青藏高原绿绒蒿的药用研究进展

绿绒蒿为一年或多年生的草本,罂粟科绿绒蒿属植物.除一种产自西欧,其余48种都分布在喜马拉雅地区;其中大部分绿绒蒿生长在海拔3000～4000 m的青藏高原上.绿绒蒿不仅具有观赏价值,而且还可入药,有研究表明绿绒蒿具有较好的抗氧化、消炎、护肝、保护心血管等作用.本文通过对绿绒蒿的分类、化学成分、药理作用等方面研究的阐述和...     

全球绿绒蒿属植物研究势态文献计量学综述

绿绒蒿(Meconopsis)是著名的观赏植物和传统药用植物,具有极大的经济利用价值。本文基于CiteSpace V软件,以中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CNKI)和Web of Science收录的1980-2019年期间与绿绒蒿研究相关的文献作为数据源,对国内外绿绒蒿的文献势态进行综述,揭示了绿绒蒿的文献年际分布、主要研究人员及研究机构、研究热点及趋势。结果表明,绿绒蒿相关研究的发文量总体呈上升趋势,文章的被引频次在各年份间波动较大。中国科学院及下属机构发文量最多并具有较强的影响力,一定程度上得益于绿绒蒿的世界地理分布。不同研究阶段对绿绒蒿的关注重点不同,早期重点关注绿绒蒿属的传统分类鉴定,当前及未来一段时间的关注热点主要是基于分子生物学等现代手段对绿绒蒿属植物的化学成分分析及药理活性的研究。最后,基于山地生态系统结构组成、多样性的功能及服务框架之下,结合文献计量学的综述结果,系统性地汇总了绿绒蒿属植物的优势学科体现、未来应用价值以及在不同领域的交互融合。今后应加强合作与交流,拓展延伸绿绒蒿研究的深度与广度,为绿绒蒿野生...     

夹金山3种同域分布绿绒蒿的传粉生态学研究

为了揭示夹金山3种同域分布绿绒蒿的传粉生态学特点与繁育系统差异，以全缘叶绿绒蒿、川西绿绒蒿、红花绿绒蒿为研究对象，观测植株的花期物候与传粉媒介，并采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法与氯化三苯基四氮唑（TTC）染色法分别检测柱头可授性与花粉活力。结果表明：1）全缘叶绿绒蒿的花期比川西绿绒蒿和红花绿绒蒿提前近1个月，后两者的花期接近，但三者花期均有重叠。2)3种绿绒蒿柱头可授性持续时间均达5 d以上，且第3至4天时可授性最强。3）在散粉后的8 h内，全缘叶绿绒蒿和川西绿绒蒿的花粉活力随时间延长而下降，红花绿绒蒿的花粉活力呈先升高后降低的趋势。4）全缘叶绿绒蒿花粉胚珠比为990±28，川西绿绒蒿为2050±596，两者之间有显著差异（P<0.05）；红花绿绒蒿为1380±202，与前两者无显著差异。且3种绿绒蒿均属于兼性异交。5)3种绿绒蒿有着相同的传粉者麻蝇；其中访问全缘叶绿绒蒿的昆虫种类最多；访问红花绿绒蒿的昆虫比较单一，但数量最多；访问川西绿绒蒿的昆虫数量最少。综上，3种绿绒蒿在繁育系统上表现出差异性：全缘叶绿绒蒿花期和柱头可授期最长，柱头可授性最强，授粉昆虫种类最多，弥补了花粉活力衰减快的...     

藏药五脉绿绒蒿对小白鼠实验性肝损伤保护作用的研究

为了探讨五脉绿绒蒿对小鼠实验性肝损伤的保护作用,采用一次性腹腔注射四氯化碳花生油(0.12%)方法制作染毒小鼠模型,醋氨酚造成小鼠肝坏死模型;分别给予不同剂量五脉绿绒蒿剂对模型动物进行干预性保护,测定不同实验组小鼠的血液生化指标,并观察醋氨酚中毒对小鼠生存率的影响。结果表明:五脉绿绒蒿剂能降低模型小鼠ALT、AST活性,并能提高醋氨酚中毒的小鼠生存率,对模型小鼠实验性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

红花绿绒蒿种子休眠及破除方法研究

为探究红花绿绒蒿(Meconopsis punicea Maxim.)种子休眠的原因及破除方法,本研究对红花绿绒蒿种子进行了结构分析及生物活性测验,并测定了种子吸水率及沙藏前后种子的胚率及发芽指标.结果表明:红花绿绒蒿的胚发育时期多处于球形或心形胚时期,未发育成熟,种子内含有萌发抑制物质,种皮对其萌发不造成透性障碍,种...     

