The effect of feeding corn silage juices on selected indicators of metabolism in dairy cows given feed containing various proportions of silage and hay

In farm production conditions two comparative trials lasting 58 and 128 days were carried out. Acidogenic exposure to acids of silage juices, silage and haylage (lactic acid, acetic and butyric acids) in feed ration ranged from 0.33 to 2.85 mol per 100 kg live weight. It was proved that it was possible to include 9 to 10 litres of silage juices in feed ration under the condition that the total daily intake would not exceed 1.94 mol of acids per 100 kg live weight. This supplement of silage juices increased milk production. Higher amount of acid (2.65 and 2.85 mol) resulted in acidogenic and ketogenic type of silage juice enriched feed ration, which caused a more rapid decrease of lactation curve in dairy cows fed this feed ration than in those in the control group.     

全株青贮玉米对西门塔尔杂交牛生产性能、表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响

选择体重350 kg左右健康的西门塔尔杂交公牛45头随机分为3组,分别饲喂3种不同日粮,其中试验Ⅰ组(精料+玉米秸秆黄贮)、试验Ⅱ组(精料+全株青贮玉米)和试验Ⅲ组(精料+添加剂全株青贮玉米),试验期140 d。结果表明,试验Ⅲ组的日增重极显著地高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01)和试验Ⅱ组(P<0.01),分别比试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组高出90.35%、24.00%。试验Ⅰ组干物质采食量极显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.01)和Ⅲ组(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组的干物质采食量无显著差异。试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅱ组料重比极显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅱ组的粗蛋白的表观消化率显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组粗蛋白表观消化率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01);中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率Ⅲ组显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。肉牛血清中游离脂肪酸、瘦素的含量试验Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。肉牛血清中胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ浓度试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅲ组差异显著(P<0.05)。试验Ⅲ组的头均日收益比试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组分别高22.21和9.27元。综上所述,添加剂全株青贮玉米的育肥效果和经济效益最好。     

The effect of exogenous proteases on selected hematological and serum biochemical parameters in boars

The increasing interest in enzymatic growth promoters prompted this investigation of the effect of an enzymatic stimulating complex on selected hematological and serum biochemical parameters in boars. The enzymatic complex [five proteases (proteinases-endopeptidases) and two peptidases (exopeptidases) obtained by fermentation from Streptomyces fradiae] was added to diets for three months, at initial doses of 90 (group E1) and 120 (group E2) g/ton feed for the first seven days followed by 40 and 60 g/ton, respectively, in the subsequent weeks. The evaluation was based on selected hematological (RBC, WBC, HCT (Ht), HGB (Hb), MCV, MCH, and MCHC) and biochemical (AST, ALT, AP, Ca, Mg, urea, cholesterol, creatinine, inorganic phosphorus, and oxyglucose) parameters determined before and after the experimental period. The reported values were within physiological norms. Statistical differences were found between experimental groups with respect to WBC, HCT (Ht), MCV, MCH, AP, Ca, Mg, creatinine, and inorganic phosphorus. The study results indicate that the complex of proteolytic enzymes administered to boars caused no negative changes in their metabolic profiles. The statistically different hematological and serum biochemical parameters, while within normal limits, point to an early stage of microcytic anemia and heightened agitation that could be the result of intensified nitrogen metabolism.     

Body weight and selected hematologic and biochemical parameters in calves fed various diets during milk feeding]

The objective of the present paper was to obtain haematological and biochemical parameters of calves during their milk feeding. Another goal was to compare a current feed ration containing the commercial feed mixture Biosan with two alternative rations comprising skimmed milk and fat supplement. The effect of milk drink acidification and the effect of the physical form of fat added to skimmed milk were investigated. the calves were divided into six groups, by 6 to 8 calves each (P1-Biosan, PP1-acid variant, P2-skimmed milk+fat concentrate powder KMKS, PP2-acid variant, P3-skimmed milk+fat paste, PP3-acid variant). The highest average daily liveweight gains were recorded in calves fed on unacidified skimmed milk with fat paste supplement (1.074 kg)-Tab. I. The highest average daily liveweight gains were observed in calves fed on fat paste enriched milk drink (P3) while the calves administered milk with fat concentrate powder (P2) had only slightly higher average daily weight gains than the calves on Biosan diet (group P1). The growth of daily weight gains as a result of diets containing acidified milk (PP1 and PP2) is also a positive finding; this growth is even statistically significant in the former case (P < 0.05). The calves showed hypohaemoglobinaemia from the beginning of the experiment (51.3-69.0 g/l) and the low haematocrit value (0.29-0.43 l/l), Tab. II, while the plasma iron level was paradoxically high (Tab. V).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The effect of biotechnological treatment of milk-replacer feeding mixtures on hematologic and biochemical parameters and its utilization in calves

