巴沙鱼幼鱼耗氧率和窒息点的初步研究

在平均水温27．0℃条件下,测得平均全长11．1cm、平均体重12．0g的巴沙鱼幼鱼的耗氧量为3．8926mg／（尾·h）,耗氧率为0．3237mg／（g·h）,窒息点为0．5297mg／L。巴沙鱼昼间耗氧率明显高于夜间耗氧率,其对低氧的耐受力较强。     

波纹龙虾耗氧率和窒息点的研究

采用流水法研究波纹龙虾在不同温度、盐度和pH值条件下的耗氧率和窒息点。结果表明：耗氧率随着水温的升高而增加,25℃耗氧率为0．0645mg／g·h,33℃时上升到0．1879mg／g.h。波纹龙虾耗氧率随盐度的变化则呈“V”字型,盐度为28最低0．1051mg／g。h。波纹龙虾的耗氧率随pH值的升高而降低,pH值7．4～7．7时,耗氧率较高,为0．1426～0．1460mg／g.h;pH值8．0～8．6时,耗氧率从0．1057mg／g。h下降到0．0722mg／g.h。在水温29℃,盐度28,pH值8．0条件下,波纹龙虾的窒息点为0．2341mg／L。     

北极茴鱼亲鱼耗氧率和窒息点的研究

试验采用流水呼吸室法和静水呼吸室法,测定了北极茴鱼亲鱼在水温8.5~10.5℃条件下的耗氧率和窒息点。结果表明,北极茴鱼耗氧率具有昼夜节律性,耗氧高峰在12:00左右,低谷在6:00左右,最佳生长温度8~15℃。     

沙塘鳢鱼苗窒息点与耗氧率的初探

为沙塘鳢工厂化苗种培育、运输等提供基础数据,现对其苗种阶段窒息点与耗氧率进行初探。试验采用三个水浴槽,将水温分别控制在15℃、20℃、27℃,每个水浴槽放入10尾鱼,放入探头,石蜡封面,每小时记录1次。试验结果：耗氧率分别为0.0646,0.0786和0.1038 mg/（g·h）。耗氧率随水温增加而增加,沙塘鳢的窒息点为0.1357mg/L。     

拟穴青蟹幼蟹耗氧率和窒息点的研究

在盐度20、温度28.0±0.2℃条件下,采用密封流水方法进行了拟穴青蟹幼蟹耗氧率和窒息点的研究。结果表明:拟穴青蟹Ⅴ期幼蟹的平均耗氧率高于Ⅵ期幼蟹,Ⅴ期幼蟹的窒息点也高于Ⅵ期幼蟹。其中,当蟹苗体质量为1.00±0.22 g时,耗氧率为0.437 2±0.083 mg/(g.h),耗氧量0.423 7±0.080 mg/(ind.h),窒息点为0.716 0±0.017 mg/L;当蟹苗体质量为1.81±0.30 g时,耗氧率为0.381 6±0.081 mg/(g.h),耗氧量0.671 7±0.140 mg/(ind.h),窒息点为0.698 7±0.011 mg/L。实验发现,拟穴青蟹幼蟹的耗氧率和耗氧量具有比较明显的昼夜变化规律,其峰值出现在20∶00及02∶00左右,谷值出现在08∶00及16∶00。研究结果可为拟穴青蟹养殖生产中制定合理的苗种放养密度和养殖工艺提供参考依据。     

氨氮浓度对不同体重河蚌(Anodonta woodiana)耗氧率的影响

在静水水温和水体悬浮颗粒物浓度保持相对恒定的条件下,研究了不同体重(以软组织干重计算)的河蚌(Anodonta woodiana)在3个氨氮水平下的耗氧率。结果显示:在固定的氨氮水平下,单位体重耗氧率(Or)随体重(w)增加而下降,耗氧率和体重间呈负相幂函数关系;在实验体重和氨氮浓度(n)范围内,氨氮浓度对河蚌耗氧均具有主效应,氨氮浓度和体重、耗氧率的自然对数y(以lnOr表示)可以表述为y=3.5968±0.24+0.0119±0.00n-1.0237±0.15lnw。结果表明,在试验范围内,氨氮浓度对河蚌耗氧产生增益效应,即随氨氮浓度升高,耗氧率增加,而随体重的增加,耗氧率下降。本试验中,氨氮未对河蚌产生抑制效应。     

Oxygen consumption and feeding rates of gilthead sea bream (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sparus aurata</Emphasis>) reveal lack of acclimation to cold