诃子等中药组合对猪呼吸系统疾病病原菌体外抑制作用研究

猪呼吸系统疾病一般由病毒和细菌混合感染引起,严重影响生猪健康,目前主要采用大剂量抗生素来治疗病猪,但易产生副作用。筛选适宜中药来治疗猪呼吸系统疾病是养猪业发展的迫切需求。本研究将中药诃子、余甘子用中性去离子水索氏提取4～6 h,螃蟹甲、多刺绿绒蒿用无水乙醇索氏提取6 h,蒸干溶剂,收率分别为10.0%、10.5%、11.0%和10.0%。将诃子、余甘子用水稀释,螃蟹甲、多刺绿绒蒿用5%吐温80溶液稀释,得到药物储存液,采用试管法测定诃子及其与其他中药组合对猪呼吸系统疾病病原菌（A族乙型溶血性链球菌、猪链球菌、波氏杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌及副猪嗜血杆菌）的最低抑菌浓度。结果显示,诃子对猪呼吸系统疾病病原菌有较强的抑菌作用,余甘子、螃蟹甲、多刺绿绒蒿与诃子的多种药物组合也有较强的抑菌作用,大多数能协同诃子抑制猪呼吸系统疾病常见病原菌,其作用强弱顺序为诃子/余甘子/多刺绿绒蒿（3∶1∶1）>诃子/余甘子/螃蟹甲（3∶1∶1）>诃子/螃蟹甲（2∶1）>诃子>诃子/多刺绿绒蒿（2∶1）>诃子/余甘子（1∶1）。这些药物组合可为猪呼吸系统疾病防治药物的研发提供参考。     

青海省国家重点保护野生植物名录——基于国家重点保护野生植物名录(2021版)

为了更好地了解青海省国家重点保护野生植物种类、科属组成、特有性、濒危状况及地理分布等特征,依据2021年9月发布的新版《国家重点保护野生植物名录》,通过查阅对比文献和馆藏标本,梳理总结了青海省国家重点保护野生植物的多样性。结果表明:1)相比1999年发布的《国家重点保护野生植物名录》,青海省新增44种国家重点保护野生植物。2)青海省国家重点保护野生植物有3大类22科30属53种1变种,其中一级保护植物1种(发菜),二级保护植物52种1变种。3)物种数量最多的科、属分别为兰科(10种)、杓兰属(8种)。4)中国特有属1个,中国特有属+青藏高原特有属3个,中国特有物种9种,青藏高原特有物种9种,中国特有+青藏高原特有物种13种,另有青海省特有种1种(久治绿绒蒿)。5)青海省54种(含变种)国家重点保护野生植物中有18种处于易危(VU)等级,12种处于濒危(EN)等级,总计受威胁等级物种数30种,占所有物种的55.55%。6)青海省国家重点保护野生植物绝大多数分布在青海东南部,主要在玉树州、果洛州和海东市草原及森林生境中,与青海省植物多样性的分布规律基本一致。青海省国家重点保护野生植物有54...     

野生植物白沙蒿资源的综合开发利用研究

对白沙蒿的生物学特性、化学成分及开发应用进行了综合研究，结果表明：白沙蒿是理想的抗旱、防沙和固沙植物；含有丰富的营养物质，可作为畜牧业的重要饲料；有较高的药用价值和工业利用前景，对该植物资源的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

野生植物白沙蒿资源的综合开发利用研究

对白沙蒿的生物学特性、化学成分及开发应用进行了综合研究，结果表明：白沙蒿是理想的抗旱、防沙和固沙植物；含有丰富的营养物质，可作为畜牧业的重要饲料；有较高的药用价值和工业利用前景，对该植物资源的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

17味藏药粗提取物对仔猪细菌性腹泻主要病原菌体外抑菌试验

为了研究17味藏药粗提取物对仔猪细菌性腹泻主要病原菌产肠毒素大肠埃希氏菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌的体外抑菌试验效果,采用琼脂扩散法和试管二倍梯度稀释法,分别测定抑菌圈直径大小、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明:产肠毒素大肠埃希氏菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌均对余甘子、诃子、多刺绿绒蒿、螃蟹甲4味药物敏感,4味藏药药物MIC分别为1.516 mg/mL、6.065 mg/mL、41.333 mg/mL、94.302 mg/mL。结论:4味藏药对产肠毒素大肠埃希氏菌和猪霍乱沙门氏菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中余甘子和诃子的作用最强,其次是多刺绿绒蒿,螃蟹甲抑菌效果较弱,为仔猪细菌性腹泻的中药防治提供理论基础。     

