高温闷棚清除土传病害

<正>1土传病害成设施蔬菜普遍问题随着设施栽培生产技术的不断推广和成熟,蔬菜土壤连作障碍问题日益显现,并呈现不断加重的趋势。土传病害(如番茄和黄瓜的枯萎病、茄子黄萎病、甜椒疫病、根结线虫病等)已成为设施蔬菜栽培过程中的普遍问题,已经严重制约了设施蔬菜的高     

设施蔬菜病害发生态势与无公害防治对策

目前,我国推广应用的蔬菜设施主要以节能型日光温室和塑料大棚为主.经常有菜农反映,设施蔬菜生产病情逐年加重,新病害不断出现,防治难度大.为此经过广泛的实地调查和资料查证,对设施蔬菜病害发生态势进行了分析,对采用无公害综合措施,控制蔬菜病害发生进行研究和筛选,提出了合理防治对策.     

浙江省设施栽培蔬菜病害发生趋势

浙江省设施栽培蔬菜的根际病害、秋末至春季的高湿型病害、夏秋季高温型病害、生理性病害等病害将日益严重,一些间歇性病害将成为常发性的病害。近年来,浙江省设施蔬菜种植面积不断扩大,尤其是大棚等设施栽培蔬菜面积的突增,蔬菜新品种及新种类的不断引入,使蔬菜种植格局不断更新,引起菜田生态环境急剧变化,新的病虫害滋生蔓延,灾害性病虫害常常暴发成灾,发病状况与程度愈来愈深,主要表现出以下几个趋势。     

设施蔬菜连作障碍成因及综合防治调控技术

目前,种植设施蔬菜已成为我市农民增收的一项重要途径,但以设施土壤次生盐渍化、土传病害为主要表现形式的土壤连作障碍问题在蔬菜生产中日益突出,一定程度上已影响了我市蔬菜生产,导致蔬菜产量和品质降低,不利于我市蔬菜产业的持续健     

设施环境下蔬菜干烧心的发生原因及防控策略

随着我国设施农业的快速发展,蔬菜生产亟需从数量向质量转型,提高蔬菜质量已成为设施蔬菜发展的首要问题。干烧心是叶菜类蔬菜生产中普遍存在的由钙缺乏引起的生理性病害,在设施环境下尤为严重。本文从蔬菜种类、设施环境（风速、湿度、光环境、营养液）和栽培管理的角度,系统分析了设施环境下蔬菜干烧心发生的原因,并提出了相应的防控策略。     

蔬菜病害识别诊断与预警物联网技术研究与应用

为提高设施蔬菜病害诊断的准确率,研究了设施蔬菜病害识别诊断与预警物联网技术。基于温室环境信息,采用案例检索与模糊推理结合的方法,设计了监测视频采集方法;集合病害产生的环境机理,采用径向基核函数支持向量机,构建了病害预警方法;采用融合视觉显著性与在线聚类的算法对监控视频进行分析处理,针对蔬菜监测视频的特点,修改了传统的IG显著性计算方法生成帧图像视觉显著图,并利用在线聚类和像素帧平均的方法,实现监控视频的关键帧病症图像特征提取;选择图像的颜色与纹理特征作为叶面病害识别的病症图像信息特征,计算出对应的特征值,通过核FISHER判别完成病害识别诊断过程。从理论上,探究设施蔬菜病害发生机理及识别诊断、预警算法,为病害诊断、预警提供新的方法;从实践上,构建设施蔬菜病害识别、预警模型,提高诊断和预警的时效性和准确性,有效降低蔬菜病害带来的经济损失,为提高蔬菜产量、质量提供保障。     

设施蔬菜病害发生特点与综合防控技术

在种植业结构调整中,蔬菜生产已成为最具活力的经济增长点,尤其是各类设施蔬菜的发展十分迅猛.设施蔬菜栽培对解决蔬菜周年供应,调剂品种余缺起到了极为重要的作用,已成为农业及农村经济发展的主导产业之一.但是,由于保护地设施栽培生产周期短,复种套种指数提高以及蔬菜生产的特定生态环境,导致设施蔬菜病害发生日趋繁多与复杂,已严重制约着蔬菜产业的健康发展.为此,现对设施蔬菜病害发生态势进行分析,并提出综合防控技术,希望对设施蔬菜的健康持续发展有所帮助.     

番茄早疫病、晚疫病、灰霉病综合防治

近几年，随着全省“百万亩设施蔬菜工程”建设的推进，陕西的设施蔬菜种植面积大幅增长。笔者发现，在设施蔬菜生产中，新菜农面临的最大问题是缺乏对蔬菜常见毁灭性病害的识别和防治知识，老菜农面临的是因常年连作而导致的病虫危害加重问题。番茄早疫病、晚疫病和灰霉病是最常见的三种病害，其在春提早和秋延后栽培中发生更为迅猛，且因防治不当有逐年加重趋势。现将这三种病害的危害症状、发病原因、综合防治措施总结如下。     

深冬设施蔬菜“4控1防”标准化管理技术

针对深冬设施蔬菜温度低、光照短、光照弱、产量低、病害多、养根护根难等问题,通过几年实践摸索,总结出深冬设施蔬菜温度调控、光照调控、水分调控、养分调控、病害预防的"4控1防"标准化管理技术。     

设施蔬菜土传病害综合防治技术初探

随着我市蔬菜生产基地的增多，设施蔬菜生产已经成为我市的主要产业，但设施蔬菜生产由于受环境设施及菜农栽培技术的制约，多年种植蔬菜的老棚区土传病害逐年加重，对老棚室作物产量、品质影响较大，产出率较低，重发地块病株率达到50％～70％，通过近几年对设施蔬菜土传病害的探讨，摸索出适合当地防治土传病害的综合防治技术措施，为指导我市蔬菜产业发展提供有利保障。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.