The Bioaccumulation Performance of Reeds and Cattails in a Constructed Treatment Wetland for Removal of Heavy Metals in Landfill Leachate Treatment (Etueffont,France)

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the capacities of cattail (Typha latifolia L.) and reed (Phragmites australis L.) for heavy metal storage in the phytomass. Samples were studied in the fourth of the four interconnected natural lagooning basins of a constructed treatment wetland, developed as an integrated pilot system for the treatment of leachates in a domestic landfill site at Etueffont (Territoire de Belfort, France). The efficiency of the lagooning system was evaluated through physical and chemical parameter measurements over a period of three seasons. Anion/cation and heavy metal concentrations were sampled and analyzed in water flowing into and out of the lagooning basin. Simultaneously, reed and cattail biomass samples (roots/rhizomes, shoots) were collected at both inflow and outflow, and the biomass characteristics were determined. The average above-ground biomass of T. latifolia and P. australis varied, respectively, from 0.41 to 1.81 kg DW m⁻² in the fall, 0.31 to 1.34 kg DW m⁻² in winter, and 0.38 to 1.68 kg DW m⁻² in spring, with significant seasonal variations. The greatest mean concentrations of heavy metals were found in the below-ground plant parts of the two species during the spring season. The average standing stock of heavy metals was higher in the below-ground than in the above-ground phytomass, whatever the season. With the exception of nickel, heavy metal concentrations in the inflow were correlated to the plant content of both species.     

Spatio-temporal distribution and characterisation of phytoplankton populations coupled with abiotic and biotic changes in landfill leachate treatment basins (Etuffont, Belfort, France)

The quantitative distribution of dominant phytoplankton species was carried out in the stabilisation ponds of Etueffont landfill leachate (Belfort, France) from May 1998 to May 1999. The results showed maximum phytoplankton abundance in the last lagooning basin during summer 1998, that coincided with an increase in temperature and better leachate quality. In addition, the phytoplankton was dominated by Euglenophytes species Phacus sp. and Euglena sp. known to resist constraints induced by the highly polluted aquatic environments. An improve in water quality of the last basins translated into a shift in species composition with the substitution of the Bacillariophyceae (Stephanodiscus dubius) by the Chlorophyceae (Coelastrum sp.).     

呼图壁县地下水位动态对土地利用变化响应

研究干旱缺水地区地下水位(埋深)时空动态特征及对土地利用变化的响应,对于加强农业地区土地利用和地下水资源管理具有重要意义.以呼图壁县平原灌区为研究区,基于地统计学和GIS结合技术,应用普通克里金插值拟合研究区2000年、2010年及2018年地下水埋深时空分布,并且利用同期遥感数据解译生成了土地利用类型图,叠加分析不同...     

荒漠草原4种典型草本植物群落土壤水分动态对极端干旱降水的响应

为明晰荒漠草原典型植物群落土壤水分对极端干旱降水的响应。以4类典型植物群落(蒙古冰草、苦豆子、短花针茅、芨芨草)为研究对象,于2020—2021年分别监测4类植物群落0—120 cm土壤含水量,探讨其土壤水分在消耗期、恢复期和稳定期的动态特征及对降水的响应。结果表明：土壤水分消耗期,土壤含水量为4.56%～7.87%,呈亏缺状态,并且随着极端干旱持续从土壤浅层0—40 cm向深层80—120 cm演变;土壤水分恢复期,较为集中的Ⅴ级降水(单次>20 mm)能够恢复深层80—120 cm土壤水分,随着极端干旱持续,4类植物群落土壤水分的恢复主要呈现在浅层0—40 cm;土壤水分稳定期,随着极端干旱持续4类植物群落各层土壤含水量均<10%。综合比较4类植物群落,短花针茅群落土壤含水量在各时期相对较高,且浅层和深层土壤水分恢复具有同步性,可在水分限制区域植被恢复保育具有一定参考价值。     

Modeling Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in Response to Climate Change in Mount Everest Region of Nepal

Eurasian Soil Science - This study provides an estimate of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, projects future SOC stocks under different climate change scenarios, and considers impacts on topsoil SOC...     

