皖西白鹅雄鹅种龄与生殖激素水平关系的研究

实验结果显示，各龄雄鹅在非生殖期血清中促黄体生成素（LH）、促卵泡刺激素（FSH）和雌二醇（E2）在血清中的含量都低于5.0 mu/ml，其差异性难以比较.4种不同种龄的雄鹅在垂体泌乳素（PRL）和孕酮（P）水平上没有显著差异.在睾酮（T）激素水平上差异很明显，即2龄种鹅＞1龄种鹅＞3龄种鹅＞4龄种鹅.可见在4个种龄的雄鹅中，2龄种鹅体内的睾酮最高，其生殖能力可能最强。     

海南黑毛和牛发情周期中生殖激素分泌规律研究

本试验以发情期、妊娠期、休情期的海南黑毛和牛母牛为试验动物,采用双抗体一步夹心法酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA法)测定其血清中促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、催乳素(PRL)和孕酮(P4)的含量,对这些生殖激素的分泌规律进行研究。结果表明:FSH与LH分泌趋势基本一致,从发情期到妊娠期再到休情期呈现逐渐下降趋势;E2在进入妊娠期后分泌量显著减少,休情期时变化不大;PRL在妊娠期的分泌水平显著高于非妊娠期(P0.05);P4的分泌水平从发情期到妊娠期显著上升(P0.05),进入休情期逐渐下降。     

舍饲滩母羊生殖激素变化规律的初探

利用放射免疫法对宁夏地区的舍饲滩母羊不同生理期的血清中生殖激素进行测定的结果显示:雌二醇(E2)的含量从发情期、妊娠前期、妊娠后期、泌乳期、空怀期的含量呈递减趋势,分别为120.00,16.38,17.32,17.35,3.43 pg/mL;孕酮(P4)的含量从泌乳期、空怀期、发情期、妊娠前期和妊娠后期呈递增的趋势,分别为0.05,0.05,0.14,0.17,0.50 ng/mL;促黄体素(LH)的含量从发情期、妊娠前期、空怀期、妊娠后期和泌乳期呈递减的趋势,分别为30.5,4.18,2.68,2.63,2.35mIU/mL;促卵泡素(FSH)在妊娠后期最低,为1.84 mIU/mL,空怀期、妊娠前期和泌乳期变化趋势不大,分别为2.82,2.65,2.61 mIU/mL.促乳素(PRL)含量从妊娠后期、妊娠前期、空怀期和泌乳期呈递增的趋势,分别为280.88,319.02.372.02.440.13 μIU/mL.     

白羽王鸽部分生殖激素表达的发育性变化及其表达的组织差异初探

为了解鸽特殊的就巢泌乳机理,本研究采用放射免疫技术(RIA)和荧光定量PCR技术对公、母鸽在青年期、就巢期和哺育期3个生理时期,血清中催乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)2种激素浓度的动态变化和催乳素受体(PRLR)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)mRNA在脑、肝脏和肾脏3种组织中的表达变化进行检测.结果表明:在测定期间母鸽血液中2种激素的平均浓度均高于公鸽.在青年期,测定前公鸽血清中PRL和E2水平没有显著变化,但在测定后期(124 d)PRL浓度下调,而此时母鸽血清中E2浓度显著提高;就巢期,公、母鸽血清中PRL浓度都有显著升高趋势,并在哺育期达到最高峰,母鸽血清中E2浓度随着就巢时间的延续有下降的趋势,到哺育中期才升高.在鸽脑、肝脏、肾脏3种组织中均表达PRLR和VIP这两种基因,与青年期相比,就巢期公、母鸽脑组织中PRLRmRNA相对表达量显著增加,在哺育第1天达到最高;在就巢期,脑组织中公、母鸽VIP mRNA相对表达量显著高于青年期和哺育期.初步推断PRL对鸽就巢行为的发生和维持起重要作用.     

