香菇多糖对脂多糖刺激断奶仔猪肌肉组织炎症反应及蛋白质降解相关基因表达的影响

本试验的目的是探究香菇多糖(LNT)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激断奶仔猪肌肉组织炎症反应及蛋白质降解相关基因表达的影响。试验选取24头体重(7.84±0.21) kg的健康三元杂交断奶仔猪,按照体重近似原则随机分为2组:对照组(12头)和香菇多糖组(12头)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,香菇多糖组饲喂基础饲粮+0.02%香菇多糖。饲喂28 d后,每组选6头猪腹膜注射100μg/kg BW的LPS,剩下的6头则等量注射0.9%生理盐水,4 h后将仔猪麻醉、屠宰,取肌肉样品检测Toll样受体4(TLR4)、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域(NOD)以及丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(Akt)/叉头转录因子(FOXO)信号通路相关基因mRNA表达量。结果显示:1)注射LPS后,仔猪TLR4、骨髓分化因子88(MyD88)、NOD2、受体相互作用丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶2(RIPK2)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)在背最长肌和腓肠肌中的mRNA表达量均显著上调(P0.05),且核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)在腓肠肌中的mRNA表达量显著上调(P0.05)。而添加香菇多糖后,背最长肌中MyD88、TNF-α和腓肠肌中TLR4、RIPK2、NF-κB的mRNA表达量显著上调(P0.05)。2)注射LPS后,仔猪背最长肌和腓肠肌中FOXO1和肌肉环指蛋白1(MuRF1)的mRNA表达量显著上调(P0.05),Akt1的mRNA表达量显著下调(P0.05)。而添加香菇多糖后,腓肠肌中肌萎缩F-box(MAFbx)的mRNA表达量显著下调(P0.05)。以上结果表明,在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加0.02%香菇多糖可能在应激急性期通过进一步激活LPS刺激导致的断奶仔猪肌肉组织中的TLR4和NOD信号通路来加强机体免疫力,同时通过调节Akt/FOXO信号通路相关基因表达来减缓肌肉蛋白质的降解。     

亚麻籽油对脂多糖刺激仔猪肝脏Toll样受体4和核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域信号通路关键基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究亚麻籽油对脂多糖(LPS)刺激仔猪肝脏Toll样受体4(TLR4)和核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域(NOD)信号通路关键基因表达的影响。选取24头断奶仔猪,按体重相近原则随机分为4个组,分别为对照组、LPS组、2.5%亚麻籽油组(2.5%亚麻籽油+LPS)、5.0%亚麻籽油组(5.0%亚麻籽油+LPS),每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,试验期21 d。试验组注射100μg/kg体重的LPS,对照组注射等量的生理盐水。注射LPS或生理盐水4 h后屠宰仔猪,取肝脏,测定TLR4和NOD信号通路关键基因及相关炎性介质的mRNA表达水平。结果表明:1)LPS刺激显著提高了肝脏肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、环氧酶2(COX2)、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)的mRNA相对表达量(P0.05),2.5%亚麻籽油可显著降低COX2、TNF-α的mRNA相对表达量(P0.05),5.0%亚麻籽油可显著降低TNF-α的mRNA相对表达量(P0.05)。2)LPS刺激显著提高了肝脏TLR4、髓样分化因子88(My D88)、白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶1(IRAK1)、NOD1、NOD2、受体互作蛋白2(RIPK2)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)的mRNA相对表达量(P0.05);2.5%亚麻籽油可显著降低NOD1、NOD2的mRNA相对表达量(P0.05),有降低RIPK2 mRNA相对表达量的趋势(0.05≤P0.10);5.0%亚麻籽油可显著降低NOD2的mRNA相对表达量(P0.05)。这表明LPS刺激导致仔猪发生炎症反应,亚麻籽油可能通过抑制NOD信号通路进而缓解肝脏炎症反应。     

