湛江等鞭金藻藻际细菌群落与其耐高温关系分析

为解析湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhangjiangensis)野生藻株(IZ)与常压室温等离子体技术诱变获得的耐高温诱变藻株(IM)藻际细菌群落与耐高温能力的关联性,本研究采用16S rDNA扩增子测序方法对两株藻在25℃和35℃下细菌群落多样性进行分析.ACE和Chao1指数分析表明,25℃下培养两株藻的...     

海水净化过程中球等鞭金藻对硬壳蛤风味品质的影响

为了探究微藻在贝类净化中的作用,以及净化处理对贝类风味成分的影响,本研究以球等鞭金藻作为净化贝类的食物来源,通过多元统计及判别分析,对比添加球等鞭金藻净化前后贝肉挥发性成分的变化.结果表明,净化后贝类中绝大多数特征性风味成分含量增加,如醛、醇、酯、酮类化合物;其中含量增加最明显的风味成分是具有黄油、肉香的酮类;而部分具...     

盐度对湛江等鞭金藻生长、脂肪酸及藻际菌群的影响

为探究盐度对湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis)生长、脂肪酸组成及藻际菌群的影响,本研究将湛江等鞭金藻置于4个盐度(12、18、24和30)下进行半连续培养,达到稳定生长状态后测定细胞密度(OD₇₅₀)、叶绿素荧光参数及脂肪酸组成,并分析藻际菌群组成。结果表明,湛江等鞭金藻在盐度18~24下有着较高的细胞密度、最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)及有效光化学效率(F'_v/F'_m)。盐度12、18和24下脂肪酸组成无显著差异。盐度30下饱和脂肪酸显著高于其他三组,而不饱和脂肪酸显著低于其他三组。综合来看,盐度18~24是湛江等鞭金藻生长和不饱和脂肪酸积累的最适盐度范围。采用16S rDNA扩增子测序分析藻际菌群,从Chao1、ACE和Shannon指数推测盐度12下藻际菌群多样性显著高于其他三组。主坐标分析(PCoA)表明,盐度18、24和30组间藻际菌群组成相似,与盐度12组差异明显。藻际菌群组成分析显示盐度12下优势菌为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),占比为92.70%,其中占比最多的属为短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas)。盐度18、24和30下优势菌为蓝菌门(Cyanobacteria),占比分别为97.63%、97.41%和93.51%,说明盐度12和盐度≥18对于湛江等鞭金藻是两个差异巨大的生长环境,会使其藻际菌群组成发生剧烈变化。本研究为湛江等鞭金藻培养方案优化提供了数据支持,同时为深入探究盐度对湛江等鞭金藻藻际菌群的影响奠定了基础。     

苯系物(BTEX)长期污染对土壤和地下水微生物群落及代谢潜能的影响

苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯统称为苯系物(BTEX)，是化工污染场地检出率最高的芳香族有机污染物。为研究BTEX长期污染对土壤和地下水微生物群落结构和代谢潜能的影响，采集了江苏省某搬迁化工厂的浅层土、地下水和深层土样品，利用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序和宏基因组测序技术对BTEX长期污染场地展开分析。结果表明：相比较未受污染的土壤样品，长期BTEX污染显著改变了微生物群落结构和多样性，其中以变形菌门改变最为显著。共现性网络分析表明，污染场地中随着样品取样深度的增加，微生物网络复杂性和群落稳定性降低。BTEX代谢功能基因注释表明，地下水样品中污染物代谢基因丰度和多样性更高，并且在地下水和浅层土中同时存在完整的好氧降解途径，但在地下水中厌氧降解基因的丰度更高。BTEX降解途径中benABC和bcrCBAD基因簇在浅层土中更完整，但通过构建BTEX开环的关键基因bamA的系统发育树表明，地下水中可能存在新的BTEX开环基因。这些结果证明BTEX长期污染的不同生境中存在高度多样的微生物群落与降解途径，为相关污染场地的微生物修复提供了科学依据。     