Dynamics of Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Erosion due to Land Use Change (Illinois,USA)

Eurasian Soil Science - Many factors including land use, management history, soil series, climate, and soil landscape processes affect the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC). The primary...     

2001—2020年黄土高原干旱时空动态及其对气候变化的响应

为实现对黄土高原区域范围内旱情动态监测,基于MODIS NDVI和LST数据计算了温度植被干旱指数(Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index,TVDI),并基于TVDI时序数据探究了黄土高原2001—2020年TVDI时空动态、未来持续状态及降水、气温对TVDI的影响。结果表明:(1)20 a间黄土高原TVDI以0.000 2/a的速率增加,2005年、2007年大范围呈现重旱。春季TVDI增加速率小(增长速率=0.000 2/a,R²=0.000 3),夏季TVDI的增加速率为0.001 2/a,秋季TVDI的增加速率最大(增长速率=0.004 4/a,R²=0.283 6),冬季TVDI呈减小趋势。(2)春、夏两季将来一段时间内黄土高原大部分区域TVDI将呈减小趋势,秋季TVDI在将来一段时间内大部分像元数将呈变小趋势,将来一段时间冬季TVDI持续增加,尤在陕西中部地区的这种趋势更为明显。(3)除夏季TVDI与降水以正相关性为主外,其他三季均以负相关为主。春、冬季气温与TVDI以负相关为主; 夏、秋季以正相关性为主。综上,黄土高原未来一段时间内干旱程度可能会有所减小,但不同季节的干旱差异性较大,因此未来黄土高原生态恢复工程应综合考虑当地的水资源实现生态可持续发展。     

黄土高原昕水河流域径流变化及其对环境要素的响应

以黄土高原昕水河流域为对象,采用有序聚类等数理统计方法,诊断了近60 a来实测径流的变化及其阶段性特征,在此基础上,分析了不同阶段实测径流与气候要素之间的响应关系,初步揭示了径流演变的驱动机制。结果表明:近60 a来昕水河流域实测径流量以1965年和1979年为分割点总体呈现阶段性减少趋势,其中,21世纪以来减少尤其明显。不同阶段的年降水、径流关系有一定差异,相比而言,汛期（6—10月份）的月降水量与径流量具有相对较好的相关关系,非汛期（11—5月份）的月降水径流关系点群散乱。积雪及融雪对河川径流量的影响存在±5℃阈值,当气温介于该阈值区间,气温变化对河川径流影响较大。昕水河流域汛期产流受高强度降水支配,非汛期径流量以地下径流和融雪径流为主。人类活动对河川径流的影响有增大趋势。     

Chemical Composition of Rainwater Near Two Historical Monuments The Thann Collegiate (Alsace,France) and the Tours Cathedral (Indre et Loire,France)

In the present study, included within the framework of a Franco-German Research Program for Conservation of HistoricalMonuments, the chemical composition of rainwater was investigated in Thann (Alsace, France) and in Tours (Indre etLoire, France) between 1992 and 1993. A total of 78 and 24samples, respectively, were collected, near the Thann collegiateand the Tours cathedral on a weekly basis and analysed for Cl^-, NO₃ ^-, SO₄ ^2-, Na⁺, NH₄ ⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺. Results showpH ranged from 3.60 to 6.58 and from 5.49 to 7.01 for Thann andTours, respectively. In Thann, SO₄ ^2- is the major anion and rainwater acidity is neutralised by compounds ofterrigenic origin which come from the soil of the upper Rhinevalley (Ca²⁺; ‘loess’) and the potash mines of Alsace. In Tours, SO₄ ^2- is also the major anion and the acidity is neutralised partially by atmospheric ammonia and partially by compounds of terrigenic origin and by dust fromthe erosion of the cathedral and the works of restoration, in the form of CaCO₃.     

2000-2018年塔里木盆地北缘绿洲植被覆被变化及对环境要素的响应

[目的]研究塔里木盆地北缘绿洲区植被覆被变化与环境要素的相互关系,旨在为该区生态治理与恢复提供科学参考.[方法]以2000-2018年MODIS/NDVI数据为基础,结合时序内气象因素与人类活动数据,运用趋势线分析法、相关分析法、ArcGIS空间叠加与通径分析方法,总结塔里木盆地北缘绿洲时空变化特征,并探讨环境要素对绿...     

