牦牛毛微量元素含量与其抗寒性能的关联性分析

[目的]通过对牦牛毛绒品质和毛微量元素的测定,得出其是否与牦牛抗寒性能有关。[方法]选择西藏阿里地区的不同年龄阶段牦牛对毛绒品质和毛中钙Ca、铜Cu、铁Fe、镁Mg、锌Zn等指标变化进行分析。[结果]不同年龄半野血牦牛的被毛分析得出,随着年龄的增长毛绒细度逐渐增加且差异显著(P0.05);6～8岁半野血牦牛被毛和血液中的铁、钙含量较高,可能与牦牛为了适应缺氧气候条件有关。[结论]牦牛毛绒品质和微量元素随着年龄的增长有增长趋势,以6～8年龄阶段较好,这将对牦牛抗寒能力的改善及其他高原品种营养代谢调控,疾病预防等方面提供数据支撑。     

Epithelial-stromal tumor of the seminal vesicles in the transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate model

The transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) model, designed for researching human prostatic cancer, was genetically engineered to harbor a transgene composed of the simian virus 40 Large-T/small-t antigen promoted by the rat probasin gene. In addition to prostatic neoplasms, the TRAMP mouse develops tumors in the seminal vesicles. This study was conducted to evaluate the pathology and histogenesis of TRAMP seminal vesicle neoplasms. Tissues of accessory sex organs harvested from 72 TRAMP mice of various ages (11-40 weeks of age) were fixed in neutral buffered formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, desmin, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU, treated animals only), and SV40 Large-T antigen (SV40-Tag). In the seminal vesicles, we found neoplastic stromal cells that emerged multicentrically just beneath the epithelium, densely packed between the epithelium and the smooth muscle layer. These stromal cells frequently exhibited mitotic figures and showed BrdU incorporation and SV40-Tag protein expression in the nuclei and immunopositivity for desmin. The proliferative mesenchymal cells were lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelium. Some of the larger papillary, polypoid lesions exhibited a phyllodes pattern resembling that seen in mixed epithelial-stromal tumors of the breast, prostate, and seminal vesicles of humans. Although the epithelium was negative for SV40-Tag and showed only occasional incorporation of BrdU, it clearly participated in the biphasic proliferation, forming papillary, cystic, and tubuloglandular structures. No conclusive evidence of malignancy (invasion or metastasis) was identified. Our recommended diagnosis of this lesion in the seminal vesicles is epithelial-stromal tumor.     

Response of testes, epididymis, and seminal vesicle of rabbits to zinc deficiency.

It is the purpose of this study to determine the effects of Zn deficiency on the biochemical composition of testes, epididymis, and seminal vesicle of rabbits. An attempt is made to evaluate previous physiological studies and to correlate them with biochemical changes. 30 mature male Balady rabbits were used in this study. 1 group was fed a Zn-deficient diet, and 2 control groups were pair-fed or fed ad libitum a Zn-sufficient diet, all for a period of 120 d. There was significant reduction in the levels of hyaluronidase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, sialic acid, protein, and Zn of both testes and epididymis of Zn-deficient rabbits. Reduction in the level of glyceryl-phosphoryl choline in the epididymis of Zn-deficient rabbits was the best indicator of inhibition of epididymal secretory activity. In contrast, the cholesterol and glycogen contents of the testes were elevated. The results also showed in Zn-deficient rabbits significant reduction in androgen-sensitive parameters, namely fructose and citric acid in the seminal vesicle. Zn levels were decreased in the seminal vesicle. The results indicated that Zn deficiency caused inhibition of testicular, epididymal, and seminal vesicle function and, consequently, caused reductions in the biochemical composition of these organs.     

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the testis, epididymis, and spermatic cord of the stallion.

Ultrasonographic examination of the testis, epididymis, and spermatic cord of the stallion can be used to enhance the routine breeding soundness evaluation of the stallion. Normal ultrasonographic anatomy of the testes and associated structures are presented to aid the clinician in differentiating abnormalities of these structures.     

