应用灰色系统理论对粮食储藏品质变化的分析研究

本研究应用灰色系统理论及其方法，对粮食储藏品质变化进行了认真、深入地分析研究，建立了小麦储藏品质变化的预测模型，还建立了小麦品质多因子动态变化模型。通过论证和检验，确定了这些模型的可用性，从而为粮食储藏研究工作提供了一个重要的认识工具。     

瓦楞钢板园仓

为了进一步改善我国粮食仓储条件,吸取国外之长,结合我国地理气候和粮种等具体情况,商业部于一九八一年确定在江苏省稻谷产区试建瓦楞型钢板圆筒粮仓。南京市粮食科学研究所根据商业部粮食储运局关于进行钢仓试制、储藏、就仓干燥降水、通风降温以及稻谷品质变化等计划要求,于一九八一年六月设计了一组容量1000吨(八个筒,每筒储粮120吨左右)由六合县第二粮库安装成型。经过装卸粮、变形校测以及设备运转等试验,于1982年春开始至1983年5月已进行了晚粳稻储藏、化学药剂熏蒸杀虫、小麦低温烘干、通风降温等项试验。为解决钢板仓装粮时因粮食自动分级所引     

惰性粉粉剂粮面拌药在高大平房仓中的应用试验

惰性粉粉剂对高大平房仓储存小麦、稻谷分别进行粮面拌药试验,定期跟踪检测试验仓与对照仓进行粮堆害虫发生情况、粮温变化情况以及粮食储藏品质变化情况,试验结果表明惰性粉粉剂对储粮害虫有较好的抑制作用,且对粮温以及粮食储藏品质未见不良影响。     

新型节能储藏物冷却机散热控温效果

应用新型节能储藏物冷却机对平房仓中的优质晚籼稻谷进行负压降温72h,能有效保水降温,增强储粮的稳定性。粮食温度最大降幅为13.9℃,平均降幅可达12.6℃;同时可以达到保水的效果;冷却机负压降温时的单位能耗为0.165kW.h/℃.t,仅为国家标准中冷却机通风降温单位能耗的33%,所以应用新型节能储藏物冷却机可以达到有效降温、节能减排、安全储藏的目的。     

双低储藏规范管理

粮食储藏技术是指根据不同粮食种类、储藏条件、粮食生理生化变化、粮食品质(工艺品质、烘焙与食用品质、种用品质等)变化规律,采用不同储藏方法和措施,对影响粮食储藏的相关因子进行控制,确保粮食储藏安全的技术组合。因此,粮食储藏是一个依据不同储藏环境,不同粮食品种、质量,不同储藏目的或用途等相关因子,而选择的优化技术组合。按照哲学的观点,粮食储藏技术虽然存在共性(普遍性)可循,必然会存在个性(特殊     

平房仓竖向和横向通风系统降温能效对比研究

以库存小麦为研究基础,利用完成包装仓散装化升级改造的两幢平房仓,在同一时期进行降温通风试验。两仓分别具有横向通风系统和竖向通风系统,全面分析通风降温效果、能耗、风量均匀性、粮温均匀性等技术指标,通过对比,发现以风道上墙、机械作业、全程覆膜、气流水平运动的横向通风系统在单位通风量、粮温降幅、失水率等方面优于竖向通风,能够更好地满足粮食储藏实仓降温通风的要求。     

稻谷低温储藏保鲜技术研究

在冬季干冷气候条件下,利用机械通风对储粮降温后用聚氯乙烯塑料泡沫板(或防虫磷药糠装袋)进行压盖试验,对稻谷在不同储藏方式下的储藏品质、菌落数、微生物区系等项目的变化进行对比分析,结果表明应用低温储粮技术储存稻谷等粮食能够起到保鲜作用,从而延缓粮食陈化,具有一定的可行性、实用性和良好的市场前景,进一步达到绿色储粮技术要求。     

塑料气密仓储粮试验

在以色列和菲律宾分别救星地ＰＶＣ方包仓、筒仓露天储藏小麦、玉米和稻谷试验。对气密储藏、充ＣＯ２储藏及自然环境下储藏进行了比较。对储藏的不同水分谷物的品质变化、ＰＶＣ透气性、抗虫及抗鼠性能进行了研究。试验表明ＰＶＣ气密粮仓不使用化学杀,有利于环境保护,适用于粮食的中短期及应急储藏。     

常规储藏过程中小麦烘焙品质变化机理的研究

研究了在室温常规储藏过程中小麦烘焙品质的变化和蛋白质各部分质和量的变化。结果表明，经过储藏小麦的烘焙品质有所改善，且在达到工艺后熟时最佳，随后有所下降。在储藏过程中，小麦蛋白质各部分的质和量均发生了变化，并与烘焙品质的变化具有一定的相关性。由此可以推测，小麦烘焙品质的变化可能是由于小麦蛋白质的质和量布的变化引起的。     

粮食储藏科学技术学科发展报告

1 概述 粮食储藏科学作为农学中农产品储藏学的一个重要组成部分,是国际上迅速发展的现代储藏产品保护科学的一个最重要分支。从生态学观点来看,粮食储藏科学是研究粮食（储藏生态的主体）与环境（非生物的与生物环境）相互关系的科学。换言之,粮食储藏科学是研究粮食在储藏期间,不同储藏条件、不同储藏方法、不同储藏处理对粮食生理生化变化,对粮食品质（工艺品质、食用品质和种用品质等）变化,对粮堆内有害和有益生物（储粮害虫、螨类、微生物及其天敌）消长、演替变化规律的科学。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.