日光温室厚皮甜瓜叶片发育进程中生理生化指标的变化

以日光温室栽培的伊丽莎白厚皮甜瓜为试材,探讨了其叶片发育进程中的生理生化指标变化。结果表明,叶龄21d以前,叶片生理功能逐步健全,可溶性蛋白质(Pr)和叶绿素(Chl)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、光合速率(Pn)不断升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性上升缓慢;叶龄21~35d为叶片生理功能缓衰期,各项指标变化相对迟缓;叶龄35~49d为叶片生理功能急衰期,可溶性Pr、Chl含量和Pn迅速下降,MDA含量和POD活性快速升高,SOD、CAT活性急剧下降;叶龄49d以后为叶片衰亡期,生理功能逐渐丧失。     

NaCl胁迫对甜瓜幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化和渗透调节物质的影响

研究了厚皮甜瓜黄河蜜和薄皮甜瓜白沙蜜在NaCl胁迫下甜瓜幼苗叶片相对膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)和保护酶SOD、CAT、POD活性及脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明,随盐浓度的增加和时间的延长,甜瓜叶片细胞膜相对透性、MDA含量、脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量逐渐增大。叶片SOD、POD和CAT酶活性对NaCl胁迫的响应具有浓度和时间依赖性。NaCl对黄河蜜叶片膜系统的伤害小于对白沙蜜的伤害。渗透调节是甜瓜在盐胁迫下的适应性表现。     

盆栽铁皮石斛生长和抗氧化生理特性动态研究

以铁皮石斛组培苗为试材,以松树皮和桑杆为基质,采用盆栽方式种植铁皮石斛组培苗,研究盆栽对铁皮石斛组培苗生长的影响及其不同生长阶段抗氧化生理特性的变化。结果表明:2种不同基质盆栽铁皮石斛组培苗在不同生长阶段叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和脯氨酸含量均显著高于移栽前,丙二醛(MDA)含量稍高于移栽前,叶绿素含量较移栽前的低,且2种不同基质的铁皮石斛叶片POD、SOD、CAT活性差异明显,脯氨酸含量、MDA含量和叶绿素含量差异不明显;2种不同基质盆栽铁皮石斛组培苗成活率都达90%以上,且移栽后长势好,移栽后2年株高分别为56.18、61.42cm,与大棚苗床栽培的效果比较接近。     

油桃果实成熟过程中脂质过氧化相关酶活性变化研究

以油桃品种"华光"为试材,研究果实在成熟过程中相关指标的变化.测定了过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、脂氧合酶(LOX)的活性以及过氧化氢(H2O2)、可溶性固形物(TSS)和淀粉的含量,并对果实中的H2O2积累与酶活性的关系进行了分析.结果显示,在果实生长成热期间,脂氧合酶(LOX)的活性和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量持续升高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)的活性前期升高,后期下降,可溶性固形物含量持续上升,淀粉含量前期上升,后期下降.这表明,脂氧合酶(LOX)的活性迅速上升可能启动了油桃果实从成热过程转向衰老过程.     

没食子酸丙酯处理对薄皮甜瓜采后储藏保鲜的影响

以湖北省新洲区当地薄皮甜瓜为试材,采用不同浓度没食子酸丙酯(n-propyl gallate,nPG)处理薄皮甜瓜,研究其采后生理变化和保鲜效果。结果表明:0.25、0.50、1.00mmol/L nPG处理均具有较好的保鲜效果,其中0.50mmol/L nPG处理效果最好。0.50mmol/L nPG处理后,甜瓜果实货架期延长,果实腐烂率减少,并能有效保持果实储藏期间较高的含水量以及可溶性糖、可滴定酸和维生素C含量。此外,与对照组甜瓜相比,nPG处理可明显减轻甜瓜果实的氧化损伤,电导率和MDA含量明显低于对照。nPG处理还能有效抑制甜瓜在储藏期间H2O2含量积累,抗氧化酶类CAT、SOD和POD活性均维持在较高水平。综上,nPG对甜瓜采后储藏保鲜具有较好的效果,是一种潜在的保鲜剂,该研究结果对于其它呼吸跃变型果实的储藏保鲜具有重要的参考价值。     

