PEG模拟干旱胁迫下辣椒种子萌发特性及抗旱性评价

为探究干旱胁迫对辣椒种子萌发的影响,筛选出抗旱性强的辣椒品种,以12个辣椒品种为试验材料,采用0%、5%、10%、15%、20%的PEG-6000浓度处理,以种子萌发期相对发芽率、相对发芽势、相对发芽指数、相对活力指数、相对苗高和相对根长为抗旱性评价指标,利用平均隶属函数进行抗旱性强弱评价。试验筛选出丰源大螺、博辣8号和湘研珍丽为抗旱性强的辣椒品种,其平均隶属函数值分别为0.691 2、0.688 7和0.645 2,而湘研5号则为抗旱性弱的品种,其平均隶属函数值仅为0.124 5。不同辣椒品种对干旱胁迫具有不同的抗性,研究结果为辣椒抗旱性品种选育和干旱地区辣椒引种栽培提供一定的理论依据。     

外源ALA对干旱胁迫下辣椒幼苗的缓解效应研究

以甘肃河西走廊日光温室主栽辣椒品种（陇椒2号）为试材,采用盆栽控水的方法,研究了干旱胁迫下喷施外源ALA提高辣椒幼苗抗旱性的效应。研究结果表明,与喷清水对照相比,外源ALA提高了干旱胁迫下辣椒幼苗叶片可溶性糖、叶绿素含量,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性,而丙二醛（MDA）含量则相反,表明喷施外源ALA能提高辣椒幼苗的抗旱性。     

芸苔素内酯水剂对辣椒幼苗水分胁迫生理的影响

以辣椒幼苗为试材,采用盆栽控水的方法,研究干旱胁迫下芸苔素内酯(BR)对提高辣椒幼苗抗旱性的效应。结果表明:经过BR和水分胁迫同时处理的辣椒幼苗叶片组织水含量、可溶性糖含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、脯氨酸含量和叶绿素含量都较对照高;质膜相对透性和丙二醛(MDA)含量则相反,表明BR能提高辣椒幼苗的抗旱性。     

干旱胁迫对辣椒种子萌发的影响

以不同抗旱性的辣椒（遵椒2号、8093号和89号）为试材,用不同质量浓度的聚乙二醇（PEG）模拟干旱胁迫研究其对种子萌发的影响。结果表明,随PEG浓度的增加,辣椒种子萌发和幼苗生长受抑制程度越大,发芽率、发芽势、胚根长、胚轴长、幼苗鲜质量、幼苗含水量均呈下降趋势,发芽指数呈先上升后下降的趋势。与对照相比,10.0%聚乙二醇处理下,抗旱性弱的遵椒2号各指标变化幅度最大,抗旱性中等的89号次之,抗旱性强的8093号最小。     

水分和氮素胁迫对辣椒产量形成及抗逆性评价

通过探索水分胁迫和氮素胁迫条件对辣椒产量及相关性状变化的影响,以期为土壤瘠薄地区辣椒水肥效应的合理应用和抗旱耐瘠型辣椒新品种选育提供依据。试验结果表明,水分和氮素之间存在互作效应,氮素具有增强抗旱性的作用,在水分和氮素胁迫下辣椒产量明显下降;H089和H089×H042025D为抗旱耐瘠型材料,花溪辣椒、H042025D和遵义朝天椒为中抗旱耐瘠型材料、DF-1和HP-1为弱抗旱耐瘠型材料。     

辣椒种质资源抗旱性鉴定与筛选

为了筛选到优良的辣椒抗旱资源,选用111个辣椒品系(种)为试验材料,在漂浮育苗条件下,采用反复干旱存活率对辣椒品系(种)苗期和成株期的抗旱性进行了鉴定。结果表明,苗期反复干旱存活率RDSR(Repeated drought survival rate)≥70.00%的品系(种)有9个,占供试品系(种)的8.11%;成株期RDSR≥70.00%的品系(种)有6个,占供试品系(种)的5.41%;苗期和成株期平均RDSR≥70.00%的品系(种)有5个,占供试品系(种)的4.50%。综合考虑苗期、成株期及这2个阶段平均反复干旱存活率的分析结果,筛选出‘gx2016-25’‘gc2016-33’和‘gc2016-69’共3个在苗期和成株期抗旱性均较强的品系(种)。     

宁夏远缘杂交选育辣椒新品种研究项目获重大突破

<正>在银川市兴庆区掌政镇茂盛村茂盛5队的温棚里,结出的朝天椒个头已超出原品种5～6倍,植株高达1.8～2m,色泽比枸杞和辣椒更加鲜艳亮丽,且提早成熟1个月,抗病、抗旱性状优良。这便是原     

葡萄砧木的抗旱性鉴定与研究

采用盆栽方法,对16个葡萄砧木品种(系)资源进行了抗旱性鉴定,并研究了干旱胁迫下葡萄砧木的生理变化规律,探讨了葡萄砧木的抗旱性机制,初步评价了抗旱性鉴定的指标和方法。结果表明:葡萄砧木品种(系)间抗旱性存在差异,16个砧木品种(系)被划分为4个抗旱等级;随着干旱胁迫时间延长,葡萄砧木生理代谢减弱(脯氨酸、可溶性糖、叶绿素等),并且抗旱性强的砧木生理代谢水平普遍高于抗旱性弱的砧木;可以把叶片相对含水量、叶绿素、丙二醛作为鉴定抗旱性大小评价的主要指标。     

不同类型辣椒幼苗的抗旱性分析

以5个辣椒品种为试材,用20%浓度的PEG模拟干旱对辣椒幼苗进行处理,分析了不同品种之间的抗旱性差异。结果表明,青岛红辣王F1、朝天椒(洛研9号)和早生薄皮王干旱处理组的叶绿素含量有所上升以及上升幅度呈逐渐减小的趋势,而尖椒(洛研1号和洛研5号)的叶绿素含量则有所下降。脯氨酸、丙二醛、POD、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等的含量均有所增加。辣椒不同类型之间其耐旱性表现出显著差异,耐旱性最好的是线椒(青岛红辣王F1)类型,朝天椒(洛研9号)类型次之,尖椒(早生薄皮王、洛研1号和洛研5号)类型最弱。     

不同苋菜品种的抗旱性比较

选取白圆叶苋菜、香港种大红圆叶苋菜、耐抽大红苋莱、绿领全红苋菜为试验材料,采用温室盆栽方法进行干旱处理,研究了干旱胁迫下4个苋菜品种的抗旱能力。试验结果表明,香港大红圆叶苋菜的抗旱性最强。耐抽大红苋菜抗旱性次之,绿领全红苋菜抗旱性弱,白圆叶苋菜抗旱性最弱。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.