放牧条件下藏西北白绒山羊生殖激素变化规律研究

对藏西北白绒山羊的多种生殖激素进行全年的检测,旨在了解藏西北白绒山羊的7种生殖相关激素质量浓度全年的变化规律。每周采集20只藏西北白绒山羊血液样本,提取血清,送至上海酶联测定睾酮(T)、促黄体素(LH)、促乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(PP)、促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、促卵泡素(FSH)7种激素的质量浓度,分析藏西北白绒山羊的生殖激素变化规律。试验获得藏西北白绒山羊生殖激素变化曲线,分析得到藏西北白绒山羊全年的繁殖性能变化规律。5月到8月是藏西北白绒山羊的乏情期,9月后进入情期,此时进行配种可以得到较好的效果,研究结果对于指导青藏高原地区山羊生产和提高繁殖力具有指导意义。     

海南黑山羊繁殖周期生殖激素的分泌规律研究

为了通过同期发情、超数排卵、人工授精等扩繁技术增加海南黑山羊种群数量,试验以发情、妊娠、哺乳、空怀四个时期的黑山羊母羊作为试验动物,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法对繁殖周期母羊血清中促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、催乳素(PRL)、孕酮(P4)的含量进行测定,分析黑山羊母羊在整个繁殖周期中生殖激素的分泌规律。结果表明:FSH与LH分泌规律基本一致,整个繁殖周期中呈现先下降(发情期到妊娠期)后上升(哺乳期到空怀期)的趋势;进入妊娠期后E2分泌量减少,哺乳期过后分泌量逐渐恢复;各个时期PRL分泌变化不显著(P0.05);妊娠期P4分泌水平极显著高于非妊娠时期(P0.01)。说明海南黑山羊在繁殖周期中生殖激素的分泌有一定规律,可以作为扩繁新技术应用的理论依据。     

儋州鸡不同产蛋时期生殖激素分泌规律的研究

为研究儋州鸡不同产蛋时期生殖激素的分泌规律,采用ELISA方法对儋州鸡母鸡开产前期、开产期、产蛋高峰期及产蛋后期4个时期血液中促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、催乳素(PRL)、孕酮(P)、雌二醇(E_2)的浓度进行测定。结果显示,开产期与产蛋高峰期FSH与LH浓度极显著高于开产前期和产蛋后期(P0.01);不同产蛋时期血液中PRL浓度呈上升趋势,且开产前期和开产期PRL浓度显著低于产蛋后期(P0.05);不同产蛋时期血液中E_2浓度呈下降趋势,且产蛋后期E_2浓度显著高于开产前期和开产期(P0.05),极显著高于产蛋高峰期(P0.01);开产期与产蛋后期P的浓度较高,均显著高于开产前期(P0.05),且极显著高于产蛋高峰期(P0.01)。研究表明,儋州鸡在不同产蛋时期血液中生殖激素含量水平有不同的变化,开产期血液中FSH、LH及P浓度较开产前期明显升高;产蛋高峰期血液中FSH与LH的浓度高于其他时期;产蛋后期血液中PRL、E_2、P的浓度较产蛋高峰期明显上升,且负反馈调节FSH与LH的分泌量。     

维生素、矿物质与能量蛋白质水平对浙东白鹅母鹅繁殖性能、血液生殖激素浓度及生殖轴相关基因mRNA相对表达量的影响

本试验通过在饲粮中添加维生素与矿物质、调整饲粮能量蛋白质水平,旨在研究其对浙东白鹅母鹅繁殖性能、血液生殖激素浓度和生殖轴相关基因mRNA相对表达量的影响.选择138只月龄相近的浙东白鹅种母鹅,按体重相近原则分为3组,分别饲喂不同的饲粮,试验期150 d,测定繁殖性能(平均产蛋数、平均蛋重、受精率和孵化率)、血液生殖激素[卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、孕酮(P4)、雌二醇(E2)、催乳素(PRL)]浓度和生殖轴相关基因[促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、卵泡刺激素-β(FSHβ)、雌激素受体1(ESR1)、雌激素受体2(ESR2)、卵泡刺激素受体(FSHR)、催乳素(PRL)、催乳素受体(PRLR)] mRNA相对表达量的变化.结果表明:1)添加维生素与矿物质可显著提高浙东白鹅母鹅第1产蛋周期平均蛋重和受精率(P＜0.05);提高第2产蛋周期内血液FSH和P4的浓度,降低LH浓度,改变E2、P4和PRL浓度波动(P＜0.05);下调下丘脑PRLR、垂体PRL和卵巢PRLR基因的mRNA相对表达量(P＜0.05),上调卵巢ESR2基因的mRNA相对表达量(P＜0.05).2)调整饲粮能量蛋白质水平可显著提高浙东白鹅母鹅第2产蛋周期平均蛋重(P＜0.05);提高浙东白鹅第2产蛋周期内血液LH浓度,降低FSH浓度,改变E2和P4浓度波动(P＜0.05);上调下丘脑GnRH、垂体PRL和PRLR基因的mRNA相对表达量(P＜0.05),下调卵巢FSHR基因的mRNA相对表达量(P＜0.05).由此得出,添加维生素与矿物质、调整饲粮能量蛋白质水平可通过影响产蛋周期内部分血液生殖激素浓度和波动,局部调节生殖轴相关基因的mRNA相对表达量,改善浙东白鹅母鹅的繁殖性能.     

