杀菌剂对草莓灰霉病菌的室内毒力测定

在实验室条件下,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了6种杀菌剂对草莓灰霉病菌(Botrytiscinerea)的毒力。结果表明,咪鲜胺、多菌灵、速克灵、扑海因、烯唑醇和三唑酮对草莓灰霉病菌的质量浓度EC50值分别为0.0233、0.0421、0.1724、0.2837、0.3021和0.3263mg/L。草莓灰霉病菌对上述6种杀菌剂均表现敏感,其中,供试草莓灰霉病菌对咪鲜胺最敏感。     

7种杀菌剂对番茄早疫病的防效试验

旨在通过测定7种杀菌剂对番茄早疫病的防效筛选对番茄早疫病的最优菌剂。对番茄早疫病叶上的病原菌进行分离和提纯,鉴定出病叶上的病原菌为茄链格孢Alternaria solani;采用含毒培养基菌丝生长速率法,测定7种杀菌剂对番茄茄链格孢菌的防效。结果表明:药后48 h,世高和施加乐的EC50值分别为0.27、0.81 mg/L,毒力指数最大,对茄链格孢菌有良好的防治作用效果;唑菌胺酯和克菌星的防效良好,EC50值为1.29、1.54 mg/L;扑海因和敌力脱也有较高的防效,EC50值为2.07、2.79 mg/L;大生防效较低,EC50值为5.17 mg/L。药后72 h,各药剂对番茄茄链格孢菌的防效与48 h相似。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Evolution under domestication involving disturbance of genic balance

Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected.     

Genetic variation for disease and nematode resistances and forage quality in perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality.     

Review of Effects of Active Components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on Central Nervous System

In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,...     

Effects of Pb on Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activity and Chemical Constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat...     

不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响

采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应.     

Isozyme variation between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth.

Summary Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids.     

Some physiological and photosynthetic characters of rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids

Summary Some photosynthetic characters as-leaf anatomy, leaf photosynthetic rate and CO₂ compensation pointdistinguishing C₃ and C₄ plants and physiological characters as leaf area ratio, nitrogen content, leaf stem ratio and total shoot-to-root and deep root-to-shoot ratios have been studied in rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids. Rice × sorghum 1. has lower values of photosynthetic rate, leaf nitrogen, total root and deep root-to-shoot ratio and CO₂ compensation point as of rice parent where as, rice × sorghym 2. is superior in all these characters. Both hybrids lack kranz anatomy. Though both rice × sorghum hybrids show characters of C₃ rice plant but rice × sorghum 2. has improved drought tolerance and leaf characters in relation to yield. Rice × wheat hybrid have higher assimilatory area and higher total root-to-shoot ratio. Grains of rice × wheat hybrids are identical to rice grain. However, as grains of rice × wheat hybrid does not contain seed coat, it could be exploited as novel rice germplasm after improvement.Abbreviations T CO₂ compensation point - T21 CO₂ compensation point at 21% O₂ - T2 CO₂ compensation point at 2% O₂ - dR/sR deep Root-to-shoot Ratio - LAR Leaf Area Ratio - CER photosynthetic rate - TR/SR Total Root-to-Shoot Ratio