脂多糖对仔猪下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴内应激基因和NOD信号通路关键基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究免疫应激对仔猪下丘脑垂体肾上腺(HPA)轴应激基因和核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域(NOD)信号通路关键基因表达的影响。选取12头杜×长×大仔猪,分成2个处理,每个处理6个重复。试验组注射100μg/kg体重的脂多糖(LPS)建立免疫应激模型,对照组注射等量的生理盐水。于注射LPS或生理盐水4 h后屠宰,取下丘脑、垂体和肾上腺。应用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定HPA轴应激基因和NOD信号通路关键基因在HPA轴中的mRNA 表达水平。结果表明:LPS导致下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素、垂体黑素皮质激素肽和肾上腺类固醇合成急性调节蛋白mRNA 表达量显著升高(P0.05);LPS导致HPA轴中NOD信号通路关键基因NOD1、NOD2、受体互作蛋白2和肿瘤坏死因子-α mRNA 表达量显著升高(P0.05)。综上所述,LPS促进了HPA轴应激基因和NOD信号通路关键基因的表达。     

脂多糖刺激对仔猪下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴Toll样受体4信号通路关键基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究脂多糖(LPS)刺激对仔猪下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴Toll样受体4(TLR4)信号通路关键基因表达的影响。选取12头断奶仔猪,分成2个组,每个组6个重复。试验组注射100μg/kg体重的LPS,对照组注射等量的生理盐水。注射LPS或生理盐水4 h后采血,测定血浆中与应激相关激素的含量;采血后屠宰仔猪,取下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺,测定TLR4信号通路关键基因的mRNA表达水平,包括TLR4、髓样分化因子88(My D88)、白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶1(IRAK1)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6(TRAF6)和核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)mRNA表达水平。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)LPS刺激导致血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α、皮质醇和促肾上腺皮质激素含量显著上升(P<0.05)。2)LPS刺激导致TLR4信号通路关键基因TLR4在下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺中mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05);My D88在垂体、肾上腺中mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),在下丘脑中mRNA表达水平有升高的趋势(P<0.10);IRAK1在垂体、肾上腺中mRNA表达水平有升高的趋势(P<0.10);TRAF6在下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺中mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05);NF-κB在垂体中mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05)。试验结果表明LPS刺激激活了HPA轴,诱导了HPA轴的TLR4信号通路关键基因的表达。     

谷氨酸对脂多糖刺激断奶仔猪肝脏及血细胞分类计数的影响

为研究谷氨酸(Glu)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激断奶仔猪肝脏组织及血细胞分类计数的影响,试验选用杜×长×大断奶仔猪24头[平均体重(7.02±0.21)kg],随机分为4组,分别为对照组、LPS组、LPS+1.0%Glu组、LPS+2.0%Glu组,试验期为28 d。在正式试验第28天,试验组腹腔注射100μg/kg体重的LPS,对照组注射等量生理盐水,4 h后采集血样并进行屠宰,取肝脏样品待测。结果表明:LPS刺激导致血细胞分类计数发生显著的变化(P 0.05),同时使肝脏组织中Toll样受体(TLRs)和核苷酸结合寡聚域受体(NOD)信号通路关键基因m RNA表达量显著上调(P 0.05);添加1%或2%Glu可显著缓解LPS刺激导致的白细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜中性粒细胞比例、血小板指数的降低,增加了单核细胞比例(P 0.05);同时1%或2%的Glu也显著降低了肝脏组织NOD信号通路中NOD1、NOD2、受体相互作用蛋白激酶2(RIPK2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的m RNA表达量(P 0.05)。由此可见,LPS刺激激活了肝脏组织炎症信号通路,而添加Glu抑制了炎性细胞因子的产生,进而缓解LPS诱导的仔猪肝脏损伤。     

LPS诱导仔猪腓肠肌相关microRNA在不同时间点的mRNA表达

为研究脂多糖(LPS)刺激后不同时间点断奶仔猪腓肠肌相关microRNA(miRNA)基因的变化规律,试验选取(7.1±0.9)kg杜×长×大断奶仔猪42头,随机分为7个处理组,每个处理6头猪,分别于注射LPS之前(0 h)和注射LPS之后1、2、4、8、12、24 h,屠宰仔猪,取腓肠肌测定相关miRNA的表达。结果表明:与对照组相比,LPS刺激后2 h,miRNA-10b的mRNA表达量显著降低(P<0.01),且于12 h达到峰值;LPS刺激后1 h,miRNA-1和miRNA-206的mRNA表达量均显著降低(P<0.01),但miRNA-133a的mRNA表达量无显著变化(P>0.05)。LPS刺激早期可诱导腓肠肌相关基因miRNA-10b、miRNA-1、miRNA-206的m RNA表达量在不同时间点下调,表明这些miRNA可能参与了肌肉炎症早期相关信号通路的调控。     