A trial was performed with cellulase administration (3 cx per g of ingested feed dry matter) to early weaned calves fed minimum amounts of milk replacer (21 kg per milk nutrition period) and sweet (C, D) and sour (A, B) diets. The groups B and D were supplemented with an enzyme till the age of 90 days. The calves were given free choice of COT concentrate mixture, hay and water. Liveweight gains, feed and nutrient intake and health condition of calves were the characteristics investigated in this trial. Hematocrit value, hemoglobin, glucose and urea contents were determined in blood, in blood plasma buffer capacity was investigated. Although the differences in calf performance are not statistically significant, the best growth of calves in the vegetable nutrition period was observed in calves in group D. Nutrient conversion was also higher in calves of group D in the vegetable nutrition period. In conversion of nutrient consumption per 1 kg liveweight gain the difference in the intake of digestible crude protein and starch units between the group of calves fed sweet milk without enzyme addition in the milk nutrient period (A--digestible crude protein 0.40 +/- 0.005; starch units 1.74 +/- 0.008) and group D (sour diet + 3 cx cellulase--digestible crude protein 0.34 +/- 0.007; starch units 1.52 +/- 0.044) was statistically significant (P less than 0.025 and P less than 0.05) in favour of group D. An analysis of the results of hematological and biochemical investigations during the trial demonstrates that the sour diet is better in view of changes in glucose concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The effect of monensin on performance and selected biochemical and hematological parameters in the blood of calves]

The aim of this study was to find out the influence of monensin, a ionophore antibiotic, on calf performance and selected physiological parameters. Monensin is a product of Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It has effects on all Gram-negative microbes, such as Escherichia coli, salmonellas, pseudomonads and vibria. It has a small effect on Gram-positive microbes. At the beginning of the experiment eight young crossbred bulls (C x N) at the age of three weeks were weighted and divided into two groups, experimental and control ones. Calves were kept in individual boxes and fed acidified whole milk (2 ml of 85% formic acid per 1 litre of milk). They had a free access to concentrates (COT), hay and drinking water. The calves received 3 lt. of whole milk twice a day until the age of eight weeks. 0.5 mg of monensin per 1 kg live weight were served orally to calves of the experimental group every day. Monensin was made by the Spofa Corporation, Prague. Daily intake of feed was recorded and the calves were weighted once a week. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein before the beginning of the experiment, and in the period from the fifth to the tenth week of age, always before morning feeding. The average daily live weight gain was 0.452 kg and 0.471 kg for the control and experimental group, respectively, during the milk feeding period, the index being 104.2 (Tab. I). Tab. II shows the average feed intake per 1 kg live weight gain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The effect of humic-fatty acid preparation on selected haematological and biochemical serum parameters of growing rabbits

In this study, we assessed the effect of a humic-fatty acid preparation (HFA) used in rabbit feed on certain haematological and biochemical serum parameters (the lipid profile and the Ca, P and Fe contents). A higher RBC, HGB and HCT values were observed in the groups that were given HFA. An increase in Fe concentrations were also noted. The total and LDL cholesterol were lower in the groups which received HFA than in the control group.     

Effects of ammoniated pearl millet silage on intake,feeding behavior,and blood metabolites in feedlot lambs

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of urea as an additive in the ensiling of pearl millet on the intake, feeding behavior, and metabolic...     

