黄瓜雌性系诱雄效果的研究

以黄瓜强雌自交系‘G5-2’和全雌自交系‘298’为试验材料,研究不同化学试剂(赤霉素、硝酸银和硫代硫酸银)不同浓度和处理时期对诱雄效果的影响。结果表明,强雌系材料的最佳诱雄试剂和浓度为800 mg·L-1赤霉素,最佳喷施时期为1叶1心期、2叶1心期各1次;全雌系材料的最佳诱雄试剂和浓度为600 mg·L~(-1)硫代硫酸银溶液,在1叶1心期、3叶1心期各喷施1次可取得最佳效果。该结果对生产中雌性系黄瓜材料的诱雄技术具有重要指导意义和应用价值。     

全雌系苦瓜两性花分化的化学调控

以不同苗龄全雌系苦瓜X黑-d-d为试材,研究硝酸银不同浓度、不同喷施次数对其诱雄的效果。结果表明,硝酸银诱导全雌系苦瓜X黑-d-d两性花分化的关键时期是三叶期,300mg·L-1硝酸银喷施2次,每次间隔5d的诱雄效果最好。     

不同诱雄试剂对黄瓜诱雄效果的比较试验

研究不同诱雄试剂(赤霉素、硝酸银和硫代硫酸银)的不同浓度对黄瓜诱雄效果的影响.结果表明,800mg·L-1GA溶液或600mg·L-1 Ag2S2O3溶液诱雄效果较好,通过调查分析600mg·L-1Ag2S2O3溶液诱雄后有死苗现象,GA溶液配制比较简单,所以生产上大面积使用建议用800mg·L-1GA溶液诱雄,就能得到理想的结果.该结果对生产中黄瓜材料的诱雄技术具有重要指导意义和应用价值.     

水果黄瓜雌性系诱雄效果及其应用

为了研究不同化学试剂(赤霉素、硝酸银和硫代硫酸银)不同处理时期对黄瓜雌性系诱雄效果的影响。以水果黄瓜雌性系‘B51’为试验材料,分别在不同苗龄喷施诱雄剂,统计诱导雄花数量。结果表明:不同试剂相同时间喷施,诱导雄花产生的节位及集中出雄节位基本一致;不同时期,即1叶1心、2叶1心和3叶1心期喷施同一化学试剂产生的雄花数无显著差异(20节内);硫代硫酸银(600 mg·L~(-1))溶液诱雄效果最佳,表现为20节内出现的雄花数量最多。该结果对雌性系黄瓜育种材料的雌性筛选及保持具有重要的指导意义。     

黄瓜雌性系诱雄方法研究

黄瓜雌性系的诱雄效果和幼苗大小、诱雄药剂、药剂浓度及处理次数均有关系。本试验试图分析各因素对诱雄效果的影响,为黄瓜雌性系诱雄提供参考。结果表明,药剂处理次数、药剂种类、处理时期对诱雄均有极显著影响。幼苗三叶一心时诱雄效果非常显著,好于其它处理。硝酸银的诱雄效果非常显著,好于赤霉素。药剂900mg·L-1时诱雄效果最好。喷施3次的诱雄效果非常显著地好于其他处理。高浓度的硝酸银会对植株造成严重伤害,赤霉素则较安全。     

黄瓜雌性系诱雄方法研究

黄瓜雌性系的诱雄效果和幼苗大小、诱雄药剂、药剂浓度及处理次数均有关系.本试验试图分析各因素对诱雄效果的影响,为黄瓜雌性系诱雄提供参考.结果表明,药剂处理次数、药剂种类、处理时期对诱雄均有极显著影响.幼苗三叶一心时诱雄效果非常显著,好于其它处理.硝酸银的诱雄效果非常显著,好于赤霉素.药剂900mg·L-1时诱雄效果最好.喷施3次的诱雄效果非常显著地好于其他处理.高浓度的硝酸银会对植株造成严重伤害,赤霉素则较安全.     

硝酸银和赤霉素对西瓜雌性系诱雄效果的影响

为了探索硝酸银和赤霉素对西瓜雌性系诱雄效果及生长发育的影响,以雌雄异花同株材料‘XHB’和‘TS409’及其血缘相同的两个雌性系突变体‘XHBGM’和‘TGS409’为试材,于春、秋两季,在西瓜苗期喷施不同质量浓度的硝酸银(100、300、500 mg·L~(-1))和赤霉素(500、1 000、1 500 mg·L~(-1)),调查了处理后植株高度、茎粗度等生长指标及各单株前30个节位内雄花、雌花、两性花的数量。结果表明,赤霉素可促使雌雄异花同株材料产生更多的雄花,但在雌性系材料上无明显的诱雄效果,植株表现徒长现象,植株高度、节间长度明显增加,茎粗度、叶片叶绿素含量显著降低。硝酸银在雌性系和雌雄异花同株材料上均可诱导产生两性花,秋季效果更为明显,且质量浓度越高,诱雄效果越好,但高质量浓度的硝酸银对植株生长产生抑制作用,甚至导致植物死亡;300 mg·L~(-1)是诱导西瓜雌性系有效产生两性花的最佳质量浓度,对植株伤害较小,秋季诱雄效果更佳,生产上可采用此方法来繁殖西瓜雌性系。     

