维生素E对绵羊原代睾丸间质细胞睾酮合成的影响

本试验旨在研究维生素E对绵羊原代睾丸间质细胞睾酮合成的影响。选择2月龄杜×寒杂交公羔,屠宰后取睾丸组织。分离绵羊睾丸间质细胞,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组3皿,培养基内添加不同浓度维生素E(0、40、80、160μg/m L)。培养结束后,测定培养基上清睾酮含量,将细胞裂解测定睾酮合成相关酶3β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3β-HSD)、17β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(17β-HSD)、胆固醇侧链裂解酶(P450scc)、17α-羟化酶(CYP17)以及睾酮合成相关基因3β-HSD、17β-HSD、P450scc、CYP17、类固醇合成急性调节蛋白(St AR)基因相对表达量。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加40μg/m L维生素E有提高绵羊睾丸间质细胞睾酮分泌量的趋势(P=0.061),添加40μg/m L维生素E能显著提高P450scc和3β-HSD酶含量(P0.05),P450scc m RNA与3β-HSD m RNA相对表达量也显著提高(P0.05)。     

成年大鼠睾丸去精索上神经对睾丸功能及肾上腺素能受体表达的影响

试验旨在研究精索上神经（superior spermatic nerve,SSN）对睾丸功能的影响,25只成年Wistar大鼠随机分为2组,试验组左右睾丸切除精索上神经,手术30 d后两组大鼠同时处死取样分析。结果显示,睾丸去精索上神经不影响睾丸指数的大小但使附睾尾精子数极显著降低（P＜0.01）,平均日增重显著增加（P＜0.05）。增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）免疫组织化学染色结果显示,睾丸去精索上神经不影响曲细精管精原细胞和初级精母细胞的增殖,但影响曲细精管的形态和生殖细胞的规则排列。RT-PCR结果显示,睾丸去精索上神经明显上调β1AR mRNA的表达,下调β2AR mRNA的表达;另外切除精索上神经不影响睾丸3β-羟胆固醇脱氢酶（3β-HSD）mRNA表达,但显著抑制类固醇快速调节蛋白（StAR）、胆固醇侧链裂解酶（P450scc）mRNA表达（P＜0.05）。结果表明,支配睾丸的精索上神经通过调节肾上腺素能受体β1AR和β2AR的表达及StAR和P450scc影响睾丸睾酮的合成和精子的发生。     

睾丸间质细胞线粒体调控睾酮合成的研究进展

睾丸间质细胞(Leydig cells, LCs)的主要功能是合成和分泌睾酮。在睾丸间质细胞内,以胆固醇为原料,位于线粒体外膜上的类固醇合成急性调节蛋白(steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StAR)促进胆固醇向线粒体内膜转运,在线粒体内膜胆固醇侧链裂解酶(cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome, P450scc)的催化下生成孕烯醇酮,而后通过光面内质网的羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3β-HSD)和转运蛋白(translocator protein, TSPO)的共同作用合成睾酮。因此,睾丸间质细胞合成和分泌睾酮与线粒体密切相关,线粒体结构和功能的完整性直接影响睾酮的生物合成,而位于线粒体上的StAR和P450scc是睾酮合成的关键调控因子。睾酮能够促进雄性生殖器官发育成熟并维持其功能,对促进蛋白质合成(如肌肉、骨骼及生殖器官的蛋白质合成)具有重要意义。近年来,通过维持线粒体结构完整性和改善线粒体氧化损伤、线粒体生物发生等功能进而促进睾酮的合...     

