产蛋鸡日粮中添加Vc的效益分析

选取商品蛋鸡108只,分为对照组和试验I、Ⅱ组,每组36只,分别饲喂添加0、100、200mg／kgVc的蛋鸡日粮。42天后的试验结果显示：I组提高蛋鸡产蛋数6．36％,饲料转化效率提高6．7％,经济效益增加17．02％;II组降低蛋鸡产蛋数1．45％,降低饲料转化效率2．94％,比对照组少收入6．3％。说明添加适量的Vc能显著提高产蛋鸡的生产性能。从而增加了经济效益。     

康源菌歧对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响

试验探讨了中草药微生物制剂－康源菌歧对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响，结果表明该制剂可使蛋鸡产蛋率提高了7．8％，产蛋量提高10．8％，饲料利用率提高6．8％，死亡率下降74．91％。     

复方菠菜提取物、VB12合剂对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

本试验研究了复方菠菜提取物、VB12合剂对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响,试验选取6栋55周龄蛋鸡,分为空白对照组和添加1kg/t合剂的试验组,结果显示试验结束时试验组比对照组产蛋合格率提高了10.17％,其中斑点蛋率降低了5.6％,畸形蛋率降低2.87％,蛋壳不正常颜色率降低2.73％.在产蛋率、蛋重、破蛋率、枚...     

益生素对蛋鸡产蛋高峰期生产性能影响

选用24周龄海兰蛋鸡6000只,47周龄试验结束后随机分为2个试验组,每个试验组设3个重复,每个重复有1000只蛋鸡。在基础日粮中分别添加0．1％益生素,研究其对海兰蛋鸡产蛋高峰期生产性能的影响。结果表明：海兰蛋鸡饲料中添加0．1％益生素后,40-47周龄试验组产蛋率、累计产蛋数均高于对照组,差异显著（P〈0．05）。整个试验期料蛋比试验组比对照组减少0．07,差异显著（P〈0．05）,死淘率降低57．9％,差异显著（P〈0．05）。试验证明益生素对蛋鸡产蛋高峰期的生产性能的提高,具有一定促进作用。     

绿色中药添加剂"禽蛋多"对产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质影响的研究

在日粮中添加不同比例的中草药饲料添加剂。研究其对蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质指标的影响．并对其机理作初步探讨；确定中草药添加剂“禽蛋多”在生产中适宜的添加量，为其应用提供理论和实际依据。试验证明，添加不同比例“禽蛋多”对蛋鸡的生产性能有不同程度的改善．产蛋率比对照组分别提高了2．91％-4．89％．产蛋量分别提高了4．22％～9．57％．试验组与对照组之间差异极显著（P〈0．01），采食量变化不显著，料蛋比呈降低趋势，蛋黄中胆同醇的含量随着添加比例的增加呈现降低趋势．经济效益提高幅度十分显著。     

中草药组方对450日龄蛋鸡生产性能及生殖激素分泌的影响

选取健康、体重基本一致的450日龄京红1号蛋鸡810只,随机分为3组,每组90只,每组设3个重复,组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ饲喂添加不同中草药配方的日粮,组Ⅲ不添加中草药,研究其对蛋鸡产蛋性能及激素分泌的影响。试验结果表明,2个中草药配方均能够显著提高蛋鸡产蛋性能和生殖激素的分泌。     

产蛋鸡日粮中添加Vc的效果试验

选取海兰商品蛋鸡１０８只，分为对照和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ３组，每组３６只，分别饲喂添加０、１００、２００ｍｇ／ｋｇＶｃ的蛋鸡日粮。４２天的试验结果：Ⅰ组提高蛋鸡产蛋数６．３６％，饲料转化效率提高６．７％，经济效益增加１７．０２％；Ⅱ组降低蛋鸡产蛋数１．４５％，降低饲料转化效率２．９４％，比对照组少收入６．３％。说明适宜的Ｖｃ添加量能显著提高产蛋鸡的生产性能。     

中草药制剂银翘散在蛋鸡养殖中的应用试验

本试验通过分别在试验组蛋鸡的育雏期、育成期及产蛋期的基础日粮中添加0．2％的中草药制荆银翘散，观察记录不同时期对照组与试验组的蛋鸡增重、耗料量、发病数、死亡数、用药量以及免疫抗体合格率、产蛋数、蛋重等参数，利用卡方检验和t检验进行数据分析，结果发现试验组蛋鸡在育雏和育成期的发病数减少，且差异极显著（P〈O．01），同时提高了育成率和免疫抗体合格率，在产蛋期产蛋数和产蛋量增加，且差异极显著（P〈O．01），提高了产蛋率和饲料利用率，减少了蛋鸡死淘数。试验表明，银翘散的添加对提高蛋鸡养殖的经济效益作用明显，从而为开发利用中草药制剂（银翘散）提供科学依据。     

复方中草药制剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能和抗氧化性能的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平复方中草药制剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能和抗氧化性能的影响。将3 072只52周龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复192只,Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加50、100、150 g/t复方中草药制剂,试验期为30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加100 g/t复方中草药制剂显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率、蛋重和料蛋比(P0.05);添加150 g/t复方中草药制剂显著提高血清、肾脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P0.05);Ⅲ、Ⅳ组鸡的血清、蛋黄和肾脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P0.05),肝脏中SOD和GSH-Px含量有一定提高但作用效果不显著(P0.05)。说明日粮中添加100 g/t复方中草药制剂可以显著改善蛋鸡的抗氧化性能和产蛋性能。     

海兰褐蛋鸡产蛋后期体重与产蛋性能的关系分析

开产体重是蛋鸡选育过程中的重要指标[1].关于蛋鸡开产体重与产蛋性能之间关系的报道也较多[2～5],但是关于蛋鸡产蛋后期体重对其产蛋性能影响的报道却较为少见.在实际生产过程中,当鸡蛋产量供不应求时,有些养殖场通过适当延长老龄蛋鸡的蛋用期限以缓冲市场需求;然而大多数老龄蛋鸡的产蛋机能受其年龄影响,处于待淘汰状态.本文研究了老龄蛋鸡的体重对其产蛋性能的影响,以期为老龄蛋鸡的选留或分批次淘汰提供理论参考,提高养殖综合效益.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …