诱导换羽的成功要诀

产蛋母鸡的强制换羽并非开展于所有国家,在有些国家甚至被禁止。然而,产蛋母鸡的强制换羽有利也有弊。以下对此作简要叙述,并提出一些实践方面的建议。     

棕榈粕在蛋鸡日粮中的应用研究

400只40周龄伊莎褐蛋鸡随机分成5组,每组设4个重复,共20个重复(栏),进行为期8周的试验,考察棕榈粕及和美效素对产蛋高峰期蛋鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明,1)在产蛋高峰期蛋鸡日粮中棕榈粕的适宜添加量为6%～10%,可改善蛋鸡的产蛋率、个蛋重、料蛋比、破畸率及经济效益。2)添加10%棕榈粕和500g/t和美效素可改善蛋鸡的料蛋比、破畸率和经济效益。     

Comparison of blood glucose concentrations measured by enzymatic and reflectance photometric methods in fasting piglets

Summary

During a metabolic study of 22 fasting newborn piglets, blood glucose concentrations were measured by enzymatic and reflectance photometric methods. Use of the reflectance photometer is an accurate method of determining blood glucose levels even in hypoglycaemic range. In addition, the minimal quantity of blood needed for measurement allows the use of the same newborn piglets in longitudinal studies in which samples must be taken frequently.     

几种布鲁氏菌病血清学诊断方法的比较研究

疑似布病感染的牛场采集牛奶和全血进行细菌分离,采集血清用虎红平板凝集试验(RBT)、试管凝集试验(SAT)、iELISA、cELISA进行抗体检测;采集免疫牛场和部分免疫羊场血清430份进行国内4个厂家生产的RBT抗原比对实验,并且选择特异性最高厂家的RBT抗原与SAT、iELISA和cELISA同时进行抗体检测。结果表明4个厂家生产的RBT抗原检测结果的一致性较差,RBT和SAT与加拿大布病参考实验室提供的iELISA和cELISA试剂盒检测结果相比一致率较高,但前两者均有较高的假阳性和假阴性。通过对比试验得出:在布病检疫时可选择特异性好的RBT抗原进行初筛,阳性结果用iELISA或cELISA进行确诊。     

Comparison of a commercial limited-antigen diet versus home-prepared diets in the diagnosis of canine adverse food reaction

The objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy of a commercial limited-antigen diet (Eukanuba Veterinary Diets Response Formula FP/Canine, The Iams Company) with home-prepared diets in the diagnosis of adverse food reaction in dogs. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase utilized 28 dogs fed a home-prepared diet to enable a diagnosis of adverse food reaction. Dogs diagnosed from this phase were entered into the second phase in which these dogs were fed the commercial limited-antigen diet. Owners of 10 of the 28 dogs quit Phase 1 before it could be completed, and one case was eliminated because extended treatment with steroids was required. Eight of the remaining 17 (47 %) dogs were diagnosed with an adverse food reaction. A reaction occurred in four of eight dogs fed the test diet in Phase 2. These results demonstrated the difficulties encountered by owners and veterinarians attempting to feed dogs home-prepared diets. In addition, the results of the study suggest that the occurrence of adverse reactions to fish could make it a less desirable ingredient as a limited antigenin canine diets.     

对鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白两种提取方法的比较

本文比较了水稀释-饱和硫酸铵沉淀法（法一）和水稀释-冰乙醇分级沉淀法（法二）分离提纯鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白（IgY）的产率、纯度及抗体效价。结果表明：两种方法提取的IgY纯度均较高,法一纯化的IgY的产率及蛋白活性相对更好。     

猪弓形虫血清学检测方法比较

采用弓形虫间接血凝试验（IHA）和弓形虫IgG抗体ELISA两种方法检测来自宁夏区内16个规模场61个散养户的510份猪血清。结果显示,两种方法存在关联性,前者阳性率为19.22%,后者阳性率为22.94%。表明宁夏区内不同类别的养猪场户存在弓形虫病的感染,此外,ELISA方法检测弓形虫抗体检出率高于间接血凝试验。     

Influence of a vegetarian diet versus a diet with fishmeal on bone in growing pigs

This study was conducted to examine if substantial bone loss occurs in growing pigs fed a vegetarian diet in comparison with a diet containing fishmeal. Twelve 6-week-old weaned pigs were assigned to two groups: group V [vegetarian diet; 0.61% phosphorus (P) in dry matter until 25 kg and 0.46% P until the end of the experiment] and group F (fishmeal diet; 0.61% P in dry matter until 25 kg and 0.46% P until the end of the experiment). Phytase was added to both diets. These two diets were fed to the two groups for a period of 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected weekly, faeces were collected three times a week. Concentrations of osteocalcin (OC) and carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) were measured in serum, using a radioimmunoassay, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bAP) was measured using an enzyme immunoassay. Bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were determined by peripheral quantitative computer tomography (pQCT) in the tibia and phalanx. In addition, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (VitD) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured in serum. The digestibility of P was significantly decreased in group V. Significant changes in bAP activities and OC concentrations occurred with time during the 6 weeks. ICTP concentrations were significantly higher in group V. Total BMC and BMD in the tibia and BMD in the phalanx significantly decreased in group V. The results show that a vegetarian diet induces a significant loss of bone and a higher bone formation in group V compared with group F, although phytase was added to both diets. The dietary requirements for P in pigs, especially in the context of feeding vegetarian diets and adding an appropriate amount of phytase, should be investigated further.     