发情旺季母水牛生殖激素水平变化的研究

为了研究发情旺季母水牛生殖激素水平的变化规律,试验采用酶联免疫分析方法(ELISA)测定了发情周期血样中的促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P4)4种激素,并分析了这些生殖激素在发情周期中的变化规律。结果表明:血清中FSH和LH的含量均由排卵前的第4天开始缓慢上升,排卵前达到峰值,在排卵后又明显下降;E2的含量在排卵前1天出现峰值,在排卵后第9天又出现1个小波峰;P4的含量在排卵后的第5天明显上升,第13天时达峰值,在排卵前3天出现最低水平。     

白香猪发情周期外周血清P4、E2和LH含量的变化

用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定了10头白香猪发情周期外周血清孕酮(P4)、17β-雌二醇(E2)和促黄体素(LH)含量的变化。血清孕酮的含量,在发情周期的第2d逐渐升高,峰值为21.25ng/ml±2.00ng/ml;E2含量的变化较特殊,在发情当天出现一个峰值,但最高值却出现在发情周期的第11d～13d,为79.48pg/ml±10.77pg/ml;促黄体素的含量在发情当日达到最高值以后逐渐下降。     

BMPR-IB基因对绵羊外周血生殖激素水平的影响

为研究不同BMPR-IB基因型多胎萨福克羊外周血中生殖激素水平的差异,以培育的发情期多胎萨福克母羊为实验对象,应用PCR-RFLP技术检测个体的BMPR-IB基因型,ELISA方法检测绵羊外周血中E2、FSH、LH、PRL和P4的含量,分析BMPR-IB基因型与5种生殖激素水平的相关性.结果表明：多胎萨福克羊群体中存在BMPR-IB基因的BB、B＋和＋＋三种基因型.＋＋基因型个体的平均E2含量和P4含量显著低于B＋基因型和BB基因型个体（P＜0.05）,3种基因型个体间平均FSH含量、LH含量和PRL含量差异均不显著（P＞0.05）.BMPR-IB基因突变导致发情期母羊的雌二醇和孕酮的分泌量增加.研究结果可为合理利用BMPR-IB基因培育多胎肉羊提供依据.     

日粮粗蛋白质水平对伊犁鹅产蛋规律、繁殖激素分泌及相关基因mRNA表达的影响

为探讨日粮粗蛋白质水平对伊犁鹅的产蛋规律、繁殖激素分泌及生殖轴相关基因mRNA表达量的影响,本研究随机选取200只3岁伊犁鹅（年龄、饲养管理水平一致及体重相近）,随机分为4个组,每组10个重复。对照组及公鹅饲喂鹅场自配料（粗蛋白质水平11.20%）,试验组母鹅分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为13.86%、15.20%和16.48%的日粮,其余营养指标基本一致。预试期1周,正试期9周。结果表明：①试验期内伊犁鹅的产蛋率呈波动变化,对照组伊犁鹅的产蛋率在第1~2周逐渐上升,第4~5周出现小幅度增长,其余阶段表现为下滑趋势;各试验组伊犁鹅的产蛋率在第1~2、4~5周出现较大幅度增长,且在第5周时达到产蛋高峰,此后逐渐下滑。15.20%粗蛋白质组伊犁鹅就巢率显著低于11.20%、13.86%粗蛋白质组。②与对照组相比,13.86%粗蛋白质组血清促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）浓度极显著升高（P<0.01）,且血清雌二醇（E₂）、促黄体素（LH）浓度均显著升高（P<0.05）;15.20%、16.48%粗蛋白质组血清GnRH、E₂及LH浓度均极显著升高（P<0.01）,且血清促卵泡素（FSH）浓度显著升高（P<0.05）。各试验组血清催乳素（PRL）浓度均显著降低（P<0.05）。③与对照组相比,15.20%粗蛋白质组下丘脑GnRH、LHR基因表达量显著上调（P<0.05）,PRL、PRLR基因表达量显著下调（P<0.05）;垂体中LH基因表达量显著上调（P<0.05）;卵巢中LH与ESR2基因表达量显著或极显著上调（P<0.05,P<0.01）。综上所述,基于日粮粗蛋白质水平对伊犁鹅的产蛋率、就巢率、血清生殖激素浓度及生殖轴相关基因mRNA相对表达量影响的综合评估,建议产蛋期伊犁鹅日粮粗蛋白质水平为15.20%。     