模拟酸雨胁迫对罗汉果幼苗生理特性的影响

以罗汉果幼苗为材料,研究不同强度酸雨(pH值分别为2.5、3.5、4.5、5.6)及对照(蒸馏水,pH值6.8)对罗汉果幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明,模拟酸雨处理罗汉果幼苗中MDA含量随pH值的降低而升高,叶绿素含量、CAT活性显著降低。当pH值大于4.5时,幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白含量随pH值的增大而显著增加,POD和SOD活性随pH值增大而降低;当pH值小于4.5时,可溶性蛋白含量、POD和SOD活性随pH值的减小显著降低。当pH值等于4.5时,罗汉果幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白含量最高,POD和SOD活性最强。CAT、POD、SOD活性与MDA含量呈极显著负相关,可溶性蛋白与这3种酶呈极显著正相关,叶绿素含量与POD、SOD活性呈极显著正相关。综上所述,中度及以上强度酸雨胁迫会对罗汉果幼苗生理活动产生显著不利影响。     

文冠果幼苗对低温胁迫的适应性生理响应

以A099文冠果30 d实生苗为试材,采用对比试验的方法,在持续4℃低温条件下,研究相对电导率(REC)、丙二醛含量(MDA)、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性7个生理指标在不同处理时间(0、4、12、24、48 h)的变化趋势,旨在探讨文冠果幼苗在低温胁迫下的生理响应,以期评价文冠果幼苗抗低温胁迫的能力。结果表明:不同持续胁迫时间均对文冠果幼苗外观形态有显著的影响;在持续4℃低温胁迫下,文冠果幼苗的REC及MDA含量均在前期呈持续上升,后期呈缓慢下降的趋势;可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量呈现上升趋势,POD、CAT活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势,SOD活性呈先下降后上升的趋势,且多个指标之间存在相关性;主成分分析表明,7个主要生理指标累计贡献率达到90.715%,可以被归纳为2个独立综合指标;根据隶属函数分析法得到文冠果幼苗抵御低温胁迫能力由高到低依次为0 h48 h24 h12 h4 h。说明文冠果幼苗尚可通过自身的调节抵御外界低温变化。     

叶子花衰老过程中抗氧化酶、乙烯生成速率和多胺含量的变化

 研究叶子花和毛叶子花在开花后苞叶中可溶性蛋白质、氨基酸、丙二醛(MDA) 含量, 超氧阴离子(O·2 ) 产生速率, 超氧化物歧化酶( SOD) 、过氧化氢酶(CAT) 、过氧化物酶( POD) 活性, 乙烯生成速率和多胺含量的变化。结果表明, 随花的开放和衰老, 苞叶中的可溶性蛋白质和多胺含量及SOD、CAT、POD活性先升后降, 氨基酸含量持续增加, 末期下降, O·2 产生速率和MDA含量逐渐升高, 乙烯生成速率呈跃变型变化特征。两种叶子花苞叶的衰老过程基本一致。     

黑莓果实发育过程中抗氧化系统变化规律研究

以生产上表现优异的‘Arapaho’黑莓品种为试材,在花后3d至成熟过程中对果实细胞中抗氧化系统的动态变化进行了观察测定。结果表明:黑莓果实发育过程中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化表现为先升后降的趋势,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性变化呈下降趋势;抗坏血酸(AsA)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量呈下降趋势,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和超氧阴离子自由基(O·2)产生速率呈先升后降的趋势,丙二醛(MDA)含量变化趋势并不明显。抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT和抗氧化物质AsA、GSH、Pro协同作用,使得果实一直处于活性氧产生和清除的平衡状态,从而保证了果实能够正常发育到完全成熟。     

持续低温胁迫下大花蕙兰不同组织器官耐寒响应

采用自然降温处理,分别测定了大花蕙兰地上部分和地下部分中丙二醛(MDA)含量、膜透性(CMP)、可溶性蛋白质(SP)含量、可溶性糖(SS)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等与耐寒性有关的生理指标,比较地上部分和地下部分耐寒差异性,研究低温胁迫对大花蕙兰组培苗生理特性的影响。结果表明:POD活性、可溶性蛋白质含量和可溶性糖含量在反映大花蕙兰组培苗耐寒性方面作用明显,可作为其耐寒性鉴定指标;地上部分和地下部分在耐寒性提高时表现出不一致性,后者比前者表现出更强的耐寒性能。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。