脱氢表雄酮对大鼠颗粒细胞激素生成的作用

为了探讨脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)对大鼠原代卵巢颗粒细胞激素生成及相关甾体生成酶的影响,采用机械法分离培养大鼠原代卵巢颗粒细胞,放射免疫分析法检测培养液中雌二醇、孕酮和睾酮的含量;Real-time PCR法检测类固醇代谢途径中3β-羟基固醇脱氢酶(3β-HSD)、17β-羟基固醇脱氢酶(17β-HSD)、CYP450 mRNA的表达变化。结果显示:10μmol/L DHEA处理48 h后可显著促进大鼠原代卵巢颗粒细胞雌二醇(P<0.05)、孕酮(P<0.01)和睾酮的分泌量(P<0.01);显著促进3β-HSD(P<0.01)和17β-HSD(P<0.05)mRNA的表达,CYP450 mRNA表达略有降低,但无统计学意义。说明外源性DHEA处理可能通过调节3β-HSD、17β-HSD和CYP450等相关酶的基因表达,进而影响大鼠原代卵巢颗粒细胞雌激素和雄激素的分泌。     

过表达miR-665对绵羊黄体细胞StAR、3β-HSD和孕酮表达水平的影响

本实验旨在研究过表达miR-665对绵羊黄体细胞类固醇激素调节基因StAR、3β-HSD表达水平以及孕酮（P4）分泌水平的影响。通过miR-665模拟物及阴性对照物与绵羊黄体细胞共转染，设置空白对照组，48h后在不同转染组中分别检测miR-665的表达水平和StAR、3β-HSD的mRNA、蛋白表达水平及P4分泌水平变化。结果表明：与空白对照组和阴性对照组相比，miR-665模拟物组中miR-665的表达量极显著升高；同时，孕酮合成关键基因StAR、3β-HSD的mRNA和蛋白表达量极显著增加，分泌水平极显著升高。综上，过表达miR-665能够促进黄体细胞内StAR、3β-HSD基因表达和P4分泌，其在绵羊黄体内分泌功能调控过程中发挥重要作用。     

猪睾丸中脂联素受体与LHR、CYP11A1、StAR基因表达的发育变化及其相关性研究

旨在了解皖南花猪睾丸组织脂联素受体mRNA与睾酮合成相关因子mRNA表达的发育性变化及其相关性,探讨脂联素与睾酮生成的关系.本研究用荧光实时定量PCR法检测0、30、45、90和180 d等不同日龄(各日龄样本数5头)皖南花猪睾丸组织脂联素受体(AdpR1、AdpR2)和LHR、CYP11A1、StAR mRNA的表达水平.结果,AdpR1、CYP11 A1和StAR mRNA的表达有极显著的发育性变化(P＜0.01),AdpR1 mRNA的表达先增加后降低,45 d达到最大值;CYP11A1和StAR mRNA的表达先升高后降低再升高,45 d达到最大表达量.LHR mRNA的表达也有显著的发育性变化(P＜0.05),整体表现为先升高后降低.AdpR1与CYP11A1 mRNA的表达量显著相关(r=0.587,P＜0.05);LHR与CYP11A1、StAR mRNA的表达量分别显著相关(r=0.528,P＜0.05;r=0.552,P＜0.05);CYP11 A1与StAR mRNA表达量极显著相关(r=0.709,P＜0.01).AdpR1mRNA在睾丸组织的高表达提示脂联素可能通过AdpR1介导对睾丸的调节作用,其发育性变化和CYP11A1 mRNA呈正相关,提示脂联素对睾酮的生成有一定的促进作用.     

高效氯氰菊酯通过ERK1/2影响小鼠睾丸睾酮合成

为了阐明氯氰菊酯（CP）影响睾酮合成的机制,本研究以成年SPF昆白小鼠为试验动物,通过连续7 d灌喂不同浓度的高效氯氰菊酯（β-CP）,采用RT-PCR、Western blot和放射免疫分析技术分析了β-CP对睾丸重量、血浆类固醇水平、类固醇合成酶、StAR蛋白以及ERK1/2活性的影响。结果显示：随着β-CP浓度的增加,小鼠睾丸的重量无明显变化,但小鼠血浆睾酮的水平逐渐降低;P450sccmRNA、3β-HSDmRNA和StAR mRNA的水平则无明显变化,而P450 c17 mRNA的表达明显下降;StAR蛋白的水平也呈下降趋势,但ERK1/2活性则逐渐升高。以上结果表明,β-CP通过激活ERK1/2而级联抑制P450 c 17 mRNA的转录和StAR前体蛋白的裂解,从而降低睾酮的合成。     