水稻干尖线虫Hsp90基因克隆及在不同逆境、侵染早期和取食过程的表达差异

热激蛋白90(heat shock protein 90,Hsp90)调控生物体的细胞代谢、生长发育和逆境适应等一系列生物过程.本研究通过cDNA末端快速扩增技术(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)分离获得了一个水稻干尖线虫(Aphelenchoides besseyi)Hsp90基因,命名为Ab-hsp90.Ab-hsp90全长cDNA序列含有69bp的5’非翻译区、编码712个氨基酸2 139 bp的开放阅读框以及137 bp的3'非翻译区UTR.Ab-hsp90DNA序列包含9个外显子和8个内含子.Ab-hsp90蛋白序列与其他植物寄生线虫Hsp90s高度相似,最大似然树显示与植物寄生线虫位于同一进化分支;结构上具有5个保守的Hps90蛋白家族序列标签和特异MEEVD基系,表明Ab-hsp90为胞质型Hsp90.qRT-PCR显示,Ab-hsp90在水稻干尖线虫各个龄期均表达,在卵和成虫表达水平最高.当线虫暴露于干燥、低渗透胁迫以及短时间阿维菌素溶液中时Ab-hsp90均上调表达;Ab-hsp90还受到短时低温(4℃)诱导,在高温(40℃)环境持续高水平表达.在侵染抗感不同的水稻(Oryza sativa)植株时,Ab-hsp90的表达水平具有差异性:在线虫接种抗性水稻72 h内,Ab-hsp90一直高度表达,而在接种感病水稻上Ab-hsp90表达水平显著升高随后下降.取食灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)的线虫Ab-hsp90在9d内始终高度表达,而胡萝卜(Daucus carota)愈伤组织培养的线虫6d内Ab-hsp90表达上调但此后逐渐下调.这些数据表明,Ab-hsp90可能参与水稻干尖线虫的抗逆适应、早期侵染以及取食行为.本研究有助于拓展植物寄生线虫Hsp90蛋白的功能,为进一步研究线虫与植物互作机制提供了有益借鉴.     

内蒙古东部区粮食产量对气候变化的响应

利用内蒙古东部产粮区25个气象站建站至2005年气象资料与粮豆和主要作物产量资料,分析了作物生长季水热演变规律,及区域作物产量对气候变化的响应。结果表明:(1)近50a该区域水热匹配格局发生变化,特别是近20a暖干化趋势明显;(2)降水是影响该地区粮食生产的关键气象因子,春、夏季降水量的匮乏和生长季高温是粮食生产的主要限制因素;(3)各作物的第一敏感因子不同。小麦和谷子为降水,玉米为夏季高温,马铃薯产量对7-8月温差和4-5月降水反应敏感。(4)据模型推算,当生长季平均最高气温或温差增加1℃时,有可能使玉米气象产量减少102～192kg/hm2,大豆减产87kg/hm2,马铃薯增产55.5kg/hm2。因此,气候暖干化倾向有可能造成该区域农业产量呈下降趋势。研究结果可为有关部门制定应对气候变化策略提供参考。     

江西省土地利用变化及其对人类活动的响应

采用人机交互式判读解译2005年、2010年、2013年3期TM/ETM+遥感影像,提取获得江西省土地利用数据。从土地利用变化速度、土地利用转移空间特征与方向、土地利用程度等角度对江西省人类活动作用下的土地利用变化时空规律进行了深入分析。结果表明:(1)2005—2010年、2010—2013年两个时间段,江西土地利用变化速度呈现下降趋势,各地类增减变化较为显著;(2)2005年以来,耕地与建设用地、林地3种地类间的转移流在土地转移网络中占主导地位;地类间转移面积密度总体呈下降趋势,土地利用类型转移热点区呈片状及散点状分布;(3)总体来看,江西省土地利用程度整体水平普遍提升,土地利用程度综合变化指数区域差异逐步缩小;土地利用程度综合指数变化极值区受政策影响显著,在两个时期内促使了赣北环鄱区、赣南地区土地利用活跃区的形成。     