植物甾醇对KM雌性小鼠生长及生殖激素的影响

本试验旨在研究植物甾醇对雌性小鼠生长及生殖激素的影响。选用50只35日龄雌性小鼠,适应1周后随机分为5组,分别为：对照组、植物油组（给予0.1 mL植物油）及植物甾醇低、中、高三个剂量组（每日灌胃20、80和320 mg/kg植物甾醇）。连续灌胃3周,第1天和第22天称取小鼠体重,然后眼球采血,制备血清,对小鼠血清中的雌二醇、孕酮、催乳素水平进行检测,研究不同添加量的植物甾醇对小鼠生长及生殖激素的影响。结果显示：与对照组相比,植物油组小鼠体增重差异显著（P＜0.05）。与植物油组相比,植物甾醇处理组小鼠体增重先升高后降低,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）。植物甾醇对小鼠血清E2水平有不同程度的提高,其中中剂量组小鼠的雌二醇水平最高（270.52＆#177;18.10 pmol/L）;随着植物甾醇灌胃剂量的增加,小鼠孕酮水平都有不同程度的下降,其中植物甾醇中剂量组小鼠血清孕酮水平显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。植物甾醇灌胃组小鼠催乳素水平与对照组相比,差异不显著（P＞0.05）。表明低剂量植物甾醇可提高KM雌性小鼠的体增重;植物甾醇能提高KM雌性小鼠血清雌二醇水平,但对孕酮和催乳素的作用不显著。     

Influence of endophyte-infected tall fescue on serum prolactin and progesterone in gravid mares.

Thirty mares in late gestation were used in a 3-yr study to assess effects of the tall fescue endophyte Acremonium coenophialum on serum prolactin (PRL) and progesterone. Two paddocks of each treatment, 0 or 100% infected 'Kentucky 31' tall fescue, were grazed by the mares for 21 d. Blood was collected three times per week until parturition. At 7-d intervals, mares were challenged with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) while grazing and blood was collected postinjection. Mares grazing 100% infected tall fescue (E+) had decreased serum PRL compared with mares grazing the 0% infected tall fescue (E-) in 2 of 3 yr. Within 8 d postgrazing, serum PRL for E+ mares equaled or surpassed values of the E- mares. Serum PRL was not different during the 3rd yr. In response to TRH, serum PRL rate of increase was similar between treatments but remained elevated (P less than .01) in the E+ mares at the 180-, 240-, and 300-min sample times. Serum progesterone was lowered (P less than .05) by E+ but increased to control values within 10 d postgrazing. It is concluded that serum PRL and progesterone in the gravid mare were decreased by the presence of A. coenophialum in 'Kentucky 31' tall fescue grass but normal levels were reestablished within 2 to 3 wk.     

Effect of suppression of plasma prolactin on luteinizing hormone concentration, intersequence pause days and egg production in domestic hen

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of suppression of plasma prolactin (PRL) concentration on circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P(4)), estradiol (E(2)beta), pause days and egg production in birds later in the reproductive period. Twenty-four White Leghorn birds of same age group were divided into two groups of 12 in each. Birds of each group were administered s/c either with placebo (control group) or equal volumes of anti PRL agent (2-bromo-alpha-ergocriptine) solution containing at 100 microg/kg body weight/hen/week (treated group) from 72 to 82 weeks of age. Egg production and inter sequence pauses were recorded daily from both the groups. Plasma PRL, LH, E(2)beta and P(4) concentrations were estimated in blood samples collected at weekly intervals. At 77th weeks of age, blood samples from treated and control birds were obtained every 3h for 36h to study the surges of LH. It was found that plasma PRL concentration was lower (p<0.01) in bromocriptine treated birds with high concentrations of LH, its 3h LH surges, E(2)beta and P(4) in plasma. Higher egg production, less pause days in treated birds may be the result of low PRL concentration, associated with positively correlated responses of high concentrations of LH (with regular interval and duration of LH surges), E(2)beta and P(4) concentration required for completion of egg formation and oviposition. In conclusion, bromocriptine administration decreased (p<0.01) PRL concentration increased (p<0.01) steroid hormones and LH surges, for egg formation and oviposition and enabled the birds to lay more eggs even later in the productive period with the available resources under normal husbandry practices.     