GnIH过表达载体构建及其对小鼠睾丸间质细胞的作用研究

本试验通过构建GnIH过表达载体,探究其对小鼠睾丸间质细胞（TM3细胞系）的凋亡效应及睾酮合成的调节作用。从6~8周雄性小鼠睾丸组织中提取RNA,反转录获得cDNA样本,利用PCR扩增并纯化GnIH基因,应用T4连接酶将其连入PLVX-IRES-ZsGreen1载体,进一步转化到感受态菌中,通过PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定后提取质粒。随后将构建好的重组质粒转染TM3细胞系72 h,分为空质粒组和GnIH过表达组,通过显微镜观察细胞荧光、实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）法、ELISA法和流式细胞术检测GnIH表达水平、细胞凋亡率及相关凋亡基因表达变化、睾酮分泌水平和睾酮合成酶基因表达水平。结果显示,GnIH扩增片段序列与参考序列一致,将GnIH过表达质粒转染至TM3细胞系72 h后,可见高强度绿色荧光,过表达组中GnIH基因水平极显著升高（P<0.01）,表明GnIH过表达载体构建成功且在TM3细胞系中高表达。转染72 h后,与空质粒组相比,过表达组中细胞凋亡率极显著升高（P<0.01）,凋亡基因P53和Bax/Bcl-2表达量比值也极显著升高（P<0.01）。与空质粒组相比,过表达组中睾酮浓度极显著降低（P<0.01）。与此同时,睾酮合成相关酶基因P450 scc mRNA表达量极显著降低（P<0.01）,StAR、3β-HSD和P450c17 mRNA表达量显著降低（P<0.05）,17β-HSD mRNA表达量在两组间无显著性差异（P>0.05）。综上所述,在体外培养的TM3细胞中过表达GnIH能诱导TM3细胞凋亡、抑制睾酮分泌且降低睾酮合成相关酶的基因表达水平,推断GnIH在小鼠睾丸间质细胞生长和睾酮合成过程中发挥负调控作用。本研究可为揭示GnIH在雄性哺乳动物生殖调控过程中的作用提供科学理论依据。     

光照对公鸡军丸组织结构和功能的影响

将114只15日龄“伊莎”公鸡随机分为两组(实验组和对用组),每组57只.实验组以151x的照度、9L:3D:5L:7D的间歇光照周期补加光照,使每天的光照时间达14h,对照组仅接受自然光照.结果表明:不同日龄实验组鸡的血浆睾酮含量均略高于相应的对照组;实验组鸡的精液品质高于对照组.各日龄实验组鸡左、右侧睾丸的重量和体积均略大于相应的对照组,精细管管径均显著地大于相应的对照组;150日龄时,实验组鸡精细管管壁厚度显著大于对照组,实验组鸡睾丸内不同发育阶段的生精细胞的数量明显多于对照组,但两组间各发育阶段的生精细胞的超微结构未见差异.     

HCG通过StAR蛋白快速调节睾酮的合成

以2~3周龄长白仔猪睾丸间质细胞为材料研究HCG对睾酮合成的快速调节作用。结果表明:(1)在2h内,对照组间质细胞分泌睾酮的量为(3.25±0.28)ng/mL,而HCG(浓度为50IU/mL)处理组睾酮的浓度为(8.79±0.54)ng/mL,增幅为4.54ng/mL,二者差异极显著(P<0.01);(2)在2h内,对照组细胞内cAMP的浓度为(13.13±1.12)pmol/mL,而处理组cAMP的浓度为(39.22±2.38)pmol/mL,二者之间差异极显著(P<0.01);(3)加入前体物后,胆固醇对照组睾酮浓度为(3.81±0.45)ng/mL,处理组睾酮浓度为(27.13±1.27)ng/mL,处理组睾酮的浓度明显高于对照(P<0.05),其它几种前体对照组与处理组差异不显著(P>0.05)。(4)在2h内,HCG增加了StAR蛋白和mRNA的表达。这表明在快速反应期,HCG通过促进StAR蛋白的表达,增强睾酮的生物合成。     