脂多糖刺激对仔猪肠道、肝脏和肌肉组织NODs信号通路关键基因及其负调控因子mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究脂多糖(LPS)刺激对仔猪核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域蛋白(NODs)信号通路关键基因及其负调控因子m RNA表达的影响。选取12头杜×长×大断奶仔猪,分成2个处理组,每个处理组6个重复。试验组注射100μg/kg体重的LPS,对照组注射等量的生理盐水。注射LPS或生理盐水4 h后,屠宰仔猪,取空肠、回肠、肝脏、背最长肌和腓肠肌,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定NODs信号通路关键基因及其负调控因子m RNA表达水平,包括NOD1、NOD2、受体相互作用蛋白激酶2(RIPK2)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、矢车菊苷β1(ACAP1)和Erbb2相互作用蛋白(ERBB2IP)m RNA表达水平。结果表明:与对照组相比,LPS刺激显著提高了肝脏NOD1、NOD2、RIPK2、NF-κB和TNF-α,背最长肌NOD2、RIPK2和TNF-α,腓肠肌NOD2、RIPK2、NF-κB和TNF-α,空肠RIPK2和TNF-α的m RNA表达量(P0.05),LPS刺激有提高回肠RIPK2和NF-κB m RNA表达量的趋势(P0.10);同时,LPS刺激显著降低了空肠ACAP1和ERBB2IP,回肠和肝脏ACAP1的m RNA的表达量(P0.05)。这表明,LPS激活仔猪肠道、肝脏和肌肉组织中NODs信号通路关键基因的表达,而抑制其负调控因子ACAP1和ERBB2IP的表达。     

NODs/RIP2信号通路关键基因在断奶仔猪不同组织中的mRNA表达

本试验旨在研究核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域蛋白/受体相互作用蛋白2(NODs/RIP2)信号通路关键基因在断奶仔猪不同组织的分布情况。选择12头杜×长×大断奶仔猪,屠宰,取脾脏、胸腺、肠道淋巴结、下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺、肝脏、腓肠肌、皮下脂肪、空肠和回肠组织。应用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定NODs/RIP2信号通路关键基因,包括NOD1、NOD2和RIP2在各组织的mRNA表达水平。结果表明:NOD1、NOD2和RIP2在所检测的11个组织中均有表达。NOD1 mRNA在肠道淋巴结和下丘脑表达量较高;NOD2 mRNA在肠道淋巴结、脾脏、下丘脑和胸腺表达量较高;RIP2 mRNA在肠道淋巴结、胸腺和脾脏表达量较高。NODs/RIP2信号通路关键基因在不同组织中表达差异较大,可能与仔猪各组织对病原的识别和抵抗能力有关。     

脂多糖刺激后不同时间断奶仔猪空肠上皮细胞铁死亡的变化规律

本试验旨在探究用脂多糖(LPS)刺激后不同时间断奶仔猪空肠上皮细胞发生铁死亡的变化规律。选取体重和遗传基础相近的21日龄杜×长×大断奶仔猪42头,饲喂基础饲粮14 d后,空腹注射LPS,按100μg/kg BW注射LPS后不同时间随机分为7个处理,分别于0、1、2、4、8、12、24 h屠宰取样,测定空肠上皮细胞铁死亡相关基因mRNA表达量以及抗氧化水平。结果表明:在LPS刺激后8 h,空肠上皮细胞铁死亡关键基因膜蛋白转铁蛋白受体1(TFR1)、热休克蛋白B1(HSPB1)、铁反应元件结合蛋白2(IREB2)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)的mRNA表达量最高(P<0.05);在LPS刺激后2 h,胱氨酸/谷氨酸反向转运体亚基(SLC7A11)的mRNA表达量最高(P<0.05);在LPS刺激后8、12、24 h,空肠上皮细胞总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均显著降低(P<0.05);在LPS刺激后8 h,谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量最低(P<0.05)。由此可见,在LPS刺激后8 h,断奶仔猪空肠上皮细胞铁死亡发生程度最为严重。     