16S rRNA基因高通量测序分析牛粪发酵细菌多样性

将养殖粪便进行资源化处理,尤其是将粪便堆肥发酵后变为生物肥料还田,具有重要的经济、社会和生态效益。之前关于细菌在堆肥过程中的研究,大部分采用实验室培养、分离、鉴定的方法,由于受培养方式的限制,仅能分析粪肥中有限的细菌类别。16S r RNA基因作为生物物种的特征核酸序列,被认为是最适于细菌系统发育和分类鉴定研究的指标。本研究使用16S r RNA基因高通量测序技术,分析了牛粪自然发酵与添加益生菌剂发酵过程中细菌种群的多样性变化。结果表明,1)新鲜牛粪、自然发酵1个月、自然发酵6个月的牛粪中细菌种群并没有明显的变化规律,说明自然发酵过程主要依赖于新鲜牛粪中携带的细菌种群;2)添加益生菌发酵后,细菌种群明显不同于不自然发酵过程中的细菌种群,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)细菌显著增加,而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)细菌显著减少,说明益生菌剂能够显著改变堆肥过程中的细菌种群。本研究对于理解牛粪堆肥过程、提高堆肥效果,以及新型堆肥益生菌剂的开发都具有重要意义。     

西藏高原土壤中可培养细菌群落结构分析

以4个西藏高海拔(4 056～5 015 m)高原土壤为材料,经室内恒温短期碳源富集培养后,建立4个土壤可培养细菌库.采用细菌16S rDNA的序列分析技术测定供试土壤可培养细菌库的群落结构特征.结果表明,从XZ02、XZ06、XZ08和XZ12共4个土样的细菌库中,分别获得21,37,31,32个细菌的16S rDNA序列,共产生45个OTU类型.不同样品产生的OTU类型个数和种类有差异,不同样品之间存在共有的优势OTU,但比例不同.多样性指数分析表明,XZ08的Shannon-Wiener指数(H’)和物种丰富度指数(dMa)均为最大,XZ02的辛普森指数(Simpson index,Ds)和物种均匀度指数(E)均为最大,表明不同土壤可培养细菌的多样性指数大小不同;PCA分析表明,XZ06和XZ12群落结构相近,XZ02和XZ08与其群落结构差异大.典型OTU进化定位分析表明,4个土样的细菌主要分布在厚壁菌门和变形菌门中,XZ02和XZ12以芽孢杆菌为主,而XZ02和XZ12以芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌为主.不同采样点土壤的可培养细菌群落结构多样性和分布上均有差异.     

铁锰结核土壤锰氧化细菌多样性及新菌属分析

尽管细菌的锰氧化作用被认为是自然界中氧化锰矿物形成的主要成因,但目前国内外对陆地土壤环境中锰氧化细菌的种群组成与多样性方面的研究甚少。本研究对采集于山东崅峪一处含铁锰结核的棕壤进行了可培养锰氧化细菌分离、活性测定与多样性调查,结果发现表层土壤(A层:0～20 cm)的可培养锰氧化细菌是最丰富的,但是高锰氧化活性的细菌主要分布在心土层(B层:20～40 cm)和底土层(C层:>75 cm)。通过对具有高锰氧化活性的分离菌株16S rRNA基因的扩增、测序和序列BLAST比对分析,发现了7个此前未见报道的具有锰氧化活性的新菌属。此外,对5株具有高锰氧化活性的分离菌株和土壤样品的进行了16S rRNA基因V3产物的变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析,结果显示此5株高锰氧化菌株并非都是土壤中的高丰度细菌。     

Changes of Bacterial Community Structure in Copper Mine Tailings After Colonization of Reed (Phragmites communis)