Fertilizing capacity of the ejaculate of nutria (Myocastor coypus) after the removal of the seminal vesicles as evaluated by the penetration test and natural mating

The fertility of male coypu sperm following seminal vesicle extirpation was investigated using the penetration test into the egg of Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Ejaculates were obtained from five males by means of electro-ejaculation under halothane narcosis. The results of the zona-free hamster eggs (ZFHE) penetration test showed that the ejaculates of all the surgically treated coypu males were fertile and that ZFHE value fluctuated from 54 to 76.6%. The results obtained in experiments with natural mating revealed that the extirpation of male coypu seminal vesicles did not affect their fertility. In total 47 foetuses were found post mortem in ten coypu females covered by surgically treated males, which on average represented 4.7 foetuses per female.     

锗硒对绵羊血液中某些微量元素含量的影响

为探讨绵羊补充锗硒的有效性以及对血液中其他微量元素含量的影响,选取20只羯滩羊随机分成4组,每组5只.Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ组每只绵羊每20d肌肉注射0.2%亚硒酸钠溶液2mL,Ⅲ组每只绵羊每天口服Ge-132溶液(1g/L)50mL;Ⅳ组同时补充亚硒酸钠和Ge-132,试验期为2个月.在试验前和试验第10、20、30、40、50天采取血样,测定全血中锗、硒、锌、铜含量.结果显示,单独补充硒或锗后,绵羊全血硒、锗含量都显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),与锗硒联合应用组全血锗、硒含量没有显著差异;各试验组绵羊全血铜、锌含量与对照组差异不显著.结果表明,绵羊补充锗硒后,全血锗、硒含量显著升高,与锌、铜没有拮抗作用.     

小白鼠肝脏微量元素与日粮铜含量变化的动态关系研究

为探讨日粮中铜的缺乏和过量对小鼠肝脏微量元素蓄积的影响 ,将 12 0只 2 0日龄小白鼠作为靶动物随机地分为 、 和 组 ,每组 4 0只 ,试验分 0～ 31d、31～ 6 0 d、6 1～ 80 d和 81～95 d四个阶段。 和 组日粮铜浓度分别为 4 .5 mg/ kg和 2 .36 mg/ kg, 组日粮铜按正常需要量3、6、12和 2 4倍的倍数递增分阶段添加。试验期第 30 d、6 0 d、80 d和 95 d从各组中分别随机抽取10只小鼠捕杀 ,采集肝脏样品 ,测定 Cu、Zn、Mo、Fe和 Mn等元素的含量。结果表明 , 组小鼠肝铜与日粮铜含量的增加成正比关系 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,饱和 (P<0 .0 1)后的肝脏通过大副降低铜蓄积以避免肝铜的“超载”;日粮铜含量的不足能增强肝脏对铜的蓄积能 ;铜、锌元素在肝脏中的蓄积具有明显地相互抑制效应 ,但当铜、锌含量达到一定比例时 ,二者保持同步升降变化 ;日粮高铜对肝脏锰、钼和铁具有显著的抑制作用。     

Expression of constitutive endothelial, neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the testis and epididymis of horse

The expression of three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were examined in the testis and epididymis of a thoroughbred horse. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the presence of eNOS immunostaining in some germ cells in the seminiferous tubules and in vascular endothelial cells in the interstitial tissues. Interstitial cells, most likely Leydig cells, were also intensely immunopositive for eNOS. The pattern of immunostaining for nNOS was similar to that for eNOS in the testis. Weak expression of iNOS was detected in the seminiferous tubules of the testis, but intense expression was found in interstitial cells. Inducible NOS was also strongly detected in stereocilia, sperm, epithelium and connective tissue of the epididymis of normal horses. These findings suggest that three isoforms of NOS are expressed in the testis and epididymis of horse and that they play important roles in the biology of interstitial cells that produce testosterone, as well as in spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules.     