甘氨酸对脂多糖应激引起的断奶仔猪肝脏炎症的缓解作用研究

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加甘氨酸(Gly)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激的仔猪血细胞分类计数及肝脏炎症相关通路基因表达的调控作用。本试验选用21日龄、体重(7.17±0.41)kg的24头杜×长×大断奶仔猪,采用完全随机区组试验设计分为4个处理,分别为对照组、LPS组、1%Gly组和2%Gly组,每个处理6个栏,每栏1头猪。在试验第28天,后3个处理组的仔猪均腹膜注射100μg/kg体重的LPS,对照组仔猪注射等量的生理盐水,4 h后对仔猪进行采血和屠宰,采集肝脏样品。结果显示:日粮中添加Gly可以提高仔猪血液中白细胞和血小板数量(P0.05),还可以降低肝脏形态学损伤以及炎症相关通路基因MyD88、NOD1、NOD2以及RIP2的表达量(P0.05)。以上结果表明Gly可以缓解LPS刺激导致的仔猪肝脏炎症。     

复合植物精油对脂多糖诱导的断奶仔猪免疫应激的影响

试验旨在研究复合植物精油（OCT）对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的断奶仔猪的免疫应激的影响。试验选取28日龄左右的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪，随机分成3个处理组：对照组（基础日粮，注射生理盐水），LPS组（基础日粮，注射LPS），OCT组（基础日粮+50 mg/kg OCT，注射LPS）。每组8个重复，每个重复1头猪。于试验第21天注射LPS（100 μg/kg体重）或等体积的生理盐水，注射3 h后前腔静脉采血进行白细胞分类计数；6 h后屠宰，取胸腺、脾脏，-80℃保存，用于测量胸腺、脾脏免疫相关基因白介素-4（IL-4）、白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-10（IL-10）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、核因子（NF-κB）以及转录相关基因转录激活因子3（STAT3）的基因相对表达量。结果表明：①与对照组相比，LPS刺激降低了仔猪血液中白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞及嗜酸性粒细胞数量（P<0.05）；与LPS组相比，日粮中添加OCT提高了白细胞的数量（P<0.05）；②与对照组相比，LPS刺激上调了脾脏、胸腺IL-6、STAT3 mRNA水平（P<0.05），下调了脾脏IL-4、TNF-α及胸腺IL-4、TNF-α、NF-κB mRNA水平（P<0.05）；与LPS组相比，添加OCT下调了脾脏、胸腺IL-6、STAT3 mRNA水平（P<0.05）；上调了胸腺IL-4、IL-10、TNF-α、NF-κB的mRNA水平（P<0.05）。综合上述结果，LPS诱导发生了仔猪免疫应激，OCT在一定程度具有缓解作用。     