产蛋鸡日粮中添加酵母细胞壁对鸡蛋品质及血清蛋白指标的影响

试验选用181日龄海兰灰产蛋鸡576只,随机分为6个处理,设对照基础日粮组,抗生素组(基础日粮+500mg/kg10%杆菌肽锌组),4个酵母细胞壁组,在基础日粮的基础上分别添加500、1000、1500、2000mg/kg酵母细胞壁,每个处理6个重复,试验期56d,以研究酵母细胞壁对鸡蛋品质、血清蛋白指标的影响。结果显示:蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、血清中的球蛋白、总蛋白的含量,6个处理组均没有显著性差异。哈夫单位、血清蛋白指标出现差异但没表现出规律性。     

Comparison of methods for assay of fecal proteolytic activity

Fecal proteolytic activity (FPA) in ten normal dogs was readily detected either calorimetrically using azocasein substrate or by radial enzyme diffusion into agar gels containing casein substrate. Daily FPA ranged from 17 to 207 azocasein units/g (ACUIG) or 4 to 18 mm of casein hydrolysis, while mean 3-day FPA ranged from 58 to 10 1 ACUIG or 7 to 15 mm. Studies of proteolytic activity remaining after treatment of fecal extracts with a specific trypsin inhibitor indicated that trypsin accounted for 0% to 71% of proteolytic activity. Proteolytic activity decreased steadily in fecal specimens stored at room temperature or above, but there was only slight loss in activity during storage for up to 5 days at 4 degrees C. Proteolytic activity was unaffected by repeated freezing and thawing and samples could be stored for long periods at -2 degrees C without noticeable loss of activity. It is concluded that assays of FPA using either azoprotein substrate or radial enzyme diffusion into agar gels containing casein substrate allow evaluation of exocrine pancreatic function in dogs, provided that several samples are tested. These methods are suitable for application in a variety of species.     

Free versus microencapsulated organic acids in medicated or not medicated diet for piglets

Aim of the study was to investigate the growth performance of weaned piglets fed either a medicated or not medicated diet supplemented with either a blend of formic and lactic (64/36) acids (FL, 11 kg/ton) or a microencapsulated blend of organic acids and flavors (T) (1 kg/ton, Tetracid®S, EU patent 1391155B1,Vetagro srl, Italy). 480 three-week old SCAAPAG × Goland piglets were fed four diets (4 pens of 30 piglets per diet): FL or T with or without the medication (M) comprising colistin 180 ppm + amoxicillin 600 ppm for the 1st phase and chlortetracycline 1000 ppm + sulphadiazine 1250 ppm + trimetoprim 250 ppm for the 2nd phase. The piglets received a two-phase diet (I:18% CP, 1.3% Lys, 7.5% CF and 2600 kcal/kg NE; II:18% CP, 1.2% Lys, 5.6% CF and 2400 kcal/kg NE). All data were analysed by ANOVA. After 49 days, animals fed the medicated diets had higher feed intake (+ 24.5% for group FL + M vs FL − M and + 22.3% for group T + M vs T − M; P < 0.01) and lower mortality (overall 1.2% for the medicated diets fed animals vs 9.2% for the non-medicated ones). Final weights were: 26.8 ± 1.0 kg, 25.7 ± 0.8 kg for FL + M, T + M, 20.9 ± 0.7 kg, 21.6 ± 0.8 kg for FL − M and T − M, respectively (P < 0.05). The medication resulted in maintaining animals in good health status. The microencapsulation technique allowed to lower the acids dose to be included in the feed by ten fold at least maintaining the same effects that a high dose can give without medication.     

低钙日粮对海兰褐蛋种鸡血浆指标的影响

选用90只23周龄健康海兰褐蛋鸡，随机分为5组，每组设3个重复，分别饲喂含钙0．4％、1．2％、2．0％、2．8％和3．6％的日粮，试验时间90d。结果表明，0．4％和1．2％低钙日粮组显著降低血浆钙磷、血浆磷脂、蛋壳钙磷、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳质量和蛋黄磷脂，提高蛋黄粗脂肪；试验后期2．0％钙日粮能显著降低蛋黄磷脂和提高蛋黄粗脂肪。     

用大鸟笼式饲养系统替代传统的蛋鸡生产系统

大鸟笼式／多层型家禽饲养系统（图1）可能会被整合入家禽饲养舍或散养舍中,以满足当今动物福利的要求。     

布氏田鼠数量调查方法的比较

本文探讨了常用的四种调查方法,即标记流放法,定面积捕尽法、洞口计数法和铗日法对布氏田鼠数量测报的效果。