浅议农机保险的发展方向

随着农机购置补贴政策不断深入实施,农业机械更新换代步伐加快,农机动力逐年提高,农业机械的应用已经普及到农业生产的各个环节,由于农业机械作业环境、驾驶人操作技能、安全生产意识等原因,农机作业安全事故依然长期存在,对人民生命、财产安全造成损失,农机保险作为农机安全作业止损、减损的重要制度保障应加强和完善,建立农机政策保险制度或实行统一的农机保险制度,组建农机保险服务组织,为农机手提供保障服务。     

建设网络信息系统 促进嘉兴市农机 作业资源优化配置的实践与探索

当前农民购买大中型现代化农业机械的目的是开展社会化服务,以收回购机成本和赚取利润。但是,在作业供需双方都处于分散经营的情况下,作业信息的沟通存在着严重的瓶颈。浙江省嘉兴市应用现代网络信息技术建立的嘉兴市农机服务信息系统为供需双方搭起了信息沟通的桥梁,实现了农机作业资源的优化配置,为相关行业和地区的农机信息服务提供了有益的借鉴。     

注重抓好全方位农机化服务

农业机械化服务,从广义上讲,可分为农机作业服务,物资、技术、信息服务,政策法规服务三个层次。对农业生产和农村经济发展进行全方位机械化作业服务是发展农业机械化的出发点和落脚点,是农业机械化发展的一线服务。为农业机械的经营者进行物资、技术、信息方面的服务,保障作业服务的有序正常进行,可以视为农业机械化的二线服务。制订规划和政策法规,     

新郑市农机服务体系建设中存在的问题及对策

1基本情况近几年来,随着国家农机购置补贴政策力度的逐年加大,新郑市农业机械装备水平和结构有了很大提高与改善,各种新型农业机械和新技术得到了广泛的应用。农机专业合作社、农机作业公司和农机经纪人等新型服务组织大量涌现,初步形成了以农机作业服务为中心,以农机化技术推广、技能培训、机具维修、配件供应、信息     

农机修理工职业技能鉴定培训考评

农机维修是农机社会化服务的一项重要内容,是农业机械"高效、优质、安全、正常"作业的重要保障。农机修理工的培训考评工作是促进农机维修服务发展的重要基础和保障。通过对农机维修行业以及农机修理工培训考评方面的初步分析和探讨,提出一些见解。     

谁来为农机建一个遮风挡雨的“家”

农业机械库房是农机户、农机化作业服务机构存放农业机械的主要场所，是发挥农业机械作用的重要保障设施。2013年以来，通过对鄂州市农机库房建设现状的调查，发现此项工作已严重滞后于农机化发展，加快农机库房建设迫在眉睫。     

浅析天津农机安全监理工作计算机的应用现状和发展方向

农业机械安全监督管理是保证农机作业工艺实施全过程的安全的一项系统工程，它包括对农业机械、作业环境、作业人员的安全监督管理，是保证农业安全生产的重要环节。天津市的农业机械在近几年得到了很大的发展，与此同时农机安全监理工作也得到了长足的发展，随着计算机技术的日新月异，将计算机网络技术、数据库技术应用于农机安全监理工作，不断提高农机安全监理工作的计算机应用水平，是提高农机安全监理工作现代化管理水平的重要措施之一。     

Android 平台农机作业服务信息采集系统-基于 Google Maps

我国农机作业配套服务信息缺失,需要便捷、准确、高效的农机服务信息采集系统。为此,设计开发了基于Android智能终端的便携式农机作业服务信息采集系统,应用Google Maps的电子地图和遥感地图开放资源,通过GPS实时定位或地图拾取方式进行农田地块、维修点、加油站、粮库等农机作业服务信息采集,实现地物属性及图像信息的快速获取、远程传输与动态更新,为规模化农机作业服务提供更加高效、科学的信息支持。系统应用实践表明:地图数据清晰可信、界面操作简便、数据传输可靠。     

智慧农机调配管理平台设计与实现

针对目前农机作业过程中资源调度不合理、效率低下以及缺乏有效的农机调度与监管手段等问题,提出一种基于互联网的智慧农机管理平台。该平台分为数据采集层、网络传输层、平台层、访问层、用户层5个层次。围绕该平台,开发谷物收割机的机载数据采集单元,"我是地主"、"我是机手"手机APP,通过终端+APP的方式,将农机信息,服务供需双方信息进行实时动态匹配和对接,解决农机服务过程中供需之间的信息不对称问题。为解决大规模数据高并发的数据接收和存储问题,给出三层数据接收与存储架构,该结构同时具备良好的可扩展性。以机手为服务对象,提出在多目标约束下的基于回溯策略的农机智能调度算法,在作业季内可提高机手收益20.6%,实现了对农机资源的高效调配。设计改进型的三角形分割法,该方法提高农机作业面积计算精确性,使平均相对误差降至4.5%以下,减少农机服务过程中因测量作业面积产生的人力成本,能够满足服务费用快速计算的要求。将互联网技术融入农业机械的作业和管理环节,为实现农业机械作业全程信息化和智能化进行有益的尝试。     

农机专业信息服务系统的研究与实现

依托信息技术、互联网技术、GIS技术,建立一套基于GIS的农业机械专业信息生态系统。包含农机行业政策、新技术、新产品、维修服务、作业服务、操作培训等基础数据,实现农业机械在管理、生产、作业服务、维修服务等方面全方位的信息收集和共享,并达到生产企业、农机研究机构、农民、农机维修站及行业管理部门之间信息点对点的传递,进一步推进农机化与信息化的融合。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。