越冬前保健——养殖成败的关键

10月份开始,随着气温、水温的下降,水产养殖动物的摄食量也开始逐渐下降,同时水产动物的疾病也逐渐减少.疾病的减少往往会让我们的养殖户"放松警惕",忽略了进行水产动物的保健工作.其实,在养殖动物"未病"的情况下,才是进行养殖保健的最佳时期,而越冬前的保健对整个养殖过程具有尤其重要的意义.     

基层兽医站生猪防疫工作策略研究

基层畜牧兽医站的动物防疫工作是我国畜牧业的重点内容,良好的工作质量可以有效降低动物的发病概率,减少疾病的传播,保障动物的健康。要提高对基层兽医站动物防疫工作的重视程度,从多方面支持基层防疫工作的开展。     

水产养殖中的应激与控制对策

综述了水产养殖中常见的应激因子、应激因子的来源以及动物的应激反应;建议采用生态的健康养殖模式,适量投喂营养均衡高效的配合饲料,从而降低水产养殖自身污染,减少应激因子和水产养殖对水域生态环境造成的威胁。     

利用物质循环原理提高养殖效益

降低动物养殖饲料成本,提高饲料在物质循环中的转化率是提高动物养殖经济效益的技术关键,减少动物在饲养中对环境的污染,降低动物对有害物质的富集作用,保证动物食品的安全是发挥动物养殖生态效益的途径之一.笔者根据物质循环的生态原理,在江苏淮阴农业学校农牧渔场,进行了为期一年的利用物质循环原理进行养猪养鱼的技术探讨,取得了较好的经济、社会和生态效益.     

动物福利及GAP对水产养殖的福利要求

一、水产动物福利的现状 动物福利的核心内容是“五项自由”：让动物享有不受饥渴的自由、生活舒适的自由、不受痛苦伤害的自由、生活无恐惧感和悲伤感的自由以及表达天性的自由。改善动物福利可最大限度地发挥动物的作用，让动物更好地为人类服务，可最大限度地提高畜牧生产水平，可以使动物尽可能免受不必要的痛苦。动物福利贯穿于动物的饲养、屠宰和运输过程中。     

水产养殖废水净化与循环应用技术研究

正本文对传统精养池塘的结构进行改造优化,在精养鱼池中构建了由水生高等植物、水产养殖动物及微生物复合制剂组成的集成生物净化修复系统,以期通过三者协同作用,实现各自最佳的水质净化功能,提高养殖效益、降低养殖成本、减少养殖废水向外部环境的排放以及节水养鱼的目的。     

对九寨沟县动物防疫工作的思考

动物防疫工作对提高养殖业生产效益、降低疫病危害以及保证动物产品质量有着重要意义，如何做好目前动物防疫工作关系着农牧民群众的切身利益。对当前九寨沟县动物防疫方面的问题提出相关建议，为养殖人员开展动物防疫工作提供参考。     

论绿色养殖技术在奶牛养殖中的应用

绿色养殖技术简单的来说就是尽量避免药物养殖,催生养殖等非自然因素,尽可能回归原生态的养殖模式,让被养殖动物处于一个相对自然的环境中,健康生长。绿色养殖技术能够保证动物的适应性,能够实质性的提升动物的品质以及养殖的效益。     

9种诱食剂对水产动物诱食效果对比试验

<正>诱食剂是一类改善动物适口性的非营养性添加剂，诱食剂的作用原理是通过刺激视觉、嗅觉和味觉等生理基础反应，引起水产动物摄食行为。目前水产动物饲料诱食剂主要有甜菜碱、含硫化合物、动物产品及其提取物、植物及其提取物、中草药诱食剂、核苷酸诱食剂(贾晶莹，2020)。基于不同水产动物采食嗜好，在饲料中添加诱食剂，不但能诱导水产动物摄食、改善饲料适口性、增加饲料原料使用种类范围、利于饵料资源开发利用，还能减少饲料浪费、促进水产动物消化吸收、降低饵料系数、减少水质污染。     

网箱养殖虹鳟对水质、浮游动物、底栖动物和沉积物的影响

网箱养殖虹鳟对水质、浮游动物、底栖动物和沉积物的影响Ｇ。Ｆ。Ｃｏｒｎｅｌ，Ｆ．Ｇ。Ｗｈｏｒｉｓｋｅｙ网箱养殖的影响包括增加了营养水平、浑浊度和沉积有机物，减少了底栖动物的种类和生物量，减少了透明度，降低了溶氧浓度、电导率和ｐＨ值，有时甚至引起温层的变...     

