高水分稻谷袋式干燥试验研究

研究了袋式干燥水分变化和转移规律,提出调节风量、降低粮堆高度、免搅拌、控制干燥介质湿度的袋式干燥优化工艺,采用热泵加热器供热系数大于4,节能效果明显.研究表明,袋式干燥品质好、成本低,可以实现不同农户对不同品种、不同水分、不同质量粮食储藏在不同的干燥袋的同时干燥,满足不同农户的干燥需求.     

高水分稻谷袋式干燥工艺研究

研究了高水分稻谷的袋式干燥工艺,降水效果以及爆腰情况。结果表明,袋式干燥作为两步分段干燥技术的第一步是可行的,在干燥的过程中不需倒袋就可获得好的降水效果,干燥品质好。     

机械通风干燥粮食单位风量的计算与选择

本文提出在某一地区大气条件下,对于某种粮食采用机械通风降水,单位风量的计算与选择。在对粮食进行通风干燥过程中,根据进入粮堆热量、粮食水分气化所需要的热量和粮食自身温度升降所需要的热量之间的热平衡关系,再根据单位风量和通风时间的函数关系,以及机械通风干燥粮食的天数最多不能超过粮食的安全储藏天数这一原则,来计算和选择略高于允许的最低单位风量作为机械通风干燥粮食的单位风量。     

基于灰色预测理论的干燥集装袋老化力学性能研究

袋式干燥是近年来出现的一种新型粮食干燥技术。干燥集装袋作为该技术的重要装置,其使用性能与安全性能尤为重要。基于灰色预测理论,对干燥集装袋基材老化力学性能进行预测,预测结果具有良好的精度,可满足工程实际对干燥集装袋老化性能预测精度的要求。试验和预测表明,随着老化时间的增加,干燥集装袋基材的抗拉强度不断下降,但其安全使用寿命均达到2年,满足袋式干燥设计要求。     

改进传统烘干机操作方法提高烘后粮食品质

在粮食组成成分的理化性能及干燥原理的基础上，提出了一种粮食烘干机的新型操作方法，并结合法国烘干机详细论述了新型烘干机操作方法的技术参数的确定。通过实例与传统烘干机操作方法对比得出，新的操作方法对烘后粮食品质有很大提高，保证了粮食品质。     

顺混流粮食干燥机的开发设计和实际应用

通过生产试验证实了HSHT15型顺混流干燥机具有热效率高、节能明显、烘后粮食品质好、烘后粮食干燥均匀性好、破碎率和裂纹率增值少等优点。同时证明了该机可操作性强、自动化程度高、通用性及适用性好、便于系列化和标准化生产。具有广阔的市场推广前景。     

高水分玉米低温真空干燥新技术研究及应用

将真空干燥技术引入到粮食干燥领域,研究高水分玉米低温真空干燥生产工艺和设备,300 t/d生产试验表明,低温真空干燥能使高水分玉米达到安全储藏水分以下,出机玉米硬度高、品质较好,与传统的热风干燥方式相比,低温真空干燥能解决玉米干燥后裂纹率高的问题,节约能耗20%左右,玉米真空干燥有较好的发展前景.     

稻谷薄层干燥特性及工艺研究

利用干燥速率曲线测定装置研究了不同热风温度、初始水分和热风风量对薄层干燥速率的影响,根据干燥情况绘制出干燥速率曲线,并拟合出稻谷薄层干燥方程,并测定干燥前后稻谷爆腰率、发芽率、脂肪酸值以及粘度的变化情况.单因素试验结果表明:随着热风温度升高,干燥速率增大;随着热风风量增加,干燥速率增大.正交试验结果表明:当干燥条件为温...     

粮食干燥品质质量AHP综合评价

运用层次分析法对粮食干燥进行评价,并提出全面的定量化和定性化的层次结构评价模式和总体评价方法.首先,建立粮食干燥品质优选的层次分析结构模型及判断矩阵,然后进行层次排序,并对判断矩阵进行一致性检验,在定性、定量指标转换的基础上形成评价方法.生产试验证明该方法简易可行,结论符合实际.     

新型就仓干燥设备用于高水分小麦就仓干燥试验

采用组合式立体通风系统、空气加热器和粮仓绿色处理机组成的新型移动式就仓干燥设备对平均水分16．5％的800多吨小麦进行就仓干燥处理。在干燥过程中，对粮食水分、粮食温度、粮食微生物和干燥后小麦的品质进行测定分析。结果表明在通风干燥过程中，降水均匀，最终平均水分为12．9％，没有出现过干或过潮现象，粮温正常。由于粮仓绿色处理机所产生的臭氧的作用，霉茵总数呈下降趋势，没有霉变粮和霉味出现。干燥后小麦品质良好。与同品种晾晒干燥的小麦没有明显差异。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.