Low temperature has been implicated in inducing outbreaks of winter syndrome or winter disease in farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). The responses of gilthead sea bream to reduced temperature followed by maintenance at low temperaturewere studied. In a first experiment, oxygen consumptionwas measured when water temperature was reduced from 18°C to 8 °C at either a rate of 1 °C· day-1 or as two sharp drops (from 18 °C to 12 °C, and from 12 °C to 8 °C). In a second experiment, the water temperature was reduced from 16 °C to 8 °C or 12 °C and then maintained for 20 days to study the fish acclimation to these temperatures. In both experiments, fish stopped feeding below 13 °C and did not resume feeding when maintained at low temperatures. The decrease in metabolic activity, expressed by the oxygen consumption rate, was directly related to the fall in water temperature: the Q10(18 °C-8 °C) values were between 2.2–2.5, independently of the descend rate in water temperature. However, we observed a more reduced metabolic rate when the water temperature was below 12 °C. Fish maintained at low temperatures showed only a partial recovery in oxygen consumption (15% at 8 °C and 20% at 12 °C) after 20 days. A higher metabolic rate together with a fasting-temperature condition meant that maintenance at 12 °C was more aggressive than at 8 °C, as revealed by the condition factor and energy needs. Data suggest that 12 .C could be a threshold temperature for the metabolic activity of gilthead sea bream. The relationship between low temperatures and their possible implication in the appearance of winter disease in gilthead sea bream is also discussed.     

水温对额尔齐斯河银鲫幼鱼耗氧率及窒息点的影响

为鱼类养殖生产和苗种运输过程中溶解氧的科学调控提供理论依据,该试验采用密闭呼吸室法测定了20、22、24、26、28、30℃水温下额尔齐斯河银鲫幼鱼的耗氧率和窒息点。结果表明,水温在20～30℃时,额尔齐斯河银鲫幼鱼的耗氧率随水温的升高而显著上升(P<0.05)。水温为20℃时耗氧率最低,为0.263 mg/(g·h);水温为30℃时耗氧率最高,为0.571 mg/(g·h)。耗氧率与水温的拟合方程为:y=0.0093x^2-0.0027x+0.2604(R^2=0.9896)。额尔齐斯河银鲫幼鱼的窒息点在20～30℃水温下,随水温的升高而上升,其中水温为20℃时窒息点最低,为0.947 mg/L;水温为30℃时窒息点最高,为1.713 mg/L。水温和窒息点的回归关系方程式为:y=0.0271x^2-0.0629x+1.0452(R^2=0.9116)。     

Oxygen consumption and responses to hypoxia of ammocoetes of the southern hemisphere lampreyGeotria australis

The standard rate of oxygen consumption of ammocoetes (larvae) ofGeotria australis with a mean weight of c. 0.5 g was 9.6, 31.4 and 59.4l g^–1 h^–1 at 4.5, 15.5 and 25.0°C respectively, which gives an overall Q₁₀ of 2.4. The regression coefficient for the logarithmic relationship between oxygen consumption and body weight at 15.5°C was 0.704. The ammocoetes ofG. australis have a much lower rate of oxygen consumption at 15.5 and 25.0°C than those of holarctic lampreys. This presumably reflects the lower oxygen delivery pressure to their tissues and helps account for their slow growth rate. At 15.5°C, ammocoetes ofG. australis emerged from the substrate at 21–25 mm Hg and, unlike those of the Northern HemisphereIchthyomyzon greeleyi, died at 14–17 mm Hg. Thus, despite having a thinner water/blood barrier in the gills and blood with a higher oxygen affinity and capacity than holarctic ammocoetes, the larvae ofG. australis cannot survive very low dissolved oxygen tensions. This is apparently related to an inability of larvalG. australis to meet the high oxygen requirements of the respiratory pump at these oxygen tensions. During metamorphosis, oxygen consumption at 15.5°C rose from approximately 27l g^–1 h^–1 at the beginning of transformation to 33.2l g^–1 h^–1 by Stage 3 and then rapidly to 66l g^–1 h^–1 at Stage 6. It remained near this level in Stage 7 and the downstream migrant.     

Temperature preference and oxygen consumption of the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède) acclimated to different temperatures

The behavioural and metabolic responses of the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède) to temperature were determined to define optimal thermal conditions. The final preferendum of largemouth bass juveniles determined with acute and gravitation methods was independent of the method (29.0–28.1 °C). The displacement velocity in the horizontal thermal gradient of bass juveniles was 22.4 cm h⁻¹ in the light phase and 22.6 cm h⁻¹ in the dark phase. Oxygen consumption rates in the largemouth bass increased significantly (P<0.05) from 48.8 to 69.4 mg O₂ Kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ with an increase in the acclimation temperature from 20 to 33 °C. The temperature quotient (Q₁₀) in the juveniles was 1.37–2.00 in the range of acclimation temperatures of 26–29 and 29–32 °C. The optimum temperature range for growth calculated using Jobling's equation was 28.1–28.6 °C and for Q₁₀ values 26–29 °C. The results are discussed in relation to the use of this information in aquaculture.     

叶尔羌高原鳅耗氧率和窒息点的初步研究

试验测定了叶尔羌高原鳅的耗氧率和窒息点。结果表明:叶尔羌高原鳅的耗氧率具有昼夜节律性,耗氧高峰在23:00左右,低谷在10:00左右,其耗氧率和窒息点随体重的增加而降低,随水温的升高而增大。