Profiles of maternal origin factors during transition from embryonic diapause to implantation in roe deer

The aim was to evaluate in female roe deer: (a) PAG mRNA relative abundance in endometrial uterine tissue for determination of the duration of embryonic diapause, (b) mRNA relative abundance of progesterone, estradiol, and prolactin (P4, E2, and PRL) receptors (PGR, ESR, and PRLR) during diapause and after implantation in the endometrium; (c) concentration of P4, E2, and PRL in the blood, and (d) a noninvasive method of hormone detection by measurement of P4 and E2 concentrations in feces. A total of fifteen individuals were obtained post mortem during hunting seasons and divided into three experimental groups (November, December, January). The results did not reveal mRNA relative abundance for PAGs in the endometrium or detectable PAG concentrations in the serum of all examined females. Concentration of PRL and mRNA relative abundance for PRLR long isoform in the endometrium was the highest in January (p < .01). mRNA relative abundance for PGR, P4 concentration in the endometrium, serum, and feces was the highest in January (p < .01). Endometrial origin PRL and P4 may be responsible for the termination of this process and pregnancy development after implantation.     

米非司酮对早孕猕猴孕酮和雌二醇分泌的研究

为开展生殖生物学研究工作提供理想的动物模型。进行了本项试验,分析了米非司酮(ＲＵ４８６)对猕猴妊娠早期血清中孕酮(Ｐ)和雌二醇(Ｅ２)的影响。结果表明,注射ＲＵ４８６－段时间内孕酮和雌二醇基本不交,但Ｅ２/Ｐ比值有所增加,说明米非司酮干扰内分泌激素之间的平衡,随着出血的发生,孕酮、雌二醇均显著下降。这种降低与出血的发生有着明确的先后关系,从而证实了激素的变化源于蜕膜受损。     

鹅就巢期卵巢特征及其内分泌机制的研究进展

鹅的就巢行为显著影响其产蛋量,就巢行为主要受下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴(HPG)分泌的相关激素调控。相关激素主要包括促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、催乳素(PRL)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)和孕酮(P_4),共同调控鹅的就巢行为。在就巢期,机体内PRL分泌浓度升高,能够抑制GnRH和FSH的分泌,导致大卵泡合成P_4、E_2速率下降,从而垂体分泌LH浓度降低。本文对鹅就巢期激素水平及卵巢形态变化进行阐述,以期通过调控鹅就巢行为来提高产蛋量的相关研究提供理论支持。     

Effects of Estradiol and Progesterone on the Numbers and Distribution of Mastocytes in the Uterus of Ovariectomized Rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of estradiol(E)and progesterone(P)on mastocyte distribution in the uterus of ovariectomized rats.Thirty-five adult female rats were divided randomly into seven groups:one sham operated control group(SHAM);one ovariectomized group(OVX);three ovariectomized plus E treatment groups(OVX+E 20,100,or 500 μg/kg body weight·d);and two ovariectomized plus P groups(OVX+P 2 or 10 mg/kg body weight·d).Seven days after treatment,the contents of estradiol and progesterone in serum were detected by radioimmunoassay,and mastocytes in the uterus were stained by toluidine blue staining.Results were as following:① Compared to ovariectomized rat,the concent ration of estradiol in serum increased by 97.13 % in OVX+E 20(P0.05),204.84 % in OVX+E 100(P0.05),and 936.45 % in OVX + E 500 group(P0.05);the progesterone concent ration increased by 77.25 % in OVX+P 2(P0.05)and 235.25 %in OVX+P 10 group(P0.05).② Compared to ovariectomized rat,the number of mast cells in uteri decreased by 32.65% in OVX+E 20,64.50 % in OVX+E 100(P0.05),74.49 % in OVX+E 500(P0.05)and 70.67 % in OVX+P 10 groups(P0.05).However,the number of mast cells increased by 66.73% in OVX+P 2 group(P0.05)compared with OVX.The trend of mast cells number in the rat uterus was decreased gradually with the increase of estrogen or progesterone concent ration.The number of mast cells in ovariectomized rat uterus was affected by estrogen or progesterone.These results demonstrated that estrogen or progesterone directly affected the number of mast cells in the uterus of rat.