大棚“迷你桔”南瓜诱雄方法

以"迷你桔"南瓜为试材,从诱雄试剂、硝酸银浓度、苗龄期、喷施次数以及喷施间隔时间等5个方面分析并确定了最佳的诱雄方法。结果表明:在南瓜幼苗4片真叶时期,连续2次,每次间隔3d,对南瓜幼苗喷施150mg·L~(-1)AgNO_3溶液,对其雄花诱导效果最好。     

黄瓜雌性系不同处理方式诱雄试验

黄瓜属于葫芦科甜瓜属,是雌雄同株异花的蔬菜作物.一代杂种优势明显,增产效果显著.利用黄瓜雌性系制种可免除人工去雄或人工杂交的麻烦,在生产上广泛使用.但是雌性系本身无雄花,致使雌性系的自身繁殖非常困难.国外关于雌性系的繁殖通常是以配套的全同株系给其授粉,以获得种子;或利用化学药剂处理幼苗诱雄[2].国内主要用赤霉素,硝酸银和硫代硫酸银作诱雄剂,但对其具体使用方法和技术,意见不一致[1,3].本试验的目的在于比较两种诱雄剂AgNO3和Ag2S2O3的使用效果,寻找最佳处理时期及最低喷施浓度和次数,为现有雌性系选育和繁殖提供可靠的依据和方法.     

黄瓜雌性系诱雄方法研究

以欧洲温室型黄瓜雌性系 6 5G为试材 ,研究了不同化学试剂 (硝酸银和硫代硫酸银 )及其浓度和处理时期(一叶一心和三叶一心、二叶一心和四叶一心及三叶一心和五叶一心 )对诱雄效果的影响。结果表明 ,4 0 0mg/kg(毫克 /公斤 )的硝酸银于黄瓜二叶一心和四叶一心时喷施 ,可取得最佳效果 ,具体表现为所诱导的雄花数目多 ,第一雄花出现的节位低 ,死株率低。     

Influence of storage and mixing factors on the biological activity of silver thiosulfate

Silver thiosulfate (STS) complex stability and degradation during formulation and storage were monitored indirectly by determining the effectiveness of treatment solutions in retarding flower petal abscission in geraniums (Pelargonium hortorum Baily). Freshly prepared solutions composed of Ag⁺:S₂O₃^2? ratios from 1:1 to 1:16 at constant silver concentration were all equally effective. There were no differences in effectiveness when a Ag⁺:S₂O₃^2? solution of ratio 1:4 was formulated at 5, 25 or 50°C, when prepared at pH 4.01, 7.0 or 10.0, or when prepared in the presence of 10 mM KCl, Na₂CO₃, Ca(NO₃)₂ or MgSO₄. The ability of solutions to retard abscission was reduced when Ag⁺ was substantially in excess of S₂O₃^2?. Rapid mixing of AgNO₃ and Na₂S₂O₃ solutions yielded effective solutions, independent of mixing order. Complete loss of activity was observed when solutions were stored in contact with either tin or galvanized metal for 5 days, whereas there was no loss in activity after 3 months' storage in plastic or glass at 2°C. These results indicate that currently recommended formulation procedures are unnecessarily stringent, and that long-term cold storage of prepared STS solutions is feasible.     

In vitro response of pistachio nodal explants to silver nitrate

The effect of silver nitrate on shoot differentiation and shoot growth was examined in order to improve the regeneration efficiency of pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv. Kirmizi) in vitro. Nodal explants of in vitro-grown seedlings were used to test various concentrations and combinations of 6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (KIN), gibberellic acid (GA₃) and silver nitrate (AgNO₃). Addition of AgNO₃ up to 48.0 μM to the culture medium improved the regeneration frequency and shoot growth, and reduced basal callus formation in all regenerated explants. The highest regeneration frequency (100%) was recorded on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 9.0 μM BA, 0.2 μM GA₃ and 24.0 or 48.0 μM AgNO₃ in combination. The best proliferation response in terms of both shoot formation and low callus production was obtained in the medium containing a combination of 9.0 μM BA, 0.2 μM GA₃ and 12.0 μM AgNO₃. Regenerated shoots, coming from three cycles of subculturing in proliferation media, were rooted in half-strength MS medium containing 12.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Well rooted plantlets were acclimatized and eventually established in peat and perlite. The development and optimization of an effective micropropagation protocol that is presented in this paper can give an important contribution to improve the quality of pistachio plants and, as a consequence, of orchard production in Middle East countries.     

Reversal of ethylene inhibition of tulip stem elongation by silver thiosulphate

Cut flowering stems of Tulipa cultivars were treated with a range of silver thiosulphate (STS) solutions (0.01–2.0 mM) for different times (10 min–24 h). The extension of the stem and longevity of the perianth were then observed at 18°C with the stems in water. At the highest dose (2.0 mM STS), a metallic silver sheen appeared on the surface of the STS solution and leaves were damaged. At non-toxic levels there appeared to be no effect on perianth longevity. However, the STS treatment completely reversed the inhibition of stem elongation caused by treatment with ethephon (48 mg l^?1 for 24 h) or with ethylene (C₂H₄, 1 v.p.m. for 41 h). The results suggest that in spite of the lack of effect of STS on corolla longevity, the STS is freely mobile in the vascular tissue and in trace amounts blocks the effects of C₂H₄. Silver nitrate was not as effective as STS.Measurements of STS uptake suggest that about 1 μmol of silver is sufficient to counter the inhibitory effects of ethylene on stem elongation.     