The effect of feeding rations with different ratios of concentrate to alfalfa hay on blood hematological and biochemical parameters of farmed ostriches (Struthio camelus)

A two-month trial was conducted to investigate the effects of pelleting rations with 70:30, 65:35, and 60:40 concentrate to high-quality roughage (alfalfa hay) ratios on hematological and biochemical parameters of ostriches. A total of 18 seven-month-old male ostrich chicks, initially weighing an average of 60–70 kg, were distributed into three different outdoor paddocks at a stocking density of six birds per paddock. In the morning, blood collection was made from the wing vein after about 12 h of fasting. All rations resulted in no significant change in hematological parameters. However, with increasing alfalfa inclusion rate, the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio tended to be lower (P?=?0.089); whereas the values of hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) tended to be higher (P values 0.069, 0.072 and 0.094, respectively). In terms of plasma biochemical parameters, increasing the ratio of concentrate to alfalfa hay in ostrich diets resulted in significant (P?<?0.05) depression in the values of glucose (up to 20.2 %), total cholesterol (up to 19.2 %), creatine kinase (up to 27.9 %), and aspartate aminotransferase (up to 29.9 %). Additionally, the 65:35 or 60:40 rations caused a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (27.9 and 42 %, respectively; P?=?0.008) compared to the 70:40 ration. Without exception, no rations affected the values of leukocyte subsets, total protein, albumin, globulin, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low density lipoprotein. Based on our results, the concentrate to alfalfa ratio of 60:40 could be suggested as optimum ratio for good health conditions of juvenile ostriches.     

The effect of feeding whole cottonseed on the fertility of bulls

SUMMARY 23 bulls were fed whole cotton seed (WCS) for 9 months, which resulted in the ingestion of 7.6 to 19.8 g free gossypol per head daily, or 20.4 to 50.8 mg per kg body weight daily. This level of free gossypol ingestion exceeded that of previous studies of a shorter duration in which gossypol was deemed to have affected bull fertility. There was no significant difference between treated and untreated bulls for total spermatozoal abnormalities, secondary spermatozoal abnormalities, scrotal circumference, scrotal circumference per kg body weight, percentage passing the Society for Theriogenology examination for breeding soundness, and mean breeding soundness examination score. There was a higher proportion of primary spermatozoal abnormalities in untreated than in WCS-fed bulls (P = 0.05). Of the bulls that were prepuberal at the onset of the trial (n = 9), the mean age of onset of puberty was not significantly different in the WCS group than in the untreated group, but it approached significance (P = 0.05). There was no significant difference in the scrotal circumference at the onset of puberty between the two groups. Analysis of the bulls' drinking water showed they could have ingested sufficient minerals in the water to bind with the free gossypol ingested, thereby detoxifying it. This may also explain why the results of previous trials have been so variable.     

Reference ranges for hematologic and serum biochemical values in llamas (Lama glama)

Hematologic and serum biochemical values were determined in 174 llamas of all age groups and both sexes from ranches in California and Nevada. Compared with hematologic values for horses and cattle, llama erythrocytes were more numerous (10.1 to 17.3 x 10(6)/microliters), but the PCV was lower (25 to 45%) because the smaller elliptical cells pack tighter. The mean corpuscular volume was half that of horses and cattle (22 to 29.5 fl). The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was higher (38.9 to 46.2 g/dl), and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin slightly lower (9.6 to 12.6 pg). Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle and horses, with the exception of triiodothyronine (48 to 468 ng/dl) and thyroxin (9.8 to 30 micrograms/dl), which are up to 10 times higher than values for other domestic species.     

Effect of cyclophosphamide on selected hematologic parameters of the turkey

The effect of three daily cyclophosphamide (CY) injections (doses of 0-100 mg/kg.day) on selected hematologic parameters in 7-to-8-week-old female Nicholas turkeys was examined. CY induced significant leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and heteropenia 24 to 72 hours after the initial injection; time depended on cell type and dose of CY. Significant linear correlation between increasing CY dose and increasing severity of circulating cell depression occurred. CY had no significant effect on circulating numbers of monocytes, packed cell volume, or plasma protein. Changes in basophils and eosinophils could not be identified because of their low numbers.     

