农大动物医学院院长提醒市民：人与动物不能亲密接触

中国农业大学动物医学院院长汪明提醒市民:对人类造成威胁的重大瘟疫都是动物传染给人的。人和动物接触时,一定要有防护意识。这位动物医学专家指出,动物是人类疫病病原体的携带者或病原库。有很多病原是在动物和人之间自然地传播着。这类疾病是人兽共患病,其病原体有病毒、细菌、立克氏体和寄生虫等。这样的例子很多。人的艾滋病病毒就是来源于非洲的猴子。鼠疫、埃博拉等疫病也都是由动物传染给人的。 汪明说,野生动物生活在自己的自然环境中,与人类的环境不同,并处于相对隔离状态。人类对野生动物所携带的病原并不完全了解。非法掠杀、…     

鉴别中不能忽视的问题

警犬鉴别分两个部分:一是训练,二是实战.下面,就这两个部分中值得注意的问题探讨一下. 一、鉴别训练,犬经常出现的问题是不嗅嗅源、假嗅嗅源和不进形式、在形式中乱反应.     

不容忽视的犬的冠状病毒感染

犬冠状病毒（CCV）是引起犬胃肠炎的主要病原之一,1971年首次从腹泻的德国军犬中分离到病毒以来,世界上相继有CCV感染的研究及新病毒株分离的报道。我国对该病的研究起步较晚,1985年证明有CCV的流行并且广泛存在感染现象,但临床工作者对该病的重视程度还远远不够。     

畜牧兽医系统机构改革须以增强服务为核心--访上海市奉贤县兽医站站长姚龙涛

据党"十五大"精神,全国机构改革已进入实质调整阶段.由于我国实际情况的复杂性,改革工作将是长期而艰巨的任务.随着畜牧机构改制工作的不断推进,各级站所面临的不容回避的实际问题也日渐暴露出来,如在职人员分流、离退休人员安置、畜牧业生产服务的经费来源、重大疫病的防制、畜禽及产品检疫;畜牧兽医站又如何加强自身建设,将服务落到实处等等,成为大家共同关注的焦点.为此,我们专程采访了奉贤县兽医站站长,兼任中国畜牧兽医学会理事、上海市畜牧兽医学会副理事长,受聘为农业部动物及动物产品卫生质量监督检验测试中心客座研究员、上海交大农学院客座教授,2001年全国农业科技推广先进工作者姚龙涛先生,听听他对改革的看法.     

Small animal husbandry: what should be taught?

As far as the small animals are concerned, animal husbandry refers to animal welfare and management. There are five main areas of undergraduate instruction in this subject--normal animal behaviour, nutritional requirements, restraint, housing and management in disease. University education, vacational studies and personal experience all provide important sources of knowledge. Most university instruction in small animal welfare and management is provided in the clinical courses where extensive care material can be utilised in practical teaching. Integration of the animal husbandry and clinical courses is to be encouraged.     

水生经济动物病害防治需注意的几点问题

近年来,鱼、虾、蟹、龟、鳖等水生经济动物的养殖已经成为国民经济的重要来源之一。但随着人工养殖的开展和养殖规模的不断扩大,病害问题日趋严重．已成为一些水生经济动物养殖成功与否的关键因素。面对如此严峻的形势,病害的防治越来越显出其重要性。但在水生经济动物病害防治方面存在着一些误区．     

The ethics of animal welfare and the ethics of animal protection

An argumentational analysis of the German legislation for animal welfare suggests that the concept "Ethischer Tierschutz", declared as a state objective in 2002, allows the legislative body greater scope than that utilized so far. The legislator would, in principle, be able to regulate some problem areas which have been repeatedly addressed by the public as well as the ethics. A comparison with Switzerland and the EU-member Austria shows that both countries' animal welfare legislations already reach beyond a strictly suffering-based protection framework by employing additional anthropocentric arguments. The concept "Ethischer Tierschutz" would make this approach likewise feasible in Germany.     

对实施动物检疫行为属于行政许可范畴的认识

当前,畜牧兽医部门承担的行政许可事项较多,有动物防疫监督,种畜禽管理、饲料管理、曾药管理、动物诊疗管理等多方面。按照《动物防疫法》第四十五条和农业部《动物防疫条件审核管理办法》的规定,国家对动物防疫条件的审核管理,实行《动物防疫合格证》制度。县级以上人民政府所属的动物防疫监督机构对《动物防疫合格证》的审核发证就是一种行政许可行为,这是国家法律和规章都具体规定了的。     

Similar cefoxitin-resistance plasmids circulating in Escherichia coli from human and animal sources

The aim of this study was to determine the molecular epidemiology of cefoxitin-resistance Escherichia coli identified in cattle entering feedlots and determine if there were any similarities to E. coli causing human infections in Canadian hospitals. A total of 51 E. coli were isolated from a total of 2483 cattle entering four feedlots in southern Alberta, Canada. DNA fingerprinting using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed thirty-two unique patterns with two major clusters observed comprised of Cluster A (11 strains) and Cluster B (7 strains). PCR and sequence analysis revealed 38 isolates (74.5%) harboured bla(CMY-2), whereas the remainder were found to contain mutations in the promoter region of the chromosomal ampC gene, which has been previously associated with cefoxitin resistance. No resistance to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, or amikacin was observed in the clinical isolates. bla(CMY-2) harbouring plasmids were transferred to E. coli DH10B. All of the plasmids carrying bla(CMY-2) contained the A/C replicon and also harboured other resistance genes. Plasmid fingerprinting using BglII revealed 17 unique patterns with all but one clustering within 70% similarity. Comparison of the plasmid fingerprints to those isolated from human clinically significant E. coli in Canada during a similar time period [Mulvey, M.R., Bryce, E., Boyd, D.A., Ofner-Agostini, M., Land, A.M., Simor, A.E, Paton, S., 2005. The Canadian Hospital Epidemiology Committee, and The Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program, Health Canada. Molecular characterization of cefoxitin resistant Escherichia coli from Canadian hospitals. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49, 358-365] revealed four strains that harboured bla(CMY-2) A/C replicon type plasmid with fingerprint similarities of greater than 90% to the ones identified in E. coli from the cattle in this study. These findings highlight the potential linkage of multidrug resistant organisms in food producing animals and human infections in Canadian hospitals. The plasmids conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics which could limit options for the treatment of infections caused by these strains.     

农畜产品质量安全管理应加强三个基本问题的研究

当前．我国城市居民的食物消费总体上已经进入小康阶段,农村居民食物消费总体上也已经迈过温饱阶段。随着经济的发展,我国城乡居民的食物消费必将进入一个新的结构升级时期．农畜产品的供求方式也将随之发生重大的变化．农畜产品的增长方式将从过去单一追求数量的增长转变为追求质量与数量同步增长,政府对农畜产品的关注和调控也应从单一注重数量安全转变到同时关注数量安全和质量安全。     

不可忽视犬的营养代谢病

随着社会养犬的不断兴旺,犬的生活质量越来越高,犬的医疗也相继与人医接轨。现代生物医学的深入研究和拓展,极大地促进了小动物临床营养学及内、外科医疗技术的发展。国外通过营养学的应用,改善小动物的保健水平早已变为现实。据目前临床资料统计,我国犬的营养代谢性疾病的发生率有逐年增高的趋势,并且潜藏着不被人们所认知的临床体征,从临床营养学角度再度评价其发生机理、生物学特性、饲喂方法与防治措施是非常必要的。