计算机在动物生物节律研究中的应用

本文以绵羊时辰生理学和时辰生物化学指标昼夜节律为研究对象,应用计算机根据最小二乘法原理设计软件拟合指标的群体余弦曲线,找出曲线的振幅、峰相位及其95％的置信区问。如果对数学模式稍加改动,则可适合各种类型生物节律的编程计算。     

脂肪生物有效能值的测定

本试验方法测定的有效能值不同于传统的代谢能值,是基于生长反应来测定的,实为生长效应能值。试验利用１～３和４～６周龄的肉仔鸡测定不同脂肪来源在不同添加水平下的能量贡献。在低能基础日粮中添加５％、１０％和１５％的葡萄糖或将豆油、黄油和牛脂三种脂肪,１～３周以１％和２％、４～６周以１．５％和３％两个水平添加到基础日粮中。通过脂肪添加组与葡萄糖组生长性能对照,根据生长性能相等的原则得出每一脂肪添加水平相应的葡萄糖水平,根据葡萄糖代谢能值（３．６４ｋｃａｌ／ｇ干物质）求出脂肪的能值。试验结果表明：黄油和牛脂在低水平（１％～１．５％）添加时其有效能值超出总能值（９．４ｋｃａｌ／ｇ）,其有效能值随着添加水平的提高而下降,而且饱和度越高下降愈明显;但对豆油而言,当添加水平在较小范围内（１％～３％）变化时其能值未见下降。     

A RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE FOR PELVIMETRY OF UNANAESTHESTISED EWES AND A COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS OF ESTIMATING THE AREA OF THE PELVIC INLET

SUMMARY A radiographic procedure is described which enables reliable estimation of the area of the pelvic inlet of up to 150 ewes per seven-hour day by combining use of a specialized radiographic table, immobilisation of the subject with a blindfold and 2 restraining belts, and a mobile condenser-discharge x-ray generator powered by a domestic electrical supply or a portable generator. Six pelvic dimensions, the distances between the medial ischiatic tuberosities, the lateral ischiatic tuberosities, the length of the pubic symphysis, the acetabular, transverse and conjugate diameters and the area of the pelvic inlet computed as the product of the transverse and conjugate diameters (pelvic axes), were estimated by three methods which allowed for magnification resulting from the dimensions of interest lying at varying heights above the film. The estimates were compared by linear regression analysis with their respective values obtained directly from the pelves dissected after slaughter, method A. Method B was isometric, using a perspex vaginal isometer with radiopaque calibrations. Methods C and D applied the theorem of similar triangles. Method C assumed that the dimensions of interest lay in a horizontal plane halfway through the dorso-ventral or lateral thickness of the subject when thickness was measured on a level with the femoral greater trochanters. Method D assumed that the dimensions of interest lay in the same horizontal plane as the height of the subject's anus above the table top when measured in sternal or lateral recumbency. The test subjects were groups of aged, non-pregnant Dorset Horn or Merino ewes. Method B estimated the pelvic axes unreliably in both breeds. Method D, although almost as reliable as method C in Dorset Horn ewes, was not used in merinos because it was cumbersome. Method C was preferred because the estimates were highly correlated with the exact values for both breeds and it was the easiest to apply since measuring body thickness was essential for calculating exposures. Using method C, R values in Dorset Horns for the transverse and conjugate diameters, and the area of the pelvic inlet, were 0.96, 0.78 and 0.81 respectively. For Merinos the corresponding values were 0.88, 0.80 and 0.84 respectively. As method C over-estimated the area of the pelvic inlet, a prediction equation was derived to minimise this tendency, resulting in revised estimates, accurate within 2.7% and 3.9% respectively, of the values obtained at the autopsy of the merino and Dorset Horn test subjects. All methods were unsatisfactory for estimating dimensions other than the transverse and conjugate diameters, and the area of the pelvic inlet. The procedure recommended has been used in several breeding flocks to determine the role of mature maternal pelvic size in feto-pelvic disproportion, birth injury to the fetal central nervous system and repeated maternal rearing failure.     