Soil samples were collected from both bare and vegetated mine tailings to study the changes in bacterial communities and soil chemical properties of copper mine tailings due to reed (Phragmites communis) colonization. The structures of bacterial communities were investigated using culture-independent 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. The bacterial diversity in the bare mine tailing was lower than that of the vegetated mine tailing. The former was dominated by sulfur metabolizing bacteria, whereas the latter was by nitrogen fixing bacteria. The bare mine tailing was acidic (pH = 3.78), whereas the vegetated mine tailing was near neutral (pH = 7.28). The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, and ammonium acetate-extractable potassium in vegetated mine tailings were significantly higher than those in the bare mine tailings (P< 0.01), whereas available phosphorus and electrical conductivity were significantly lower than those in the bare mine tailings (P< 0.01). The results demonstrated that 16S rRNA gene sequencing could be successfully used to study the bacterial diversity in mine tailings. The colonization of the mine tailings by reed significantly changed the bacterial community and the chemical properties of tailings. The complex interactions between bacteria and plants deserve further investigation.     

新疆巴州幼年与成年牦牛瘤胃细菌区系多样性分析

为比较年龄对牦牛瘤胃细菌区系多样性的影响,以新疆巴州1岁幼年牦牛和4岁成年牦牛的瘤胃微生物总DNA为研究材料,利用16S rRNA基因序列分析技术对牦牛瘤胃细菌区系的操作归类单元(OTU)聚类、门和属水平上的物种丰度、Alpha多样性进行比较分析。结果表明,在门水平上,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度为66.96%~70.31%,拟杆菌门(Bacteroides)相对丰度为21.87%~24.11%,其他菌类所占比例极少。在属水平上,普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)在幼年牦牛瘤胃内相对丰度(4.69%)高于成年牦牛(2.68%);瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)在幼年牦牛瘤胃内相对丰度(4.69%)比在成年牦牛瘤胃内(1.79%)高。幼年和成年牦牛的Chao1指数分别为783.50和544.00,Shannon指数分别为4.68和4.52。综上可知,在同一草地放牧饲养条件下,1岁和4岁巴州牦牛瘤胃细菌区系组成存在明显差异,幼年牦牛瘤胃消化吸收的功能正在转化建立的过程中,所以Chao1指数和Shannon指数高于成年牦牛,且瘤胃细菌物种丰度和多样性更高。本研究结果为该地区牦牛瘤胃微生物稳态及其营养调控研究提供了参考依据。     

五氯酚厌氧生物降解体系中细菌的多样性分析

为了解五氯酚(PCP)降解过程中参与PCP降解的微生物多样性,本文应用16SrRNA基因克隆文库方法对PCP厌氧生物降解体系中细菌群落的组成和相对丰度进行了研究。结果表明,TM7类群的微生物在整个细菌群落中占有最大丰度(48.6%),检测到的序列与在三氯乙烯污染的地下水中检测的克隆子有一定的序列相似性(93.6%)。丰度位居第二的微生物类群为β-变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria)细菌,其中的一些克隆子(10.8%)与脱氯微生物Dechlorosoma suillum具有极高的序列同缘性(99.7%)。此外,也检测到少数Clostridium属[厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)类群]的微生物。克隆文库中发现许多序列(占整个克隆文库的51.3%)与Gen Bank中已报道的序列具有较远的同源性(小于93.4%),它们可能代表新的微生物。本研究进一步拓宽了对PCP降解微生物多样性的认识。     