土壤呼吸日动态特征及其与大气温度、湿度的响应

为阐明西藏高原区土壤呼吸作用日变化特征对大气温度、湿度特征因子的响应,以西藏林芝八一镇农田为研究对象,研究土壤呼吸速率与地表大气温度、湿度及土壤水分蒸发之间的响应关系。结果表明:土壤呼吸作用具有单峰型日变化特征,呼吸速率在0.5～1.3μmol/(m2.s)范围内,最大值出现在15:00-16:00之间,最小值出现在10:00-12:00。气温是影响土壤呼吸速率变化的关键气象因子,与土壤水分蒸发速率和大气湿度呈极显著正相关。但土壤呼吸速率的日变化与气温、大气湿度、蒸发速率之间并不完全同步,1d内,在19:00-7:00之间气温变化幅度较小,呼吸速率与气温、大气湿度和蒸发速率之间呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.001)。在7:00-19:00之间气温变化幅度大,表现为土壤呼吸作用滞后于气温、大气湿度和蒸发变化,约滞后3h。由此可知,短暂的大气温度、湿度条件变化并不能引起土壤呼吸作用的快速显著变化。     

Critical loads of acidity to surface waters in the Vosges massif (north-east of France)

Acid clearwater fishless streams have been identified in the Vosges mountains. In order to evaluate the relatipnships between acidifying factors (such as atmospheric deposition), buffering factors (such as bedrock and soil type), and surface water acidity, an exhaustive survey of streamwater acidity in the Vosges mountains (N-E France) was performed. A network of 11 measurement stations of atmospheric deposition was used to estimate and map deposition over the whole massif (total area 5000 km²). Data on bedrock, soil, superficial deposits, and vegetation were collected from published studies. Sensitive areas as well as acidifying environment factors were derived from the corresponding maps. Over the whole massif, 19% of streams showed baseflow alkalinity below 30 eq.r¹ and 7.5 % were identified as acid (pH < 5.4).=" acid=" streams=" occur=" on=" the=" north-western=" side=" of=" the=" massif=" on=" quartzrich=" sandstone=" and=" acid=" granites.=" in=" each=" of=" these=" areas,=" we=" could=" clearly=" point=" out=" on=" one=" hand,=" the=" negative=" influence=" of=" conifer=" vegetation=" and=" glacial=" soil=" abrasion=" or=" induration,=" and=" on=" the=" other=" hand=" the=" buffering=" effect=" of=" moraine=" deposits.=" a=" corresponding=" range=" of=" critical=" loads=">< 0.2=" to=" 2.0=" keq.=">¹ yr¹) for surface water was calculated using the Steady State Water, Chemistry method (SSWC).     

荒漠草原植物多样性分布格局对微地形尺度环境变化的响应

采用地统计学方法,以荒漠草原自由放牧草地3种典型"覆沙—侵蚀"微地形地貌为对象,研究不同微地形地貌区域草地植物多样性分布格局对土壤养分、地表枯落物和羊粪量、地表微高程等环境因子的响应。结果表明:微地形坡面面积比例70%,地表微高程变化属中等变异强度(CV1),表层土壤粗沙粒含量为80%,植被盖度为20%时,地表枯落物、土壤全磷和全氮、地表微高程深刻影响着植物多样性空间异质性分布格局。微地形坡面面积比例为50%,地表微高程变化属强度变异(CV1),表层土壤粗沙粒含量为70%,植被盖度40%时,土壤全磷、地表微高程显著影响植物多样性分布格局特征。荒漠草原风蚀作用形成的"覆沙—侵蚀"微地形地貌引起各非生物要素在空间上的重新分配作用,显著影响植物群落多样性的空间异质性特征。不同微地形地貌特征约束条件下,植物多样性分布格局是各非生物要素共同作用的结果,但对不同环境要素的响应程度存在较大差异,这种差异性很可能与放牧干扰强度存在密切相关性。     