Avian infectious bronchitis virus: a possible cause of reduced fertility in the rooster

The formation of epididymal stones in the rooster epididymis is a widespread problem that has detrimental effects on sperm production and fertility. The cause of epididymal stones is unknown, but an infectious agent, the avian infectious bronchitis virus (AIBV), has been implicated. The goal of this study was to determine if administering the live attenuated AIBV vaccine to male chicks increases the incidence of stones in the epididymal region of the adult rooster. Specific pathogen free (SPF) Leghorn roosters were divided into two groups: a vaccine-free group (n = 7) and a group vaccinated with AIBV (n = 12). The vaccine was administered orally at 2, 4, 10, and 14 wk of age. Blood was drawn weekly to monitor antibodies to AIBV. At 26 wk of age, blood was obtained to determine testosterone concentrations, and reproductive tracts were removed to analyze daily sperm production and to detect epididymal stones. Nine of 12 vaccinated roosters developed stones, whereas those not given the vaccine did not develop stones. Serum testosterone concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in vaccinated roosters with epididymal stones (3.6 +/- 0.30 ng/ml) when compared with nonvaccinated roosters that did not have epididymal stones (7.0 +/- 1.63 ng/ml). Testis weight was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in vaccinated roosters with epididymal stones (12.1 +/- 0.76 g), as compared with nonvaccinated roosters without epididymal stones (15.2 +/- 0.81 g). Daily sperm production was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in vaccinated roosters with epididymal stones (5.03 +/- 0.31 x 10(8) sperm/testis/day) when compared with nonvaccinated roosters without epididymal stones (7.43 +/- 0.52 x 10(8) sperm/testis/day). Comparing daily sperm production on a per gram basis, vaccinated roosters with epididymal stones had 4.38 +/- 0.14 x 10(7) sperm/g of testis, which was significantly (P < 0.05) smaller than nonvaccinated roosters without epididymal stones, which had 5.17 +/- 0.17 x 10(7) sperm/g of testis. We conclude that the use of a live attenuated AIBV vaccine increases the incidence of epididymal stones in roosters, resulting in decreased sperm production and decreased serum testosterone concentrations.     

Exogenous testosterone modulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha and acute phase protein responses to repeated endotoxin challenge in steers

Clinical responses to some disease agents differ between sexes and this dimorphism has been attributed to the immunomodulating effects of steroid hormones. Our objective was to determine in steers the effect of testosterone on circulating concentrations of immune response mediators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-alpha; serum amyloid-A, SAA; haptoglobin, HG; xanthine oxidase, XO; nitric oxide, NO) after two consecutive endotoxin challenges (LPS1 and LPS2, 5 days apart; 0.25 microg/kg BW). Sixteen crossbred steers (328+/-6 kg) were assigned to control (CON, n=8) or testosterone cypionate treatment (TES, n=8; 100 mg/m2 body surface; i.m. injection 12 and 2 days before LPS1). The response to LPS was calculated as area under the timexconcentration curve (AUC) for the parameter measured. After LPS1, TNF-alpha AUC was greater in TES than CON (P<0.05). Plasma HG and SAA concentrations increased (P<0.01) after LPS1 and LPS2. In all steers SAA AUC was greater after LPS1 than LPS2 (P<0.01) but the response was augmented over CON with testosterone treatment (P<0.05). HG response to LPS1 within 24 h was not affected by testosterone. However, 5 days after LPS1 mean plasma HG concentration remained higher in TES than CON (P<0.01). HG response to LPS2 was greater in TES than CON (P<0.01). Plasma nitrate+nitrite concentration (NO production marker) and XO activity increased after each LPS challenge but responses were not affected by testosterone treatment. Results indicate that the presence of circulating testosterone increases the magnitude of the TNF-alpha response to LPS challenge as well as the subsequent increases in acute phase proteins (APP). Effects of testosterone on increases in TNF-alpha and APP may underlie a differential presentation of disease symptoms between sexes or between steers and bulls. The data also suggest a role for testosterone in the development of tolerance to repeated immune challenge through its effect on the increased magnitude and duration of HG response.     