饲喂IgG对仔猪血液生化指标和生产性能的影响

试验分两批选用 12 0 ,6 0头大白仔猪 ,出生 2 4h之内饲喂不同剂量的免疫球蛋白制剂 0 ,4 80 ,96 0mg ,均吮食初乳。于仔猪 5 ,10 ,15日龄前腔静脉采血 ,测定血清总蛋白、血清IgG、血清碱性磷酸酶和血红蛋白含量 ,并测定仔猪断奶时增重 ,哺乳前、后期平均日增重。结果表明 :饲喂不同水平的IgG ,仔猪 5 ,10日龄血清总蛋白、血清碱性磷酸酶活性和血红蛋白含量均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。饲喂高水平IgG(96 0mg)的仔猪 ,5日龄血清IgG水平显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。哺乳前期 (0～ 15日龄 )各处理组仔猪平均日增重显著高对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,断奶时增重也显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。     

Effect of silage chop length on feed intake and feeding behaviour of finishing feedlot steers

This study determined the effects of silage chop length (20?mm; long or 10?mm; short) and diurnal time on feeding behaviour of 80 feedlots steers. Feed intake and feeding behaviour of each steer in each pen were measured continuously from 0:00 to 12:00?h (AM) and from 12:00 to 24:00?h (PM). Chop length had no effect on feed intake or the growth performance of steers, but longer chop length increased the duration of feeding and reduced the rate of intake. Head down time and head down time per feeding activities were greater during the PM than AM. There was a chop length?×?diurnal time interaction for feeding frequency with the number of bunk visits being greater in the PM than AM for both diets. Feeding activities were 50% higher during the PM than AM when steers were fed either long- or short-chopped silage diets twice daily.     

Effects of ketamine hydrochloride on serum biochemical and hematologic variables in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Serum biochemical and hematologic values were obtained from Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) before and 15 minutes after intramuscular injection with ketamine hydrochloride (5-10 mg/kg). A 345% increase in serum creatine kinase activity 15 minutes after ketamine administration was attributed to muscle damage caused by the injection. Decreases in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, and the serum concentrations of glucose, total protein, albumin, and other serum analytes were all attributed to the reversal (by ketamine) of the excitement or "alarm reaction" associated with physical restraint. The decrease in circulating erythrocytes and lymphocytes indicated a redistribution of these cells from the circulating blood to the spleen and extravascular sites, respectively. Decreases in concentrations of total protein, albumin, and several other serum analytes suggested an influx of fluid into the vascular space. The decrease in glucose may also reflect the reversal of an epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia in the excited awake monkey. These alterations should be considered when designing studies and interpreting data for Rhesus monkeys.     

The effect of a light regimen on the dynamics of biochemical indicators in the blood, serum and urine of heifers during 1 day

Circadian dynamics of 38 biochemical parameters of the blood, serum and urine of heifers was studied under the natural light conditions of a light (160-180 lux) and dark (10-40 lux) small cow house. In each house, eight parameters were subject to a significant influence during the day, six of them being the same in both houses: calcium, chlorides, urea and thyroxine of blood serum, glucose and haematocrit in the blood of heifers. The comparison of parameters in different groups showed that different light regimes exerted a significant influence on calcium, chlorides, total protein, cholesterol, vitamin A and thyroxine in serum, haematocrit and leucocyte count in blood, and sodium and urea in the urine of heifers. The effect of feeding regime on the dynamics of parameters was tested by the calculation of the percentual fluctuation of their average values in heifer blood and serum before feeding (samples taken at 6.30 hrs) and after feeding (sampled at 10 hrs). In the light house, six parameters were judged to be less stable and one unstable (urea in serum). In the dark house six parameters were less stable and four unstable (calcium, urea, copper and thyroxine in serum).     

The effect of extreme temperatures on hematologic and biochemical indicators in heifers

The study was aimed at finding the effect of low and high temperatures on some biochemical parameters in heifers. Thirty half-sister heifers were used as the experimental material. The animals were divided into two groups. The experimental group including 16 heifers was kept loose on deep litter in an open barn with no thermal insulation. The control heifers (n = 14) were kept in a thermally insulated house. Blood was collected at extreme temperatures: above 30 degrees C and below -5 degrees C. An insignificant decrease of haemoglobin and haematocrit was recorded in the blood collected at low and high temperatures from the heifers kept in the open barn; a reduction of cholesterolaemia and total lipaemia was recorded at high temperatures. High and low temperatures significantly increased the concentration of free amino acids; the differences between the experimental and control group being from 36 to 76 mumol per litre. The content of 3.5-cyclic adenosine monophosphate was increased insignificantly at extreme temperatures. Hyperglycaemia was recorded in the heifers at high temperatures and at the beginning of the winter season. At low temperatures the concentration of thyroxine was found to be increased in the blood of the experimental animals: 120 nmol per litre and 161 nmol per litre vs. 95 nmol and 116 nmol in the control group.