大连松树水库浮游植物特征及对环境因子的响应

2017年5—10月,每月2次对松树水库开展浮游植物采样调查,同步监测总氮含量、总磷含量、叶绿素a含量、降水量和库容等指标,考察松树水库浮游植物群落结构组成及密度变化,并进行冗余分析研究浮游植物与环境因子的关系。结果表明:松树水库浮游植物组成为硅藻门-蓝藻门型,随季节性变化明显,其中硅藻门与蓝藻门存在竞争关系;藻类总数、硅藻门密度和蓝藻门密度对水质和水文因子的响应存在不同程度的差异。建议在夏季主要控制有机质,而春秋季着重减少水中氮磷含量,以防控水华的发生。     

Temporal Patterns of the Wet Deposition of Zn,Cu, Ni,Cd and Pb: The Arcachon Lagoon (France)

We report here the first data set on wet deposition of heavy metals in the southwestern French coastal zone. In this region, there are two major sensitive coastal ecosystems: the Gironde Estuary and the Arcachon Lagoon. Chemical analyses of heavy metals were carried out by ICP-MS. Annual mean concentrations of the dissolved fraction in precipitation were 0.2, 3.4, 4.3, 8.1 and 30 μg L^-1for Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn, respectively. In terms of annual fluxes, these numbers are of the same order of magnitude as the fluxes measured in southeastern France, but are higher than those measured in western Brittany. When extrapolated to the entire Bay of Biscay, the annual wet dissolved fluxes of Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn are respectively 7, 110, 140 340 and 1440 t yr^-1. According to available data in the literature, the regional Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn atmospheric fluxes for the Bay of Biscay are of the same order of magnitude as riverine inputs (Loire and Gironde). On a daily or weekly time scale, we observed a strong variability of elemental fluxes: up to 20% of the annual dissolved flux may occur in a rain event shorter than 3.5 days. Although elements display generally parallel variations with time, they sometimes follow independent behaviours (e.g. Pb and Cd), suggesting that they may derive from different geographical and/or pollution sources.     

Response of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) to Salpichroa origanifolia Withanolides.

Biological effects on Tribolium castaneum larvae were evaluated for three withanolides isolated from Salpichroa origanifolia (Solanaceae), (20S,22R,24S,25S,26R)-5alpha,6alpha:22,26:24,25-triepoxy-26-hydroxy-17(13-->18)-abeo-ergosta-2,13,15,17-tetraen-1-one (salpichrolide A, 1), (20S,22R,24S,25S,26R)-22,26:24,25-diepoxy-5alpha,6beta,26-trihydroxy-17(13-->18)-abeo-ergosta-2,13,15,17-tetraen-1-one (salpichrolide C, 2), and (20S,22R,24S,25S,26R)-5alpha,6alpha:22,26:24,25-triepoxy-15,26-dihydroxy-17(13-->18)-abeo-ergosta-2,13,15,17-tetraen-1-one (salpichrolide G, 3), and for several chemically modified analogues. The compounds were incorporated into the larval diet at concentrations of 500 and 2000 ppm. Salpichrolide C (2) produced a significant delay in the development of neonate larvae to adults at the highest concentration (2000 ppm); development delays and lethal effects were produced by salpichrolides A (1) and G (3) at both concentrations assayed. The size of surviving adults was used as a criterion for assessing feedant deterrent effects; the results suggest that these compounds act as feeding inhibitors. Influence of chemical modifications in development delay was analyzed.     

龙川江上游径流量变化及其对气候变化的响应

基于1970—2012年龙川江上游小河口水文站的径流资料和楚雄的气象资料,运用M-K法、相关系数法、累积距平法等方法,分析了龙川江上游径流量、降水量和气温的年内、年际和年代际的变化以及径流量对气候变化的响应。结果表明:龙川江上游径流量年内分配极不均,在1994年后渐趋均匀,年径流量呈不显著的波动下降趋势,而且径流量在70,80年代和2010—2012年偏枯,90和00年代偏丰;年平均气温和年降水量都呈上升趋势,但后者的趋势不明显;年降水量对年径流量的影响很明显,而年平均气温对径流量的影响较小,四个季节中春季和秋季的径流量受降雨量变化的影响较大,降水量和气温的变化对夏季径流的影响都较为明显,而冬季相反。总之,不同季节的径流量对不同气候因素的响应是不同的。