番石榴结合态多酚对小鼠肠道菌群结构及多样性的影响研究

为探究番石榴结合态多酚对小鼠肠道菌群的影响,本试验将CD-1小鼠分为空白组、高浓度组(500 mg·kg^-1)和低浓度组(100 mg·kg^-1)3组,在灌胃5周后,收集小鼠的无菌粪便,扩增肠道菌群16S rRNA基因高变域V3-V4,通过16S rRNA基因扩增子测序技术检测小鼠肠道菌群的α多样性、β多样性,以及门、属水平的物种组成。结果表明,与空白组相比,低浓度组中菌群的均匀性和丰富度显著提高(P<0.05);基于门水平分析,厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和疣微菌门3个菌门的相对丰度值较大;在属水平中,高低浓度组均能降低拟杆菌属相对丰度,低浓度组能提高乳杆菌相对丰度,并且高浓度组中艾克曼菌属的相对丰度大幅提高。综上所述,番石榴结合态多酚能提高小鼠肠道菌群的均匀性和丰富度,且对菌群结构具有调节作用,既能提高益生菌的相对丰度,也能降低有害菌的相对丰度。本研究结果可为番石榴结合态多酚的活性研究和实际应用提供理论参考。     

Community structure of bacteria on different types of mineral particles in a sandy soil

Various types of mineral particles in a soil probably provide different microenvironments for microorganisms. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether different types of mineral in a soil harbor different bacterial populations. DNA was extracted from five types (quartz, feldspar, pyroxene, magnetite, iron-coated reddish brown particles) of sand-size mineral particles separated from a sandy soil, and was amplified for partial 16 S rRNA gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twenty-nine to 69 amplicons per each type of mineral were cloned and sequenced, followed by phylogenetic affiliation of the sequences. As a result, some types of bacteria were detected on all of the types of mineral including the orders Rhizobiales, Bacillales, and Acidobacteriales. In the case of Acidobacteriales, higher percentages were found on magnetite and quartz. Some taxa were restricted to specific types of mineral; the class Actinobacteria was found on pyroxene but not on quartz, and rarely on magnetite and feldspar. Bacterial diversity at the order level estimated by Chao1 value was higher in feldspar and pyroxene than the other three types of mineral. The UniFrac Significance test indicated that the differences in bacterial communitiy structures among the particles were suggestive except that between feldspar and pyroxene. These results support the idea that different communities of bacteria were associated with each of the mineral types.     

Bacterial communities associated with natural and commercially grown rooibos (Aspalathus linearis)

Aspalathus linearis is a commercially important plant species endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa and is used to produce a herbal tea known as rooibos tea. Symbiotic interactions between A. linearis and soil bacteria play an important role in the survival of Aspalathus plants in the highly nutrient-poor, acidic fynbos soil. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare rhizosphere and bulk soil bacterial communities associated with natural and commercially grown A. linearis, as well as the effect of seasonal changes on these communities. Bacterial communities were characterized using high throughput amplicon sequencing, and their correlations with soil chemical properties were investigated. The N-fixing bacterial community was characterized using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria were the most dominant bacterial phyla detected in this study. Highly similar bacterial communities were associated with natural and commercially grown plants. Significant differences in the bacterial community were observed between rhizosphere and bulk soils collected in the dry season, while no significant differences were detected in the wet season. This study provides insights into bacterial community structure and potential factors shaping bacterial community structure with commercially important A. linearis.     

3种西兰花种植方式对根际土壤细菌群落结构和多样性的影响研究

为明确不同种植方式减缓西兰花的连作障碍,本研究采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术,分析和比较了浙江省台州湾滨海滩涂地西兰花种植区单季稻-西兰花水旱轮作、南瓜-西兰花旱旱轮作和西兰花连作3种种植方式对西兰花根际土壤细菌群落结构和多样性的影响.结果 表明,3种种植方式西兰花根际土壤共获得28门、92纲、167目...     

甘肃甘南传统发酵牦牛乳中细菌菌群的多样性研究

为了研究甘肃甘南传统发酵牦牛乳中细菌菌群的多样性,本试验以甘肃甘南地区传统发酵牦牛乳为研究对象,基于Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,对13份发酵牦牛乳的16S rRNA中V3-V4区进行测序,分析甘肃甘南地区传统发酵牦牛乳中细菌菌群的多样性.结果表明,最终获得720 221条高质量16S rRNA基因序列,...