共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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外来入侵杂草——反枝苋 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
反枝苋为一年生草本植物,可食用、药用及作饲料等。反枝苋也是一种较难防除、严重影响作物生长、危及牲畜健康的外来杂草。因此,了解其生物生态学特性,进行必要的监控与防除及科学利用非常重要。该文主要归纳了外来杂草反枝苋的形态特征、生活史、分布、生境类型、环境条件及其对经济、生态的影响,介绍了利用、预防、控制和管理措施等。 相似文献
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外来入侵性杂草——大爪草 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
大爪草(Spergula arvensisL.)为石竹科一年生旱地杂草,广泛分布于日本、印度、俄罗斯及其他一些欧洲国家,北美、非洲等地区也有分布。我国黑龙江、西藏局部地区的荒漠、河谷也有发生。主要危害麦类、油菜、玉米、蚕豆、蔬菜等多种作物。 相似文献
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五爪金龙原产于美洲热带地区,是一种攀爬型的多年生草质藤本植物。目前,在我国华南地区已成为入侵危害较严重的外来植物之一。20世纪70年代,作为观赏植物在各地庭院进行栽培,后慢慢逸为野生,在广东、广西、福建、云南等地区迅速蔓延,大量侵入茶园、果园等地,对农林业生产造成极大的危害。而目前对五爪金龙还未形成有效的防治技术体系。鉴于此,文章综述了五爪金龙的形态识别、生活习性、危害、入侵机制和综合防治技术,并探讨了五爪金龙开发利用的可能性及今后可能的研究方向,以期为五爪金龙的综合治理提供参考。 相似文献
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外来杂草假臭草的特征特性 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
假臭草为菊科泽兰属一年生草本植物,原产南美,现散布于东半球热带地区.假臭草于20世纪80年代传人我国,在香港、福建厦门、广东南部、澳门、海南和台湾均有分布.假臭草繁殖速度快,对土壤肥力吸收能力强,能释放化感物质抑制其他植物生长,对入侵地农林业生产与生物多样性带来极大的危害.本文在调查研究及查阅大量文献的基础上,归纳了外来杂草假臭草的形态特征、生活史、起源、入侵途径、生境类型、营养和环境条件、在我国的分布、可能扩散的区域、经济和生态影响、预防控制和管理措施等. 相似文献
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牛筋草是全球危害最严重的5种杂草之一,为了筛选防除牛筋草的高效除草剂品种,采用温室盆栽法和田间小区试验测定了10种苗后除草剂对牛筋草的除草活性及防除效果。盆栽试验结果表明,30%苯唑草酮SC和40 g/L烟嘧磺隆OD对牛筋草防效优异,ED90分别为8.7 g/hm~2和19.4 g/hm~2(有效成分,下同),约为各自登记低剂量的1/3和1/2。100 g/L氰氟草酯EC、10%噁唑酰草胺EC、69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW、120 g/L烯草酮EC和10%精喹禾灵EC对牛筋草具有较好的防效,ED90分别为68.9、80.5、50.0、54.2 g/hm~2和48.6 g/hm~2,与各自的登记低剂量相当或略低。25%啶嘧磺隆WG和11%三氟啶磺隆OD对牛筋草的防效较差,ED90分别为115.0 g/hm~2和112.4 g/hm~2,约为各自登记高剂量的1.5倍和2.3倍。75%硝磺草酮WG对牛筋草的防效很差,ED90为742.6 g/hm~2,是其登记高剂量的3.3倍。田间试验结果表明,40 g/... 相似文献
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试验结果表明,甘薯台龟甲幼虫对五爪金龙具有较强的取食力,取食力随着虫口密度的增加而增强。幼虫期的取食力(y)和投放1龄幼虫密度(x)的线性关系式为y=19.32+11.36x。每个叶片投放1龄幼虫2头,8d后取食力可达100%。甘薯台龟甲成虫对五爪金龙的取食力更为显著,每叶放虫1头,6d后取食量达100%,且取食力随着虫口密度的上升而提高。放虫后6d的取食力和成虫密度的对数关系式为y=51.09+120.67logx。成虫的投放密度达到1头/叶,6d后叶片就能100%被取食。 相似文献
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重庆万县五桥区农田杂草危害及防除冯春钢谭世伟(重庆市万县五桥区植保植检站,404020)万县五桥区位于重庆东部三峡腹地,属方斗山、齐曜山脉丘陵、低山区,海拔在106.5~1762m之间,属暖湿亚热带东南季风气候,年均降雨1200mm左右,无霜期291... 相似文献
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外来入侵物种三裂叶豚草(Ambrosia trifida L.)及其风险分析 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
外来入侵物种严重威胁着农业生产、生态安全及人类健康,已成为世界各国广泛关注和研究的热点。本文对外来杂草三裂叶豚草(Ambrosia trifida L.)的起源和分布、生物生态学特性、经济和生态影响及其控制管理措施等进行了系统综述。根据生物生态学特性、潜在风险及管理控制的难度等指标,初步建立了外来杂草的风险评估体系。应用该体系对三裂叶豚草进行了风险评估,得出其风险值为83,属高度危险的检疫性有害生物。 相似文献
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研究了不同光照和温度对外来有害植物土荆芥(Chenopodium ambrosioides L.)种子萌发率的影响及种子在不同贮藏时间和不同贮藏温度下萌发率的变化。结果表明,光照是土荆芥种子萌发的必要条件,全黑暗条件下萌发率仅为9.7%。种子在15~20℃恒温条件下萌发率均达到80%以上,25℃恒温和10℃恒温能显著抑制其萌发。零下低温(-20℃)和零上低温(4℃)贮藏3个月的土荆芥种子萌发率分别为86.3%和84.7%,与贮藏前萌发率(89.3%)相比无显著差异,而在室温和25℃条件下贮藏的种子,萌发率显著下降。 相似文献