外源褪黑素对鹿茸软骨细胞生长发育的影响

试验旨在探讨褪黑素对体外培养的鹿茸软骨细胞增殖、周期及凋亡的影响。利用甲苯胺蓝、茜素红S、阿利新蓝染色鉴定软骨细胞,采用外源添加褪黑素的方法,用不同浓度（0、400、800、1 200、1 600和2 000 pg/mL）、不同时间（24、48和72 h）处理鹿茸软骨细胞,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖。选取800 pg/mL褪黑素处理软骨细胞24 h,利用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的分布及细胞凋亡情况,采用ELISA试剂盒检测细胞培养液中睾酮含量。结果显示,经不同浓度的褪黑素处理鹿茸软骨细胞不同时间后,800 pg/mL褪黑素处理鹿茸软骨细胞24 h细胞活力极显著增加（P<0.01）。软骨细胞经褪黑素处理后,与对照组相比,褪黑素处理组细胞G1期比例显著降低（P<0.05）;G2期比例极显著增加（P<0.01）,细胞被阻滞在G2期;褪黑素处理组细胞早期凋亡率无显著变化（P>0.05）,晚期凋亡率显著下降（P<0.05）;ELISA检测睾酮分泌水平均显著上升（P<0.05）。综上,外源添加800 pg/mL褪黑素可以促进鹿茸软骨细胞的增殖,抑制软骨细胞的晚期凋亡,促进睾酮的分泌;以上结果可为阐明褪黑素参与鹿茸生长发育机制提供参考。     

L-精氨酸对热处理MLTC-1细胞氧化、凋亡及睾酮合成相关基因表达的影响

试验旨在研究热处理对睾丸间质细胞的影响及L-精氨酸对热处理睾丸间质细胞抗氧化、抗凋亡及睾酮合成相关基因表达的影响.试验选用小鼠睾丸间质瘤细胞系(MLTC-1)细胞,将细胞分为4组,分别为对照组(C)、热处理组(HT)、5 μg/mL L-精氨酸+热处理组(5H)和10μg/mL L-精氨酸+热处理组(10H),处理结束...     

Detecting reproductive system abnormalities of broiler breeder roosters at different ages

The objective of this study was to detect the reasons of rooster's fertility decrease at 50 weeks of age. Therefore, the reproductive system of broiler breeder roosters was laparoscopic, macroscopic and histopathology evaluated, and a comparison of the anatomical aspect with the sperm analysis and birds’ age was realized. Cobb roosters (n = 59) were distributed into two groups (30 and 50 weeks). Evaluations were performed with laparoscopy, macroscopy and histopathology, and seminal quality, blood serum testosterone concentration and weight were also determined. The old roosters presented smaller testicle size, higher intensity epididymal lithiasis and lower testicle sperm production, compared to the young roosters. The use of the endoscope could easily distinguish a normal‐sized testicle than an atrophic one. Four old roosters with severe testicular atrophy did not show spermatogenesis, although three still had sperm in the ejaculate. This would falsely indicate a wrong diagnosis of normal fertility before the testicular atrophy took place. In conclusion, in addition to the weight increase with age, the testicular atrophy and impairment of sperm production seemed to be the main reason to the decrease in the rooster's fertility at 50 weeks of age. Therefore, the use of the laparoscopy as a way to detect the roosters with testicular atrophy before 50 weeks of age and their removal from them flock could be useful as a diagnostic tool to prevent the birds’ fertility loss.     