香菇多糖对脂多糖刺激的仔猪空肠细胞死亡信号通路相关基因表达的影响

本试验旨在探讨香菇多糖对脂多糖(LPS)刺激的仔猪空肠细胞死亡信号通路相关基因表达的影响。选取24头健康的28日龄“杜×长×大”断奶仔猪,平均体重为(8.12±0.19)kg,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验采用2×2因子设计,主因子分别为饲粮处理(基础饲粮或基础饲粮中添加0.02%的香菇多糖)和免疫应激处理(注射生理盐水或LPS)。试验第28天,免疫应激组仔猪腹膜注射100μg/kg体重(BW)的LPS或生理盐水。注射LPS或生理盐水4 h后,仔猪麻醉屠宰,取空肠样品待测。试验期为28 d。结果表明:1)LPS刺激导致仔猪空肠绒毛萎缩,肠上皮脱落,肠道形态受损;饲粮添加香菇多糖缓解了LPS刺激所导致的肠道形态结构损伤。2)LPS刺激显著提高了空肠程序性坏死信号通路关键基因受体互作蛋白激酶3(RIP3)mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05),显著降低了动力相关蛋白1(Drp1)和混合系列蛋白激酶结构域样蛋白(MLKL)mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05)。饲粮添加香菇多糖显著降低了空肠程序性坏死信号通路关键基因受体互作蛋白激酶1(RIP1)、Fas死亡结构域相关蛋白(FADD)mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05)。3)LPS刺激显著降低了空肠焦亡信号通路关键基因凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、半胱天冬酶(Caspase)⁃1、白细胞介素-18(IL⁃18)以及凋亡信号通路关键基因Caspase⁃9、B淋巴细胞瘤-2相关X蛋白(Bax)mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05),显著提高了空肠焦亡信号通路关键基因核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)、消皮素D(GSDMD)及凋亡信号通路关键基因Caspase⁃8 mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05)。饲粮添加香菇多糖显著降低了空肠焦亡信号通路关键基因NLRP3 mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05)及凋亡信号通路关键基因Caspase⁃9和原癌基因蛋白xl(Bcl⁃xl)mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05)。4)LPS刺激显著降低了空肠自噬信号通路关键基因自噬相关基因12(Atg12)、微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)和Unc⁃51样激酶1(ULK1)mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05)。饲粮添加香菇多糖显著降低了空肠自噬信号通路关键基因Atg12、LC3和ULK1 mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加香菇多糖是通过调控程序性坏死、焦亡和自噬信号通路关键基因,从而维持肠道完整性。     

Expression of Toll-like receptors and downstream genes in lipopolysaccharide-induced porcine alveolar macrophages

The aim of the present study was to determine the age-related kinetic changes of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and downstream genes expression, and secretion of cytokine in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated porcine alveolar macrophages (AM). For this purpose, AMs were isolated from 5-day-old newborn piglets and 120-day-old young pigs. mRNA expression and cytokine measurement was determined by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. First, AMs were incubated for 24 h in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of LPS. Results showed the up-regulation of TLRs 2, 4, 5 and 9 mRNA from all concentrations of LPS used, as compared to non-stimulated cells, and TLR4 was the highest expression in both ages (P<0.05). Furthermore, quantitative analysis demonstrated increased expression of mRNAs encoding TLRs 2, 4, 5 and 9, LBP, CD14, MD2, MyD88, IRAK4 and TRAF6 in both ages in a time-dependant manner (P<0.05). Overall, LPS inducible mRNA for TLR4, LBP, CD14 and MyD88 had higher expression in newborn piglets compared with those of young pigs (P<0.05). The level of cytokine protein IL6 and TNFα in supernatant fluid significantly varied with time of incubation and age of animals. Their concentration increased immediately at 1 h after LPS stimulation and remained significantly higher up to 48 h in both ages. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokine protein IL6 and TNFα in supernatant was significantly higher in young pigs than those of piglets. This study suggests that differential age-related changes in the expression of TLRs and downstream genes, and pro-inflammatory cytokine could contribute to a different age-related innate immune response during pulmonary infection. Further investigation is warranted to determine the precise effects of LPS on porcine AMs by means of a functional study across a wider age range.     

Expression dynamics of Toll-like receptors mRNA and cytokines in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide

The Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 is critical for the recognition of Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) it may cooperate with other TLRs and lead to the production of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we analyzed TLR1-10 mRNA expression in porcine PBMCs stimulated with LPS over time (1-48 h) by using quantitative real-time PCR and cytokine proteins level by ELISA in culture supernatant. TLR1-10 mRNA was detectable in porcine PBMCs. When compared with the control (non-stimulated), TLR1 mRNA were increased (p<0.05) at 3 h after challenge with 1 μg/ml LPS, whereas TLR1 and TLR2 mRNA were increased (p<0.01) at 6 h after challenge with 10 μg/ml LPS. TLR4 increased (p<0.001) at 3h after challenge with LPS and remained constant. TLR5 and TLR6 mRNA increased (p<0.05) at 9 h and 1 h after of LPS stimulation, respectively. The mRNA of CD14 and MD2 were increased (p<0.001) at 1h after LPS stimulation. Additionally, at most of the time analyzed, the mRNA expression increased with the dose of LPS. The LPS concentration had influence (p<0.05) on all the TLRs expression except TLR10; whereas time had effect (p<0.05) on all TLRs expression except TLR2, 3, 6 and 10. When compared to the control, the cytokines IL1b, IL8 and TNFα proteins were increased (p<0.001) immediately at 1 h after LPS stimulation and remained constant till 48 h. IL12b was increased (p<0.001) 12 h after challenge with 10 μg/ml of LPS. Although IL8 level was the highest, the higher (p<0.05) expression of all these inflammatory cytokines indicate that upon interacting with TLRs, LPS exerted inflammatory response in PBMCs through the production of Th1 type cytokines. The production of cytokines was influenced (p<0.001) by both the dose of LPS and the stimulation time. Hence, the porcine PBMCs are likely able to express all members of TLRs.     

草原红牛与天一冈山黑牛背最长肌IGFBP-1、IGFBP-2、IGFBP-3、IG-FBP-4及IGFBP-5基因表达差异

本研究采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测了IGFBP-1、IGFBP-2、IGFBP-3、IGFBP-4及IGFBP-5基因在草原红牛与天一冈山黑牛背最长肌中的表达情况,旨在探求这些基因在草原红牛与天一冈山黑牛背最长肌中的表达规律。结果表明,所有5个基因在草原红牛与天一冈山黑牛背最长肌中均有表达;同时,IGFBP-1基因的mRNA在2种牛背最长肌中的相对表达量存在极显著的差异（P〈0.01）,其在草原红牛中的相对表达量是在天一冈山黑牛中的1.42倍;IGFBP-2基因的mRNA在2种牛背最长肌中的相对表达量存在显著的差异（P〈0.05）,其在草原红牛中的相对表达量是在天一冈山黑牛中的3.55倍;其他3个基因的相对表达量没有显著差异。本研究为深入研究IGFBP-1、IGFBP-2、IGFBP-3、IGFBP-4和IGFBP-5基因的生物学功能、了解这些基因对肉质性状的影响,以及对我国肉牛的改良提供理论依据。     

Dietary dihydroartemisinin supplementation alleviates intestinal inflammatory injury through TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation

The aim of present study was to evaluate whether diets supplemented with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) could alleviate intestinal inflammatory injury in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Twelve normal birth weight (NBW) piglets and 12 piglets with IUGR were fed a basal diet (NBW-CON and IUCR-CON groups), and another 12 piglets with IUGR were fed the basal diet supplemented with DHA at 80 mg/kg (IUGR-DHA group) from 21 to 49 d of age. At 49 d of age, 8 piglets with similar body weight in each group were sacrificed. The jejunal and ileal samples were collected for further analysis. The results showed that IUGR impaired intestinal morphology, increased intestinal inflammatory response, raised enterocyte apoptosis and reduced enterocyte proliferation and activated transmembrane toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Dihydroartemisinin inclusion ameliorated intestinal morphology, indicated by increased villus height, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, villus surface area and decreased villus width of piglets with IUGR (P < 0.05). Compared with NBW piglets, IUGR piglets supplemented with DHA exhibited higher apoptosis index and caspase-3 expression, and lower proliferation index and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the intestine (P < 0.05). Dihydroartemisinin supplementation attenuated the intestinal inflammation of piglets with IUGR, indicated by increased concentrations of intestinal inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides (P < 0.05). In addition, DHA supplementation down-regulated the related mRNA expressions of TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway and upregulated mRNA expressions of negative regulators of TLR4 and NOD signaling pathway in the intestine of piglets with IUGR (P < 0.05). Piglets in the IUGR-DHA group showed lower protein expressions of TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κB (pNF-κB) inhibitor α, nuclear pNF-κB, and higher protein expression of cytoplasmic pNF-κB in the intestine than those in the IUGR-CON group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, DHA supplementation could improve intestinal morphology, regulate enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and alleviate intestinal inflammation through TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway in weaned piglets with IUGR.