水貂生理生化血液流变学常值的研究

水貂系哺乳纲，鼠类科，为珍贵的毛皮兽。该场所养的水貂系６０年代从挪威，丹麦，１９８２年英国，１９９１年美国加拿大引进水貂后代。１９９０￣１９９２年对礤血液流变学，生理生化常值进行了测试，并选择健康的水貂测试数据进行了处理。经国际联机检索，尚未发现有关水貂的血液流变学的任何报道材料。     

THE EFFECT OF OBLIQUITY ON THE RADIOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT IN DOGS

The temporomandibular joint is formed between the condyloid process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone. The basic anatomy of this joint was assessed and described in a series of skulls including dolichocephalic, mesaticephalic and brachycephalic breeds. The facial index and rotational angles were measured with the facial index providing a useful method of classifying skull types but the rotational angle being of limited use in assessment of the temporomandibular joint until normal breed values are established. Equipment was designed to allow repeatable positioning of the temporomandibular joint for radiography at a variety of lateral and long axis rotational angles relative to the central x-ray beam. The regions of the joint and anatomic features visualized in each view are demonstrated. 10 degrees rotation was required in either axis to project the joints independently of each other. Lateral rotational angles of 10 to 30 degrees in mesaticephalic and dolichocephalic breeds and 20 to 30 degrees in brachycephalics and long axis rotational views of 10 to 30 degrees depending on the region of interest were considered to be the most useful.     

亚高山草甸弃耕地植物群落演替的数量研究——Ⅳ.组分种生态位分析

用甘南亚高山草甸弃耕地演替群落的样方数据及计测生态位置迭的改进公式,计算了十五个主要组分种间的重迭值和相异系数。用极点排序和等级聚合分类的方法和种的相异系数数据,对此十五个种进行了排序和分类,从而使定量比较种的生态学特性的生态应分析在整个群落水平上得以实现。     

添加甲酸对马铃薯茎叶青贮效果的影响

以收获马铃薯块茎后的马铃薯茎叶为原料，以甲酸为添加剂进行青贮饲料调制试验，以期实现其饲料化利用。试验采用完全随机试验设计，在3个含水量水平（75％、65％、55％）的马铃薯茎叶分别添加梯度为0．5％、1．0％、1．5％的甲酸（FA）进行青贮，室温青贮45d后，测定其理化指标。结果表明：随甲酸添加量的增加，青贮料的感官指标呈向好趋势，添加量1．5％时，均为1级优良，发酵效果最佳；化学指标中，pH值显著降低（P〈0．05），乳酸含量升高，乙酸含量显著（P〈0．05）降低，丁酸不产出或较少产生；NH3-N／TN的含量显著（P〈0．05）下降；CP、WSC明显上升。     

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF FEMALE CATTLE IN THE KIMBERLEY REGION OF NORTHWESTERN AUSTRALIA

Three experiments were done to determine the influence of supplementary feeding with crushed whole cotton seed and weaning on the productivity of breeding female cattle under range conditions in the Kimberley region, north-western Australia. In the first experiment, supplementary feeding cut losses of breeding cows from 47% to nil, and increased calf turn-off from 18% to 58%, in a sample of cattle from Argyle Downs cattle station during a severe dry season. In the second experiment, weaning calves at 4–6 months of age reduced weight loss in supplemented cows, from 21 to 8% over the last 100 days of the dry season, although the subsequent growth of supplemented weaned calves was inferior to that of non-weaned calves. In the third experiment, weaning of calves had no effect on body weight changes in supplemented cows, although non-weaned calves gained significantly faster than weaned supplemented calves. Control of cattle tick infestation by spraying increased blood haematocrit and haemoglobin values, but had no effect on total plasma proteins. A survey of feral cattle in the Kimberley area showed depressed blood haeboglobin, haematocrit and plasma protein values in breeding cows compared with other classes of cattle.     

不同品种猪肉肌苷酸含量的测定

用分光光度计测定猪肉提取液中的肌苷酸光密度,求得每克鲜肉中肌苷酸含量,发现品种间差异显著,宰后3.5小时肌苷酸含量与肉质有一定关系。PSE肉发生率高的猪种,宰后3.5小时眼肌肌苷酸含量也高,而pH值较低。     

析加强青少年社会主义核心价值教育

社会主义核心价值体系表征了我国社会的追求与宗旨，加强青少年社会主义核心价值教育，有利于在共建、共享社会道德价值观中，提高青少年整体道德素质水平，使其融入有中国特色社会主义的文化与文明的精神实质中，成为建设社会主义和谐社会的生力军。