不同蛋白质水平饲料原料对鸡内源能排泄量的影响

用 2 4只 40 0日龄海兰褐父母代种公鸡来研究鸡强饲不同蛋白质水平的饲料原料玉米、豆粕和鱼粉对内源能排泄量测定值的影响。结果表明 :强饲后 ,豆粕组和鱼粉组每只鸡内源能排泄量 (EEL)极显著高于玉米组 (P <0 0 1) ,鱼粉组显著高于豆粕组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,内源能排泄量用每千克体重表示后 ,各处理组间的差异情况不变 ;豆粕组和鱼粉组每只鸡内源氮损失量 (ENL)极显著高于玉米组 (P <0 0 1) ,鱼粉组显著高于豆粕组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;当内源能用氮校正后 ,各处理间的差异均不显著 (P >0 1) ,鸡每千克体重排出的EELn,各组间差异也不显著 (P >0 1)。     

GnIH基因克隆、表达及对幼龄公兔生殖激素的影响

旨在获得兔促性腺激素抑制素(gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone,GnIH)基因，检测其在不同组织和不同发育阶段下丘脑中的表达水平，研究其对幼龄公兔生殖激素分泌的影响。本研究以90日龄健康闽西南黑兔公兔为研究对象，采用RACE技术(rapid-amplification of cDNA ends)从下丘脑组织中克隆出GnIH基因，并对序列进行生物信息学分析；采用实时荧光定量PCR方法(real-time quantitative PCR,qPCR)检测GnIH基因mRNA在90日龄公兔不同组织表达水平(n=5)及11、30、60、90、120、150日龄公兔下丘脑中的表达水平(n=6);连续10 d向80日龄公兔分别注射0、0.5、5和50μg鹌鹑GnIH相关肽(n=10)。第11天早上采集耳静脉血液后，屠宰公兔，采集睾丸组织，分别检测血清中生殖激素浓度(GnRH、FSH、LH、INHB和T)和睾丸组织中睾酮合成相关酶基因(StarR、3β-HSD和p450scc)mRNA的表达水平。结果表明，兔GnIH基因cDNA全长904 bp,包含5′UTR 41 bp...     

白藜芦醇通过激活去乙酰化酶1/腺苷一磷酸激活的蛋白激酶信号通路影响牛脂肪细胞凋亡

本试验旨在研究植物提取物白藜芦醇(RES)对牛皮下脂肪细胞凋亡率以及去乙酰化酶1(SIRT1)/腺苷一磷酸激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路关键因子的mRNA和蛋白质表达量的影响。选取18月龄鲁西黄牛的皮下前体脂肪细胞,在细胞分化的第0天,更换为RES浓度分别为0(对照)、100、200和400μmol/L的培养液处理48 h,每组设3个重复。应用Hoechst33342染色检测细胞凋亡的形态学变化,流式细胞分析仪检测细胞凋亡率,荧光定量PCR(q PCR)和免疫印迹试验(Western-blot)分别检测SIRT1/AMPK信号通路上的关键因子SIRT1、A MPKα、叉头转录因子1(Fox O1)、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)、促凋亡蛋白Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)的mRNA和蛋白质表达量,并利用油红O染色鉴定脂肪细胞。结果表明,与对照组相比:不同浓度RES处理后的牛皮下脂肪细胞凋亡率均极显著增高(P0.01);不同浓度RES处理后的SIRT1、AMPKα、caspase-3、Bax的mRNA表达量均显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01),Bcl-2的mRNA表达量极显著降低(P0.01);不同浓度RES处理后的SIRT1、AMPKα、caspase-3的蛋白质表达量均显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01);200和400μmol/L RES处理后,Fox O1的mRNA和蛋白质表达量显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01),Bax的蛋白质表达量极显著提高(P0.01),Bcl-2的蛋白质表达量极显著降低(P0.01)。100μmol/L RES处理后时,Fox O1的mRNA和蛋白质表达量以及Bcl-2、Bax的蛋白质表达量均与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,RES通过激活SIRT1/AM PK信号通路,同时激活通路下游的Fox O1,促进了牛皮下脂肪细胞的凋亡,为通过营养调控技术降低牛皮下脂肪沉积提供了一定的理论基础。