长毛对虾幼体的食性

本文采用11种单细胞藻类、3种动物、2种人工饵料，分别喂养不同发育期的长毛对虾幼体，从其变态速度和存活率，比较各种饵料的效果．并对幼体口器与食性关系、溞状幼体死亡率与食性转化关系，以及人工投饵与生态系育苗相结合的问题作了初步探讨。     

Egg Quality in Wild and Broodstock Cod Gadus morhua L.

Problems concerning egg viability or egg quality have received increasing attention, in relation to cultivation as well as to the assessment of reproduction of wild fishes. One important aspect of this paper is to discuss the use of cell morphological characteristics as indicators of egg quality in cod. Early cellular malformation rates in egg batches show a positive correlation with their later egg and larval survival, and can be used as a rough prediction of normal development and mortality rates.
The natural mortality rate offish eggs is not well understood, and observed egg viability of captive cod is are discussed in relation to egg viability in the wild. Results from recent work indicated that approximately 10% of naturally spawned cod eggs from both wild fish (planktonic samples) and from a broodstock had abnormal cleavages at the 2–128 cell stage. Eggs with observed early abnormal cell-cleavage showed very poor survival and hatching rates. For broodstock cod, egg viability was highest during the peak of the spawning season.
The North Atlantic cod may provide a good model species for studies of egg viability variations in wild and captive individuals, as its reproductive biology is well studied. It is now documented that the egg production in cod is dependent on fish age, nutritional status, batch number, and stress factors.     

真鲷（Pagrosomus major）苗种生产技术的开发研究↑（*）

１９９１－１９９３年在中国青岛市对真鲷苗种生产技术进行了连续三年的开发研究，通过改善亲鱼培育及采卵技术、提高轮虫连续培养及稳定供应技术、提高仔鱼开鳔率、加强饵料的营养强化、设置环流及水面集污器等技术措施、改进和完善了真鲷苗种生产工艺。利用 １７５ｍ３培育水体，三年中共育出真鲷苗种 ２９１． ６万尾，各年度的苗种生产量分别为 ５１．８万尾、１１６．４万尾、１２３．４万尾；培苗成活率分别为２５．６％、３２．８％、６２．５％；平均单位水体出苗量分别为２９６０尾／ｍ３、６６５１尾／ｍ３、９８７２尾／ｍ３。在国内首次实现苗种生产三年连续成功，并连续突破百万尾大关。同时试验证明利用对虾育苗池进行真纲苗种生产是可行的。     

饲粮中不同铜水平对产蛋鸡的生产性能及蛋品质的影响

选择五水硫酸铜作为饲料添加的铜源,以产蛋鸡(高峰期)作为试验动物,研究日粮中添加60mg/kg的铜对产蛋高峰期的海兰褐壳蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质的影响。试验选取40周龄的海兰褐壳蛋鸡104只,设两个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复13只鸡。2个处理组分别为对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组饲喂基础日粮+硫酸铜52mg/kg,试验结果表明(1)与对照组相比,处理组能够提高产蛋鸡的各个生产性能指标,日产蛋重、产蛋率、料蛋比、日采食量均有上升趋势(P>0.05);(2)与对照组相比,处理组的蛋形指数差异不显著(P>0.05),蛋壳的厚度有变厚趋势(P>0.05),蛋白、蛋黄重以及蛋白蛋黄的比值差异不显著(P>0.05),破软蛋率有下降的趋势(P>0.05)。     

Effect of Photoperiod Manipulation on Broodstock Spawning, Fertilization Success, and Egg Developmental Abnormalities in Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua

Spawning activity in two captive Atlantic cod broodstock groups previously captured from the wild stock fishery was monitored over three spawning seasons. Both groups spawned under ambient photoperiod (PP) in the first year, after which photomanipulation was applied to compress the PP cycle of one broodstock group, while the second group was maintained on natural PP. Increased total egg volumes, number of egg batches, total egg production, and duration of the spawning season were observed in both ambient PP and advanced PP groups in the second and third spawning seasons. Compared to ambient controls, the photoadvanced group commenced spawning earlier, had a longer spawning season, produced a lower total volume of eggs over the entire spawning season, and had lower mean daily batch volumes of eggs, and the eggs were of smaller mean diameter. Fertilization success was >90% in all years, increased in both groups in the first year after photomanipulation but declined to prior levels in the following year. No consistent difference in fertilization success was observed between advanced PP and ambient PP groups. Rates of cell development abnormalities were low (<10%) in both groups over the three spawning seasons. Abnormalities of cell symmetry and clarity increased in both ambient PP and advanced PP groups over the three spawning seasons. However, no consistent differences in rate of cell abnormalities were observed between advanced PP and ambient PP groups within years. We conclude that PP advancement is an effective technique to compress the time between successive spawning periods in Atlantic cod and does not negatively affect fertilization success or rates of cell developmental abnormalities. However, it has a negative effect on both volume and size of eggs produced.     

Fluctuations of abundance and survival rate during the egg and larval stages of Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus in the Seto Inland Sea (1980–2007)

In order to understand the processes affecting early survival of the Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus population in the Seto Inland Sea, we examined the monthly fluctuations in the abundance and survival rates from eggs to recruits (15-day-old larvae, 13?mm in standard length fish, defined as 1-month-old fish) during their main spawning season from 1980 to 2007. The abundance of the yolksac larvae positively correlated with the abundance of eggs, but the abundance of recruits did not significantly correlate with the abundance of yolksac larvae. These results imply that the survival rate during the egg stage is relatively stable, but that the rate during the larval stage is variable. Of the three most recent decades (1980s, 1990s and 2000s), the abundance of recruits was highest in the 1980s. The decrease in the abundance of recruits after the 1990s can be considered to have occurred through a decline in survival rate during the larval stage because there were no significant differences in egg abundance, yolksac larval abundance, and survival rates during the egg stage in the three decades of the study period.     

中华鳖规模繁育技术的研究

摘要详细报道了中华鳖亲鳖培育、产卵、收卵、鉴别、孵化、稚幼鳖培育技术。探讨了亲鳖怀卵量与体重的相关关系，给出回归方程式，并分析了亲鳖年龄与产卵量、受精率、孵化率、卵重等的关系。     

虹鳟鱼卵形态观察初步研究

2001年8、9、10、11、12月和2002年12月进行了不同时间虹蹲鱼卵卵径的变化和不同颜色虹蹲鱼卵的吸水前后变化、采卵数、受精率的观察研究。结果表明：经方差分析体长、体重与卵径无相关性，而卵径与时间、水温有一定的相关性(r＝0．8354，r=—0．7634)；橘红色、淡黄色卵在吸水前后变化、采卵数、受精率等差异不大，橘红色卵的质量略高于淡黄色卵。     

New insights into the mechanism of egg activation in fish

The commercial culture of several important species of fish has long been associated with productivity problems generally attributable to fertilisation rates, hatching rates, and embryonic development. Our present knowledge of the molecular processes accompanying fertilisation in fish is scant at best. Here, we examine how new findings about the molecular mechanisms underlying reproduction in other animal groups may help advance our understanding of how egg activation takes place in fish. A better understanding of egg activation in fish is likely to make a highly valuable contribution to future growth of the aquaculture industry.     

Walleye pollock egg distribution and mortality in the western Gulf of Alaska

We examine the distribution and mortality of walleye pollock ( Theragra chakogramma ) eggs in the western Gulf of Alaska. Most pollock eggs were found in mid-water, with low proportions in the neustonic and epibenthic layers during all years of sampling. A silhouette camera towed through a high egg density region provided new information on small-scale spatial distributions and provided density estimates at two depth layers similar to those of depth-discrete net sampling. Annual egg production curves and natural mortalities were estimated for 1987-92 based on the abundance of several cohorts relative to their production rate. Production during 1989 and 1990 was lower than in the other four years but 1988 was the only year to show markedly different (higher) mortality than the rest. Fertilization rate was generally very high (>99%) but several collections early in the season contained a substantial fraction of unfertilized eggs. Invertebrate egg predation was mainly due to euphausiids and was variable among locations and years. Egg cannibalism by adult pollock on the spawning grounds was inconsequential (< 1% for all years) compared to invertebrate predation.