同发 将秸秆变废为宝的合作社

在胶东半岛莱州湾畔,有一个远近闻名的农机专业合作社,它广泛收集周边村庄农作物秸秆,围绕生物制浆和秸秆饲料,大力发展农作物秸秆综合利用,推动了当地农业生产的发展和新农村建设,被当地政府评为“双十佳示范合作社”。它便是山东省莱州市同发农作物秸秆回收专业合作社。为全面利用农作物秸秆,合作社购置了成套的农作物秸秆加工设备。     

秸秆打捆机研究现状及发展趋势

农作物秸秆是重要的可再生资源,近年来,随着农作物产量的不断提升,产生大量农作物秸秆,作物秸秆的高效利用是农业资源循环、可持续发展的重要目标之一。由于秸秆数量巨大,人工收集、运输、处理难度较大,极大地限制了农作物秸秆的循环利用,不少地区仍然采用就地焚烧或随意丢弃的处理方法,严重制约了我国农业绿色、可持续发展。秸秆机械化技术推广可以提高作物秸秆利用效率,主要机型包括秸秆粉碎机、秸秆收获机、秸秆打捆机,其中,秸秆打捆机的工作性能直接影响秸秆后续的储藏和运输环节,因此,提高秸秆打捆机的工作性能是实现秸秆大规模利用的有效途径。目前,我国秸秆打捆机存在结构复杂、工作效率及自动化程度低等问题。针对以上问题,对目前国内外秸秆打捆机发展现状进行系统分析,总结出目前秸秆打捆机生产及田间作业的主要问题,提出未来我国秸秆打捆机的主要研究方向与重点,旨在为提升秸秆打捆机的工作效率与秸秆利用效率提供技术参考与借鉴。     

关于湖北省主要农作物秸秆机械化还田有关问题的思考

正农作物秸秆是农业生产过程中的必然产物,利用的好,则变废为宝,利用的不好,就废而生祸。目前,秸秆综合利用方式较多,但秸秆机械化还田是其中最主要,也是最便捷的一种方式。围绕湖北省主要农作物秸秆机械化还田的有关问题,结合湖北省主要农作物生产全程机械化推进行动,调研组分赴荆门、荆州、襄阳等粮食主产县(市、区)开展实地     

我国秸秆机械化综合利用情况

<正>我国是粮食生产大国,也是农作物秸秆生产大国,农作物秸秆常年产出量为8亿吨。近些年国家高度重视秸秆综合利用,出台了一系列政策,采取了一系列措施,秸秆综合利用水平不断提高。据统计,到2015年底全国秸秆综合利用率为80.1%,其中秸秆肥料化利用量3.9亿吨,占可收集资源量的43.2%;秸秆饲料化、基料化、燃料化及原料化的利用量3.3亿吨,占可收集资源量的36.9%。     

莱州市秸秆综合利用面临的问题及对策

正一、农作物秸秆综合利用现状农作物秸秆综合利用在国内外得到了普遍认可。莱州市是农业大市,也是农作物秸秆生产大市,农作物秸秆常年产出量为90万吨,近年来国家高度重视秸秆综合利用,采取了一系列措施,秸秆综合利用水平不断提高。据统计到2017年底莱州市秸秆综合利用率为80.1%,其中秸秆肥料化利用量38.9万吨,占可收集资源量的43.2%;饲料化、基料化、燃料化及原料化的利用量33万吨,占可收集资源量的     

秸秆生化颗粒饲料生产技术

秸秆生化处理并加工成秸秆生化颗粒饲料,是目前国内外最先进、最科学的秸秆利用方式。利用农作物秸秆发展畜牧业,使秸秆“过腹还田”,形成农业生态良性循环,已成为现代化农业的可行之路。大力推广秸秆生化颗粒饲料生产技术,必将对畜牧业的发展、农村经济的繁荣、秸秆的有效利用产生深远的影响。     

莱西市秸秆综合利用现状及保障措施

正莱西市农作物秸秆主要为小麦秸秆和玉米秸秆,秸秆综合利用主要通过肥料化、饲料化、原料化和燃料化等方式进行。近年来,莱西市农机部门高度重视秸秆的综合利用,通过资金和政策两个手段来推动此项工作,秸秆利用机械呈现井喷式发展,秸秆综合利用工作再上新台阶。一、莱西市主要农作物秸秆综合利用现状1.秸秆生产及利用情况莱西市农作物播种总面积202万亩,粮食作物种植142万亩,占比71%,     

我国农作物秸秆综合利用分析

我国是农业大国,农作物秸秆资源丰富,但是现阶段秸秆利用率还很低,本文介绍了国内外秸秆资源的利用现状,总结了现阶段我国农作物秸秆利用存在的问题,分析了农作物秸秆的利用价值,阐明了农作物秸秆资源化的途径。     

利用农作物秸秆制人造板的发展前景

引言我国是农业大国 ,每年农作物秸秆产量达 6亿吨 ,这是一种巨大的可再生资源。随着科技进步及农民生活水平的提高 ,秸秆不再作为农村的日用燃料 ,如何将秸秆这一农业上的资源优势转化为经济优势 ,探索秸秆综合利用的有效途径 ,已日益受到关注。从可持续发展的长远战略分析 ,要在全国范围内解决农作物秸秆的综合利用 ,其根本出路在于农作物秸秆的工业化利用 ,农作物秸秆工业化利用将成为下世纪的一项新兴产业。1　我国秸秆综合利用的现状目前秸秆综合利用主要集中在粉碎还田、青贮饲料及替代能源等方面。1 .1　秸秆粉碎还田收获后的玉米、…     

巢湖市秸秆机械化还田的问题与对策

农作物秸秆机械化还田是指以机械作业的方式,将收获后的农作物秸秆直接粉碎,均匀抛撒于田间,随即深耕翻埋,使之腐烂分解,达到大面积培肥地力的一项农机化适用技术。随着我国农业生产水平的不断提高,农作物秸秆的产量也越来越高,大力推广农作物秸秆机械化还田技术,不仅     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。