鱼塘投饵机的控制及改进

随着养殖业的迅猛发展，投饵机在国外的水产养殖中已普遍应用。近年来。我国在一些网箱和池塘养鱼过程中也开始应用投饵机，目前有逐年增加的趋势。大水面网箱养鱼及池塘高密精养技术在全国各地推广应用则对投饵方式和技术提出了更高的要求。投饵机的投饵方式主要有气动式、螺旋输送式和离心抛物式。也有音响集鱼式的投饵机。但都存在操作麻烦、定时不准和投饵量难以准确控制等缺点。因此对投饵机的机电进行有效的改进是有必要的。简单介绍如下：     

黑龙牌—电子程控全自动投饵机的研制及应用效益分析

随着养殖业的迅猛发展,投饵机在国外的水产养殖中已普遍应用。近年来,我国在一些网箱和池塘养鱼,养蛙过程中也开始应用了投饵机,而且有逐年增加的趋势。投饵机的投饵方式有气动式、螺旋输送式,离心抛物式,也有电子控制的投饵船,有鱼动式投饵机,也有采用音响集鱼式的投饵机,     

大水面养殖中使用不同工作方式投饵机的比较

<正>在大水面养殖中,投喂饲料已不再是人工手动投喂或是就地取材天然青饲料喂养,而是普遍使用投饵机投喂颗粒或膨化饲料,以节省人工成本,提高工作效率。投饵机的种类繁多,针对不同水面、不同养殖模式投饵效果差异较大。本文主要讨论大水面养殖环境中箱式池塘投饵机与涡旋式抛撒投饵机投喂颗粒饲料时的投喂效果与经济效益的差异。一、投喂颗粒饲料的耐水散失情况水产饲料耐水性也称为"水产饲料水中稳定     

颗粒饲料投喂技术

集约化水产养殖模式逐步取代传统养鱼方式,鱼颗粒饲料在水产养殖中所占份额越来越重,颗粒饲料投饵机越来越普及,如何用投饵机科学饲喂鱼类,达到高产高效目的,已成为水产业的一个重要的技术环节。现将笔者在成鱼养殖过程中的几点实践体会拙笔如下,供广大养殖者参考:1.怎样驯化鱼     

网箱养鱼投饵技术的探讨

对网箱养殖吃食性鱼类投饵技术中的颗粒饲料适口性、投饵次数、投喂量等问题进行探讨     

鱼塘自动投饵机的科学使用

鱼塘自动投饵机因能自动定时、定量抛洒各种规格的颗粒饲料、节省人力、抛洒面积大且均匀、节约饲料等优点而倍受广大高密度养殖者的欢迎。但笔者通过多年的使用则认为,千万不要以为使用了投饵机就一劳永逸,一开机就万事大吉了,实际在使用中还有诸多问题。如何科学地使用它,应特别注意以下几个方面：     

淡水渔业机械的发展过程与应用

渔业机械的发展水平,对提高养鱼产量及经济效益,已经起到了决定性作用。淡水渔业机械经过三十多年的发展,已经形成了系列产品,如:增氧机,颗粒饲料机,投饵机,耕水机,底质改良机等,各种机械的产生与发展都经过了一个漫长的过程,目前虽说     

一种新型投饵机问世

经河南省水产科学研究所科研人员的努力,一种适用于网箱养鱼的新型投饵机研制成功。该型投饵机充分考虑网箱养鱼的特殊环境,采用管道输送,每台投饵机可以同时为一个或多个网箱进行投饵,并且可以对每个网箱的投喂量分别控制,解决了没有网箱养殖专用投饵机的问题。该型投饵机已经申     

一种新型投饵机问世

经河南省水产科学研究所科研人员的努力,一种适用于网箱养鱼的新型投饵机研制成功。该型投饵机充分考虑网箱养鱼的特殊环境,采用管道输送,每台投饵机可以同时为一个或多个网箱进行投饵,并且可以对每个网箱的投喂量分别控制,解决了没有网箱养殖专用投饵机的问题。该型投饵机已经申报专利,专利申请号为00264992.6。     

一种新型投饵机问世

经河南省水产科学研究所科研人员的努力,一种适用于网箱养鱼的新型投饵机研制成功。该型投饵机充分考虑网箱养鱼的特殊环境,采用管道输送,每台投饵机可以同时为一个或多个网箱进行投饵,并且可以对每个网箱的投喂量分别控制,解决了没有网箱养殖专用投饵机的问题。该型投饵机已经申报专利,专利申请号为00264992.6。     

