设施农业雨水资源自压利用系统研究

设施农业阻断了雨水资源的直接利用。本文针对设施农业自身的特点及现状雨水资源利用存在的问题 ,提出了设施农业雨水资源利用的新思路。通过对设施农业雨水资源化潜力的分析计算 ,探讨了设施农业雨水资源高效利用的自压灌溉系统设计方法。该系统集开源、节能与节水于一身 ,具有较强的实用性和众多的优点     

我国设施农业发展研究

<正>设施农业是衡量一个国家农业现代化程度的重要标志之一。近年来,我国设施农业发展迅猛。本文从我国设施农业发展现状、趋势,及农机化对设施农业的支撑作用及对策入手,展开研究,以期促进其快速发展。1.发展设施农业的现实意义(1)我国是一个农业大国,人口多,耕地少,人均资源相对不足。在有限的人均资源条件下,满足人们日益增长的对农产品的需求,必须走高效农业的发展之路。由于设施农     

设施农业技术现状与展望

设施农业是一种集生物技术、环境工程、保护设施和现代管理技术于一体的新型农业生产。为了节约土地资源、水资源和能源,努力减少资源浪费,设施农业发展需要大量的工程建设,会造成土壤污染和水污染等一系列问题。本文在分析中国设施农业发展的基础上,分析了我国设施农业的现状、趋势和存在的主要问题,并提出了控制中国设施农业发展的对策和建议。     

中国与吉尔吉斯斯坦设施农业合作前景浅析

文中介绍了吉尔吉斯斯坦农业及设施农业资源、现状及发展趋势,分析了中国与吉尔吉斯斯坦设施农业合作中存在的问题,为后续合作提供基础。     

以设施化推进农业现代化

<正>设施农业是我国现代农业的重要组成部分,是融合了工程技术、生物技术、环境技术、信息技术于一体的高科技产业。我国人均占有资源特别是土地资源比较少,发展高效农业、设施农业是我国农业现代化的必然选择。自2008年农业部出台了《关于设施农业发展的意见》以来,设施农业持续高速发展,同时也存在着技术创新不足、行业竞争机制不够规范、产业聚集能力不强等多方面问题和难题。     

浅析高寒地区发展设施农业的策略

设施农业是现代农业的显著标志。发展设施农业，可有效提高土地产出率、资源利用率和劳动生产率，增强农业抗风险能力、市场竞争能力和可持续发展能力，对于保障农产品有效供给，促进农业发展、农民增收，增强农业综合生产能力具有十分重要的意义。针对当前甘南州设施农业发展的基本情况、主要做法及经验，以及存在的一些问题，提出了今后设施农业发展的目标、主要措施和政策建议。     

设施农业技术

近年来,设施农业在我国得到迅猛发展,对加快我国农业结构战略性调整、提高农产品质量、提升农产品国际竞争力、促进农业增效和农民增收、加速农业现代化进程发挥了重要作用。为了进一步推广应用设施农业技术,本刊从这期起陆续介绍设施农业发展、设施设备、作业机具及配套技术、主要作物栽培及设施养殖等方面的知识。     

科学发展设施农业

设施农业又称可控农业,它是用一定设施和工程技术手段改变自然环境,在人工可控的条件下,按照动植物生长发育要求的最佳环境(光照、温度、湿度、营养等),以最少资源投入进行生产的现代农业。设施农业可实现常年化均衡生产,产量大、品质高,生产周期短,效率和效益是传统自然农业的     

蓬莱市设施农业现状分析

在分析了蓬莱市设施农业发展现状、设施农业主要类型、设施农业构成及经营状况的基础上,提出了设施农业发展中存在的问题及建议。     

设施农业低功耗手持信息采集系统研究

设施农业是现代农业的发展方向。随着设施农业生产在现代农业中的深入应用,如何便捷、高效地利用多方资源实现移动作业,以提高新技术装备在设施农业生产中效能与产出比重,已经成为当前研究热点之一。为此,研究了设施农业采集技术,提出了一种便携式低功耗的设施农业环境信息采集系统。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义,并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状,提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.