Relationship of seminal volume to size and disease of the prostate in the beagle.

The seminal volume of young adult Beagles was correlated with the size of and disease in their prostates. The ejaculate volume of naturally collected semen increased in a linear manner with prostatic weight in dogs with normal or glandular hyperplastic prostates. This correlation was not observed in the dogs with cystic hyperplasia, in which there was a reduction in volume of 50% in the semen produced for each gram of prostate. There were no significant differences in other seminal characteristics regardless of prostatic size of disease.     

Scanning electron and light microscopic studies of the surface epithelium of the rete testis and epididymis in the boar. II. Ductus epididymis

The entire ductus epididymidis is characterized by pseudostratified columnar epithelium which contain principal and basal cells. Apical cells are found in the proximal segments. Long stereocilia projected from the apical surface of the principal cells. Signs of adjacent apocrine secretory activity are shown. The various segments of the ductus epididymidis present differences in the height of the epithelium, the development of the stereocilia, the appearance of granules in the cytoplasm, the luminal sperm concentration and the height of the peritubular layer.     

Relation between aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in the seminal fluid and indicators of boar ejaculate quality

In a set of 154, and/or 260 ejaculates, collected from 72 boars, a relationship was studied between the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in seminal plasma and sperm concentration, and/or percent occurrence of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa. We failed to demonstrate any relation between the AST activity and sperm concentration (r = 0.023; P greater than 0.05). However, a statistically significant relation (P less than or equal to 0.05) was demonstrated between the AST activity and percent occurrence of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa (r = 0.343). Applying the above results and in agreement with literary data, determination of AST activity in the seminal plasma of boars can be considered as an important indicator of the cellular damage of sperms.     

如何提高单胃动物对微量元素的吸收率

正提高饲料中微量元素的生物利率可生产出更健康的动物,获得更好的生产效益。微量元素在动物体内履行着重要的生理功能,如在新陈代谢中发挥着复杂的功能,并且它们的缺乏可导致动物机体生理功能的紊乱,这就是为什么它们需要通过饲料向动物提供的原因。虽然微量元素在保持家畜最佳的健康状况和生产性能上具有重要的作用,然而添加微量元素所产生益处的重要性往往被人们低估。     

钼镉联合胁迫对山羊组织和器官中微量元素含量的影响

36头波尔山羊随机分成4组,选用钼酸铵、氯化镉作为试验钼源、镉源。对照组口服相应剂量去离子水,试验组分为低镉低钼组(Cd 0.5mg/kg+Mo 15mg/kg)、低镉中钼组(Cd 0.5mg/kg+Mo 30mg/kg)、低镉高钼组(Cd0.5mg/kg+Mo 45mg/kg)。试验期为50d,并于第0、25、50天每组3头山羊采血并剖杀取组织样品,测定其钼、镉和铜的含量。结果显示:(1)随着试验攻毒时间的增加,心肌中的钼、镉含量与对照组相比显著升高(P0.05),且有随灌服钼的增加而升高的趋势。而铜的含量表现为部分显著下降(P0.05);(2)随着试验攻毒时间和灌服钼质量浓度的增加,肝脏、肾脏、肺脏中的钼、镉含量与对照组相比均显著升高(P0.05),而铜的含量也显著升高(P0.05);(3)随着试验攻毒时间和灌服钼浓度的增加,血清中的钼、镉含量与对照组相比均显著升高(P0.05),而铜的含量表现为部分显著升高(P0.05);(4)随着试验攻毒时间和灌服钼浓度的增加,脾脏中的钼含量与对照组相比均显著升高(P0.05),镉、铜含量部分显著上升(P0.05)。由此可见,羊长期摄入过量钼、镉可使组织器官中钼、镉蓄积量增加,同时限制了机体对铜的利用。     

山羊睾丸附睾卵巢和子宫的淋巴流向

杨春林、王云祥、Fabian等对胎儿、婴儿和鼠等生殖器官的淋巴流向进行了较为细致的研究。而有关山羊内脏器官的淋巴系的研究国内外报道较少。张玉龙、肖传斌等对山羊心脏和胃的淋巴系作了较系统研究。关于山羊睾丸、附睾和卵巢、子宫淋巴系的研究，至今未见报道。鉴于生殖器官肿瘤的     

A local pathway for increased testosterone supply from the testis to the epididymis, vas deferens and accessory genital glands of the rat

Radiolabeled testosterone (3H-T) was infused into the testes or left and right mesofuniculus (106 dpm) or injected into a testes (2 x 10(6) dpm). The 3H-T concentration was estimated 15 or 10 min after 3H-T infusion or injection, respectively, in the tissue samples collected from the prostate, seminal vesicles, caput and cauda epididymides, vasa deferentia and the mesofuniculi. The abdominal aorta and posterior vena cava were cannulated, and the posterior part of the body perfused with blood (at blood pressure 70-140 or 260-300 mm Hg in abdominal aorta) was used to study 3H-T transfer from the testes to venous blood and other male genital organs. The concentration of 3H-T found in the accessory genital glands, epididymes and vasa deferentia was affected by blood pressure in the abdominal aorta. The reduced blood pressure and partial blocking of blood supply to the genital organs (after ligation of both testicular arteries or the terminal part of the abdominal aorta) increased the concentration of 3H-T in accessory genital glands, vasa deferentia and epididymes. The removal of the mesofuniculi and vasa deferentia with their mesoducti reduced 3H-T concentration in the prostate, seminal vesicles and cauda epididymides. Both arterial trunks, testicular arteries and common iliac arteries, were shown to be connected by anastomoses in target organs so effectively, that supplying the male genital organs with blood by only one of them assures the transfer of testosterone from the testes to the epididymes, vasa deferentia, mesofuniculi as well as prostate and seminal vesicles. It was concluded that lymphatic vessels of the mesofunicules and of the spermatic cords as well as venous and arterial vasculature of the mesofunicules create a recently unknown pathway for the increase of testosterone supply from the testes to the epididymes, vasa deferentia and accessory genital glands of rats.     

紫穗槐护坡根际土壤中量、微量元素的含量特征

高速公路边坡生态修复过程中,所选取的恢复植物对其所需的中量、微量元素有效含量的影响和改善边坡生态环境至关重要.本研究以高速公路典型护坡物种紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)根际土壤为研究对象,分析了不同土壤深度紫穗槐根际与非根际土壤主要中量和微量元素有效含量及其根际对元素的富集效应.结果表明:微量元素铁和铜以...     

A quantitative histological study of changes in the bovine testis and epididymis associated with age.

Quantitative histological studies were performed on the testis and epididymis of 80 normal bulls from beef herds in tropical Australia. Four age groups, ranging from nine months to over 10 years were established. Volumetric proportions of parenchymal and collagenous tissues, and tubular or duct surface to tissue volume ratios were determined at the dorsal, middle and ventral testicular regions and at the head, body and tail of the epididymis for each group. Detailed volumetric analyses of the relative volumes of particular parenchymal and stromal elements were made a the middle testicular region. Lymphoid and plasma cell populations were compared in all regions, including the efferent ducts. Differences in the distribution of testicular parenchyma and collagen were found; the dorsal region had more parenchyma and less collagen than the middle and ventral areas. Progressive intertubular fibrosis attributed to age was quantified; it was most marked ventrally. Reductions in the relative volumes of germinal cells, Sertoli cells, tubular cytoplasm and parenchyma, and in tubular surface to testis volume ratios with advancing age, indicated a decrease in the capacity per unit volume of testis to produce sperm. Increased immunocyte populations in the efferent duct region in young bulls were attributed to initial antigenic exposure. Increased antigenic exposure, in association with senile degenerative changes of the genitalia, might have caused the increased immunocyte populations seen in very old bulls.