发酵饲料投喂方式对斑点叉尾鮰生长、肠道菌群及代谢组学的影响

本研究对斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)的发酵饲料进行了合理饲喂,并确定了其对斑点叉尾鮰生长、肠道菌群和代谢组学的影响。实验设置3组：持续投喂组(A)(即在膨化饲料中持续添加发酵饲料),间隔投喂组即向膨化饲料中按周间隔添加发酵饲料(B),对照组仅投喂膨化饲料(C)。实验共持续6个月。实验结束后,对斑点叉尾鮰进行称重,并用16S rRNA扩增子测序技术和基于液相色谱的代谢组学技术分别检测斑点叉尾鮰肠道菌群组成以及代谢组学。结果显示,间隔投喂组斑点叉尾鮰终末体重(FBW)显著高于对照组和持续投喂组(P<0.05)。间隔投喂组的群落丰富度和多样性最高,持续投喂组群落丰富度最低(P>0.05)。厚壁杆菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteriota)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和异常球菌门(Deinococcota)是优势细菌门。优势肠道菌属包括未命名的叶绿体科中的一个属(norank_f_norank_o_Chloroplast)、分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)、鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)、罗姆布茨菌属(Romboutsia)、微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium)和狭义梭菌属(Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1)。代谢组学分析表明,持续投喂组主要通过N-乙酰-D-半乳糖胺显著上调影响肠道菌群半乳糖和磷酸转移酶系统代谢通路(P<0.05),进而影响鱼体对碳水化合物的消化吸收。而间隔投喂组差异代谢产物L-丝氨酸和L-苯丙氨酸显著上调(P<0.05),影响斑点叉尾鮰肠道菌群硫代谢、氨基酸代谢等,继而影响斑点叉尾鮰能量吸收、抗炎症和免疫等能力。本研究为斑点叉尾鮰发酵饲料投喂方式的探索和健康绿色养殖提供了理论依据。     

Effects of feeding frequency and feed type on the growth,feed utilization and body composition of juvenile olive flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus

A factorial (3 × 4) feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding frequency and feed type on the growth performance, feed utilization and body proximate composition of juvenile olive flounder. Three feed types including a sinking moist pellet (MP), a sinking dry pellet (DP) and a floating extruded pellet (EP) were used. Fish (average weight, 11.1 ± 0.4 g) were randomly distributed in thirty‐six 300 L tanks in a flowthrough system. Triplicate groups (30 fish per tank) of fish were fed each feed type to visual satiation at three meals per day, two meals per day, one meal per day and one meal every 2 days for 7 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the survival of fish was not significantly different among the treatments. Weight gain was affected by the feeding frequency. The highest weight gain was observed in fish fed the EP at three meals per day. The daily feed intake of fish fed the MP and DP tended to be higher than that of fish fed the EP at each feeding frequency. The feed efficiency and the protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the EP were higher than those of fish fed the MP and DP. The body proximate composition of fish was altered by the feeding frequency. The crude lipid content increased with the increase in the feeding frequency. The present findings suggest that three feedings per day at visual satiation of the floating EP may be sufficient for the maximal growth performance of olive flounder grown from 11 to 60 g.     

基于．NET的池塘养殖数字化管理系统

为了促进水产养殖健康发展,基于．NET Framework技术作为开发环境,Access作为后台数据库开发了一套池塘养殖数字化管理系统,并对系统进行了硬件架构和软件设计。硬件架构由水质监测与管理系统、自动投饵系统和投喂决策系统组成。根据测量的水温、溶氧量和酸碱度等信息,结合鱼类生长需要形成合理的投喂量和最佳的投喂时间,实现池塘养殖数字化管理。应用试验表明,系统能够对养殖水体进行实时监测和控制,达到精准投喂,系统平均降低饲料系数20％,提高摄食量1．5～2．0倍。     

First feeding of common wolffish on formulated dry feed diets in a low water-level raceway system

Wolffish (Anarhichos lupus) larvae were first fed in a low water-level raceway system, with two new types of formulated dry feed diets. Water level in the rearing tank was 1.5 cm. The fish showed a high preference for feeding from the surface. During the first week the fish experienced a drop in dry weights. The highest SGR of 5.8% was obtained between day 35–60. The best feeding regime gave a survival rate of 82 (2.5)%. Results indicate failure to initiate feeding as a main cause of mortality in the fed groups. Death by starvation occurred after 30–40 days. It is speculated whether the large difference in growth rates between the two feeding regimens is due to differences in carbohydrate levels between the two feed types. The rearing tank technology proved, with minor adjustments, to be self-cleaning and well suited for first feeding of wolffish.     

南方海区刺参养殖关键技术研究

利用福建宁德市南方海区冬季水温高、适合刺参生长的自然条件,秋后引进北方大规格苗种,采用海区筏式吊笼养殖模式,在选择养殖场所、饵料种类及投喂量、苗种及运输方法、确定合理养殖密度、适宜温度、养殖周期、病害防治与日常养殖管理措施等方面进行了研究,首次提出了在人工投喂以海带为主的饵料基础上,“定期添加鱼糜、糠虾粉、麦麸、面粉混合物补充营养”的人工投喂饵料方法,周期缩短到100～110d,获得良好成效。     

Reconditioning of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) after spawning

Resumption of feeding, growth, and pigmentation of sexually mature female Arctic char was accelerated by stripping fish of their eggs. Feed type was a secondary factor in the reconditioning of females, with moist food showing highest acceptance. The rate of reconditioning of males depended solely on feed type (moist feed providing most rapid recovery); stripping them of milt had no effect. Both egg stripping of females and the use of moist feed helped to re-initiate the feeding response in a shorter period of time.     