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This study reports the first record of Ipomoea coccinea L. [(Convolvulaceae), red morning glory] from Turkey. The literature review revealed that this taxon has not been recorded yet for the flora of Turkey. The species was mainly observed on the embankments along the Arde?en‐Çaml?hem?in road during 2016. It was again recorded during 2019 with a certain extension of the invaded area and a significant increase in population density. I. coccinea was observed in disturbed areas along roads, on the edges of tea plantations, in abandoned fields and in other waste lands. The rapid spread of the species in a short period of time suggests that it could become troublesome in future, if not managed. Therefore effective management strategies must be developed to halt its further spread. Modelling and risk assessment studies are needed to predict the potential spread and possible risks of the species to different ecosystems. 相似文献
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Biological invasion by alien invasive species is now recognized as one of the major threats to native species and ecosystems. Parthenium weed ( Parthenium hysterophorus L.), an alien invasive weed species, is spreading throughout Pakistan. Worldwide, it has been designated as one of the most troublesome weed species. The adverse effects of this weed on human beings, livestock, crop production, and biodiversity are well-documented. As a result of a lack of information on its spread in Pakistan since its invasion, a phytosociological survey, with special reference to parthenium weed, was carried out in Islamabad from August–October 2002. Six main sectors of Islamabad were selected for sampling. The phytosociological survey of these sectors of Islamabad revealed a total of 30 weed species to be associated with P. hysterophorus . The survey also showed a high relative frequency, relative density, and importance value of P. hysterophorus in general; however, the percentage relative frequency of the weed in these sectors ranged from 10.6–30.3%. This survey revealed that P. hysterophorus had an appreciable degree of sociability with Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke and Lantana camara (L.). The data on the association of L. camara with P. hysterophorus suggests that a transition phase of competition or succession is in progress between these two alien species. The population of many common medicinal plants growing in the wastelands of Islamabad might be rapidly declining because of the aggressive colonization by P. hysterophorus . The ever-increasing infestation of this weed in urban areas also poses a serious threat to the health of the inhabitants of Islamabad. 相似文献