广东辣椒上首次检测到西瓜银斑驳病毒

2014 年在广东辣椒产区发现疑似番茄斑萎病毒属（Tospovirus）病毒侵染引起的辣椒褪绿坏死环斑症状。Dot-ELISA 检测显示,该病毒分离物与番茄斑萎病毒（Tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV）单克隆抗体不产生血清学反应,表明该病毒不属于TSWV。利用Tospovirus 属病毒通用引物gL3637/gL4435C进行RT-PCR 检测,可以从所有辣椒病样总RNA 中扩增出预期大小约800 bp 的目的片段。基因克隆与序列分析表明,该片段序列与西瓜银斑驳病毒（Watermelon silver mottle virus,WSMoV）中国广州分离物的同源性最高,为97.5%。系统进化分析也显示,该病毒分离物与WSMoV 各分离物亲缘关系最近,并聚类在一个分支。因此,侵染广东辣椒的病毒分离物为WSMoV。     

新银辉甜瓜夏秋栽培技术要点

新银辉为银辉改良的新一代杂交品种,是由台湾兆春企业有限公司生产,福建农嘉种业股份有限公司引进.本市于2000年开始引进试种,经过2-3年的试种和近年来推广种植,该品种不仅适宜于早春保护地和常规种植,而且还适宜于夏秋栽培,其丰产性、抗病性和商品性状都表现良好,尤其是高抗枯萎病,后期不易早衰等方面,深受瓜农欢迎.据不完全统计,今年夏秋种植面积达33公顷以上,由于价格高,都获得了较高的经济效益.现将本市夏秋栽培技术要点介绍如下,以供瓜农参考.     

Cut-flower life of dry transported carnations as influenced by different silver form pre-treatments

Twenty-four hours of pre-treatment with AgNO₃ increased the vase-life of flowers from 3 to 4 days for carnations kept in water or in preservative solutions after simulated transport conditions. A mixture of AgNO₃ with sodium thiosulphate or with EDTA was considerably better than AgNO₃, while such complexing agents as CDTA, EDDHA and EDPA were less effective. Determination of radioactive silver (Ag) in dissected carnation parts treated with different Ag complexes showed a positive correlation between vase-life and the amount of tracer Ag in the plants.     

赤霉素、乙烯和硝酸银处理对4种类型西瓜性型诱导的研究

<正>目的与意义:在葫芦科作物中利用雌性系育种具有重要的价值,西瓜是一种重要的葫芦科作物,其花的类型包括:雌雄异花、雄花完全花、三性花、雌花完全花、全雌花、完全花和全雄花。在葫芦科作物中,花的性型受到基因、激素及环境因子的多种因素调控。赤霉素、乙烯及硝酸银被报道可以调控黄瓜性型,但在西瓜中的作用尚不明确。利用4     

Variability between silver thiosulfate and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid applications in prolonging bract longevity of potted bougainvillea

Potted bougainvillea ‘Purple Flower’ and ‘Taipei Red’ in four different stages of bract development were sprayed with STS (0.1, 0.5 mM) or NAA (25, 50 ppm) and were moved to low-light indoor conditions after treatment. The experiment was conducted twice, and the results showed that 0.5 mM STS and NAA (25, 50 ppm) could significantly prolong the longevity of bracts at certain stages in both cultivars. Treatment with 0.1 mM STS, however, had no effect on bract longevity of ‘Taipei Red’ at any stage. The prolonging effect of STS was more obvious in early bract stages and decreased as the bract stage increased, whereas NAA applications at later bract stages produced better results on prolonging bract longevity. The ethylene production rates of bracts in these two cultivars were higher in early stages and gradually decreased with bract growth. We propose that this phenomenon is related to the variability between STS and NAA in prolonging bract longevity of bougainvillea.     

南瓜银叶突变体48a的表型特征及其遗传学分析

南瓜银叶突变体48a是在嫩食型中国南瓜中分离筛选到的稳定遗传自交系,银色叶不仅可以作为标记性状应用到育种中,还可为南瓜抗虫、抗病、耐寒等一系列研究提供重要的材料基础。笔者对银叶突变体的表型特征及叶片的解剖结构进行鉴定分析,发现植株整体长势、熟性与野生型无明显差异;成熟叶片正面全部呈银灰色,叶绿素含量明显降低,叶片上表皮细胞与栅栏细胞间明显剥离,存在明显的空隙。利用突变体48a和野生型49a南瓜自交系构建的六世代遗传群体,调查发现F2的绿叶与银叶符合3∶1的分离比,回交群体BC1P1分离比符合1∶1,表明南瓜银色叶性状由单隐性基因控制。