Immune responses of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus to stress in two different transport systems

We report the effect of transport stress on the immune responses of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. The total coelomocytes counts, phagocytosis activity, reactive oxygen species production, acid phosphatase activity, phenoloxidase activity and catecholamine levels were measured in A. japonicus following both damp and water transportation methods. With both transport methods, stress resulted in significant elevation of catecholamine levels. Total coelomocytes counts increased following transportation, whereas phagocytic activity and reactive oxygen species production decreased. Damp transport significantly depressed acid phosphatase and phenoloxidase activity in A. japonicus. However, there were no significant differences in acid phosphatase and phenoloxidase activity after water transportation. These results show that transport stress induces modifications in the immune system of A. japonicus and that damp transport elicited more severe stress than water transport. This study increased understanding of the mechanism of transport stress inducing neuroendocrine responses and immune modification in A. japonicus. The information obtained should be helpful to optimize transport process in sea cucumber culture.     

深水网箱养殖自动投饵计量装置设计

计量装置是深水网箱养殖自动投饵系统装备中精准投饵的关键。由于不同型号的饲料颗粒密度与体积存在差异,投饵进程中饲料密实度不断变化,导致投饵系统存在计量不准、误差较大的缺点。利用科里奥利力学原理,开发出一种不受饲料特性与重力场变化影响的计量系统装置,进行了装置的整体设计、框架构建,分析了关键参数的测量与计算方法。采用DSP数字信号处理器为控制核心,通过对扭矩与转速的测量与反馈控制,对计量误差进行动态校正,运用PID控制方法实时控制转速,从而精确控制计量给料。该装置能满足颗粒饲料精准计量和定量给料的要求,结构简单,计量精确度可达±1％,量程范围为0～15t·h-1,适合深水网箱集约化养殖精确投饵操作和管理。     

不同饲料料型及投喂频率对斑点叉尾鮰幼鱼生长及肌肉品质的影响

本研究旨在探究不同饲料料型及投喂频率对斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)生长及肌肉品质的影响。研究采用双因素试验设计,以饲料料型(膨化饲料,EF;颗粒饲料,PF)和投喂频率(2次/日,F2;3次/日,F3)为影响因素,共4个组,分别命名为EFF2、PFF2、EFF3和PFF3,每组3个平行,投喂8周,每天定时投喂两次(7:30和16:30)或3次(7:30, 12:00, 16:30)。结果显示,斑点叉尾鮰的末重和增重率受到投喂频率的影响,F2组显著高于F3组(P0.05);而饲料料型则对斑点叉尾鮰的生长无显著影响(P0.05)。颗粒饲料组的肌肉粗脂肪含量和内聚性、回复性显著低于膨化饲料组(P0.05),而硬度显著高于膨化饲料组(P0.05)。F3组的肌肉硬度、胶着性和咀嚼性则显著高于F2组(P0.05)。颗粒饲料组生肌调节因子5 (myogenic factor 5, Myf5)和肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)基因的相对表达量显著低于膨化饲料组(P0.05)。F3组肌肉中MSTN基因相对表达量显著高于F2组,而肌细胞生成素(myogenin,MyoG)基因相对表达量则呈现相反趋势。综上,投喂同种配方的膨化饲料和颗粒饲料对斑点叉尾鮰的生长效果相似,但是投喂颗粒饲料的斑点叉尾鮰硬度更大,而投喂膨化饲料则肌肉脂肪含量更高;斑点叉尾鮰的最佳投喂频率是每天2次。     

Converting Pond-Reared Walleye Fingerlings to Formulated Feeds: Effects of Diet,Temperature, and Stocking Density

Two feeds, two tempratures, and several stocking densities were evaluated to determine their influence on the success of training 50- to 60-day-old (2.2-2.6 g), pond-reared walleye. Stizostedion vitreum, fingerlings to formulated feed in intensive culture. The training period was 29-days and three cohorts (1987, 1988 and 1989) of pond-reared fish were used. In the 1987 trials, at an average temperature of 20.5°C, survival was not different between fish fed a hard, granular feed, W-16, the coolwater diet developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and those fed BioMoist Grower, a commercial, closed-formula, semimoist (soft) feed. However, young walleye grew faster (mm/day) on the BioMoist feed, but fish fed the W-16 feed, had a higher condition factor (K). in 1988, survival of fish reared at 20.1°C and 24.9°C was similar, 76 and 80%, respectively; however, in 1989, the difference in survival at 20.8°C and 25.2°C was significant (68 and 85%, respectively). With the exception of poor performance for one midrange stocking density (2.29 g/L) for the 1989 cohort, stocking density (0.87-3.21 g/L) had no effect on survival in any year. With one exception, the 2.29 g/L density category, there were no statistically significant itneractions between stocking density and temperature. In all years, most mortality was due to columnaris disease, which mailnly occurred during the first eight days of training trial; in most treatment groups, mortality stabilized for the rest of the training interval. Disease seemed to result from the stress of transportation and handling. Walleye are said to be "inherently" cannibalistic, but overall, cannibalism was a minor problem (3.2 to 6.9% of mortality); however, it was more acceptable stock densities, temperature, options for feeding, and other factors needed to successfully train pond-reared walleye to formulated feed.